scholarly journals Metabolic Shifts as the Hallmark of Most Common Diseases: The Quest for the Underlying Unity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3972
Author(s):  
Laurent Schwartz ◽  
Marc Henry ◽  
Khalid O. Alfarouk ◽  
Stephan J. Reshkin ◽  
Miroslav Radman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Warburg Effect ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Common Diseases ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Drugs

A hyper-specialization characterizes modern medicine with the consequence of classifying the various diseases of the body into unrelated categories. Such a broad diversification of medicine goes in the opposite direction of physics, which eagerly looks for unification. We argue that unification should also apply to medicine. In accordance with the second principle of thermodynamics, the cell must release its entropy either in the form of heat (catabolism) or biomass (anabolism). There is a decreased flow of entropy outside the body due to an age-related reduction in mitochondrial entropy yield resulting in increased release of entropy in the form of biomass. This shift toward anabolism has been known in oncology as Warburg-effect. The shift toward anabolism has been reported in most diseases. This quest for a single framework is reinforced by the fact that inflammation (also called the immune response) is involved in nearly every disease. This strongly suggests that despite their apparent disparity, there is an underlying unity in the diseases. This also offers guidelines for the repurposing of old drugs.

The War Against SARS-CoV-2: The Immune Giant Collapsing Under Its Own Rampaging Cytokine Storm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xanya Sofra
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Age Related

We examined SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) available treatments and prophylactic methods that included interventions associated with inhibiting the ‘type II transmembrane serine protease’ (TMPRSS2) to limit the fusion between the Covid-19 Spike proteins and ACE2 receptors, or newly developed therapeutics like Remdesivir that interferes with the viral RNA replication. We explored the dilemma of ACE2 receptors that have a protective function against high blood pressure associated disorders, yet, they serve as the viral points of entry, elevating the probability of infection. Human tissues’ analysis reveals a higher ACE2 expression in adipose tissue, placing obesity-related conditions in the eye of the pandemic storm. It primarily exposes males due to the surge of ACE2 receptors in the testes along with other tissues. Males manifest a relatively higher positive ACE2 correlation with certain immune cells in the lungs, thyroid, adrenals, liver and colon, while females evidence higher ACE2 correlations with immune cells in the heart. The remaining tissues’ ACE2/immunity expressions are equivalent in both sexes, indicating that despite its preference for males, the threat of Covid-19 can easily target females. Recent reports indicate that Covid-19 is empowered by hindering the critical process of viral recognition during the adaptive immune response leading to the “cytokine storm,” the aggravated immune response that indiscriminately perseveres, rampaging the host’s vital organs. Sedentary lifestyle, age-related hormonal imbalance, and adiposity induced inflammation predispose the body to the immune collapse following Covid-19 invasion, spotlighting the detrimental aftermath of metabolic dysfunction, and excess food consumption, provoked by elevated cortisol and dysregulated appetite hormones. ACE2 expression is suppressed in the skeletal muscle, rendering fitness and weight management an effective Covid-19 preventive intervention, along with social distancing, hygiene, and facial coverings. Physical activity, or exercise alternative methods have recently demonstrated statistically significant reductions of the inflammatory marker C-Reactive Protein (CRP), triglycerides, visceral fat, cortisol and the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, juxtaposed by optimal increases of IGF-1, skeletal muscle mass, Free T3, HDL, and the anorexic hormone leptin.

scholarly journals A Case study on Efficacy of Nasya karma with Karpasasthyadi thailam in the Management of Kaphavrutha Vata w.s.r Manyasthamba

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
Remesh Chandran T S ◽  
Manu R ◽  
Sainath Pillai R
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Cervical Spondylosis ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Degenerative Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Micro Channels ◽  
Wear And Tear

Manyasthamba (Cervical Spondylosis) is one among the Eighty Nanathmaja Vata Vyadhi’s. Due to the Nidanas (Etiology) like sleeping during day time, sitting and standing on irregular postures, constantly gazing upwards.Avarana is one of the pathological processes of Vata vitiation. Avarana is the disturbed movement of Vata due to obstruction by other factors in the body. Vata being aggravated, gets Avrutha by Kapha. Kaphavrutha Vata takes Ashraya (seat)in the Sira (arteries) and Snayu (Nerves) of Manya Pradesha  (Nape of the neck) and produces Lakshanas ( Symptoms)  like Sheetata ,Shopha (Swelling), Gaurava (Heaviness), Ruk (Pain) and Chesthastambha ( Lack of expression) we can correlate cervical spondylosis with Manyastambha which has dominancy of Vata-Kaphaja Dosha.    Cervical spondylosis is a degenerative disease of cervical spine. It is age related degenerative disease but the incidence is increasing day by day due to strenuous activities, faulty postures and long hours desk work cervical spine go through various wear and tear processes because of which the gap between the two vertebrae reduces and the nerve passing through them get compressed and eliciting various symptoms like paraesthesia, radiating pain, numbness in hand, headache, dizziness. Modern medicine has no promising remedy for this disease yet. The general treatment protocol for Avarana is pacification of Vata along with cleansing of channels and treatment of encroaching Dosha. Nasya is considered as the best procedures for disease of head and neck.  Ayurvedic classics has mentioned Nasya (earrhines) as the treatment for Urdhva Jatru Gata Vikara (supraclavicular region). Nasya(earrhines) karma has potent effect on Shroto Shodhan (Cleansing of micro channels) and to retard the Dhatukshaya (Depletion of Dhatus).  

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2-the Unforeseen Peril of David Winning Against Goliath: the Immune Giant Collapsing Under Its Own Rampaging Cytokine Storm

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Xanya Sofra
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Age Related

We examined SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) available treatments and prophylactic methods that included interventions associated with inhibiting the “type II transmembrane serine protease” (TMPRSS2) to limit the fusion between the Covid-19 Spike proteins and ACE2 receptors, or newly developed therapeutics like Remdesivir that interferes with the viral RNA replication. We explored the dilemma of ACE2 receptors that have a protective function against high blood pressure associated disorders, yet,they serve as the viral points of entry, elevating the probability of infection. Human tissues’ analysis reveals a higher ACE2 expression in adipose tissue, placing obesity-related conditions in the eye of the pandemic storm. It primarily exposes males due to the surge of ACE2 receptors in the testes along with other tissues. Males manifest a relatively higher positive ACE2 orrelations with certain immune cells in the lungs,thyroid, adrenals, liver and colon, while females evidence higher ACE2 correlations with immune cells in the heart. The remaining tissues’ ACE2/immunity expressions are equivalent in both sexes, indicating that despite its preference for males, the threat of Covid-19 can easily target females.Recent reports indicate that Covid-19 is empowered by hindering the critical process of viral recognition during the adaptive immune response leading to the “cytokine storm”, the aggravated immune response that indiscriminately perseveres, rampaging the host’s vital organs. Sedentary lifestyle, age-related hormonal imbalance, and adiposity induced inflammation predispose the body to the immune collapse following Covid-19 invasion, spotlighting the detrimental aftermath of metabolic dysfunction,and excess food consumption provoked by elevated cortisol and dysregulated appetite hormones. ACE 2 expression is suppressed in the skeletal muscle, rendering fitness and weight management an effective Covid-19 preventive intervention, along with social distancing, hygiene, and facial coverings. Physical activity, or exercise alternative methods have recently demonstrated statistically significant reductions of the inflammatory marker C-Reactive Protein (CRP), triglycerides, visceral fat, cortisol and the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, juxtaposed by optimal increases of IGF-1, skeletal muscle mass, Free T3, HDL, and the anorexic hormone leptin.

The influence of osteopathic correction on the rate of various rhythms of the body

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Chernikova ◽  
Yu. P. Potekhina
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Dispersion Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

Introduction. An osteopathic examination determines the rate, the amplitude and the strength of the main rhythms (cardiac, respiratory and cranial). However, there are relatively few studies in the available literature dedicated to the influence of osteopathic correction (OC) on the characteristics of these rhythms.Goal of research — to study the influence of OC on the rate characteristics of various rhythms of the human body.Materials and methods. 88 adult osteopathic patients aged from 18 to 81 years were examined, among them 30 men and 58 women. All patients received general osteopathic examination. The rate of the cranial rhythm (RCR), respiratory rate (RR) heart rate (HR), the mobility of the nervous processes (MNP) and the connective tissue mobility (CTM) were assessed before and after the OC session.Results. Since age varied greatly in the examined group, a correlation analysis of age-related changes of the assessed rhythms was carried out. Only the CTM correlated with age (r=–0,28; p<0,05) in a statistically significant way. The rank dispersion analysis of Kruskal–Wallis also showed statistically significant difference in this indicator in different age groups (p=0,043). With the increase of years, the CTM decreases gradually. After the OC, the CTM, increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001). The RCR varied from 5 to 12 cycles/min in the examined group, which corresponded to the norm. After the OC, the RCR has increased in a statistically significant way (p<0,0001), the MNP has also increased (p<0,0001). The initial heart rate in the subjects varied from 56 to 94 beats/min, and in 15 % it exceeded the norm. After the OC the heart rate corresponded to the norm in all patients. The heart rate and the respiratory rate significantly decreased after the OC (р<0,0001).Conclusion. The described biorhythm changes after the OC session may be indicative of the improvement of the nervous regulation, of the normalization of the autonomic balance, of the improvement of the biomechanical properties of body tissues and of the increase of their mobility. The assessed parameters can be measured quickly without any additional equipment and can be used in order to study the results of the OC.

PERMEABILITY OF CELLS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN ASSESSMENT OF FISHES AGE

1970 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
N. I. Maslova
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Structures ◽  
Ratio Estimation ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Cellular Permeability ◽  
Membrane Strength

The article presents analysis of material and results of their own studies on changes in the permeability of cellular structures, organs and tissues in carp, which is of great importance in determining age-related indicators. The cells permeability in liver and gonads estimation was carried out under the experimental base of VNIIR on two carp genotypes during the pre-spawning period. The carp groups taken for analysis differed significantly in their genotypes. In females of the Khrapunov group the fecundity was 2023.0 thousand units, while the number of oocytes filled with yolk was only 0.7%, in the Ostashevsky ones - 1370.0 thousand units and 8.6%, respectively. During estimation the chemical composition of the generative tissue in females and males it was established that the cholesterol and lecithin content in males is higher than that of females, while feeding dependence is observed, especially on the amount of protein in the diet. For example, in females on protein diet contained less glycogen in gonads than on females on carbohydrate diet. Lecithin and cholesterol are higher in males than in females, which corresponds to increasing the Gyurdy Ratio (estimation of cell membrane strength). In spermatogenesis the content of phospholipids and cholesterol in the liver was decreased less than during ovogenesis. This indicates a lower level of synthetic processes in the milts compared with the ovaries. The cholesterol content in sperm is higher than in caviar in 19.6 times, and phospholipids almost doubled. With increasing age, the Gyordy Ratio for caviar decreases, for sperm it increases, the percentage of caviar fertilization increases. As the body age metabolism deteriorates, cellular permeability decreases (the ratio of lecithin and cholesterol changes significantly). At the same time, the permeability of cells in different organs and tissues varies and depends on living conditions, especially feeding and to some extent on the origin. In fish the gross productivity decreases as growth slows down and more energy is spent on adaptation to environmental conditions.

Emerging Promise of Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Hope for the Development of Alzheimer’s Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1214-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tanvir Kabir ◽  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
Bijo Mathew ◽  
Pankoj Kumar Das ◽  
Asma Perveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Aβ Oligomers ◽  
Th2 Immune Response ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the characteristics of this devastating disorder include the progressive and disabling deficits in the cognitive functions including reasoning, attention, judgment, comprehension, memory, and language. Objective: In this article, we have focused on the recent progress that has been achieved in the development of an effective AD vaccine. Summary: Currently, available treatment options of AD are limited to deliver short-term symptomatic relief only. A number of strategies targeting amyloid-beta (Aβ) have been developed in order to treat or prevent AD. In order to exert an effective immune response, an AD vaccine should contain adjuvants that can induce an effective anti-inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) immune response. AD vaccines should also possess the immunogens which have the capacity to stimulate a protective immune response against various cytotoxic Aβ conformers. The induction of an effective vaccine’s immune response would necessitate the parallel delivery of immunogen to dendritic cells (DCs) and their priming to stimulate a Th2-polarized response. The aforesaid immune response is likely to mediate the generation of neutralizing antibodies against the neurotoxic Aβ oligomers (AβOs) and also anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus preventing the AD-related inflammation. Conclusion: Since there is an age-related decline in the immune functions, therefore vaccines are more likely to prevent AD instead of providing treatment. AD vaccines might be an effective and convenient approach to avoid the treatment-related huge expense.

A Critical Review on Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) - An Ayurvedic View

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip R. Baheti ◽  
Deepa Sharma ◽  
Saroj Devi ◽  
Amit Rai
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Asthma Symptoms

Difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath may be simply termed as Shwasa (Asthma), As per Ayurveda, Shwasa is mainly caused by the Vata and Kapha Doshas. Shwasa is broadly classified into five types in Maha Shwasa (Dyspnoea major), Urdhawa Shwasa (Expiratory Dyspnoea), Chinna Shwasa (Chyne-stroke respiration), Kshudra Shwasa (Dyspnoea minor), Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma). In modern science Tamaka Shwasa can be correlated with Asthma, Asthma which is a chronic inflammatory disease of airway. In modern medicine there is no cure for Asthma, symptoms can typically be improved. In Ayurveda, Asthma can be effectively and safely manage the condition without inducing any drug dependency where Pachakarma procedures and use of internal medication detoxifies the body, provides nutrition and increases the elasticity of lung tissue it also develops natural immunity of the body thus decreasing episodic recurrence of the disease.

scholarly journals The Role of Th17 Response in COVID-19

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1550
Author(s):  
Diana Martonik ◽  
Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda ◽  
Magdalena Rogalska ◽  
Robert Flisiak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
System Response ◽  
Th17 Response ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Acute Infectious Disease ◽  
Cytokine Cascade ◽  
Necrosis Factor

COVID-19 is an acute infectious disease of the respiratory system caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infections occurs through droplets and contaminated objects. A rapid and well-coordinated immune system response is the first line of defense in a viral infection. However, a disturbed and over-activated immune response may be counterproductive, causing damage to the body. Severely ill patients hospitalised with COVID-19 exhibit increased levels of many cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Increasing evidence suggests that Th17 cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, not only by activating cytokine cascade but also by inducing Th2 responses, inhibiting Th1 differentiation and suppressing Treg cells. This review focuses on a Th17 pathway in the course of the immune response in COVID-19, and explores plausible targets for therapeutic intervention.

scholarly journals Fighting Oxidative Stress with Sulfur: Hydrogen Sulfide in the Renal and Cardiovascular Systems

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 373
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Scammahorn ◽  
Isabel T. N. Nguyen ◽  
Eelke M. Bos ◽  
Harry Van Goor ◽  
Jaap A. Joles
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an essential gaseous signaling molecule. Research on its role in physiological and pathophysiological processes has greatly expanded. Endogenous enzymatic production through the transsulfuration and cysteine catabolism pathways can occur in the kidneys and blood vessels. Furthermore, non-enzymatic pathways are present throughout the body. In the renal and cardiovascular system, H2S plays an important role in maintaining the redox status at safe levels by promoting scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2S also modifies cysteine residues on key signaling molecules such as keap1/Nrf2, NFκB, and HIF-1α, thereby promoting anti-oxidant mechanisms. Depletion of H2S is implicated in many age-related and cardiorenal diseases, all having oxidative stress as a major contributor. Current research suggests potential for H2S-based therapies, however, therapeutic interventions have been limited to studies in animal models. Beyond H2S use as direct treatment, it could improve procedures such as transplantation, stem cell therapy, and the safety and efficacy of drugs including NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors. All in all, H2S is a prime subject for further research with potential for clinical use.

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