scholarly journals Age‐related differences in the immune response could contribute to determine the spectrum of severity of COVID‐19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Costagliola ◽  
Erika Spada ◽  
Rita Consolini
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Age Related

Emerging Promise of Immunotherapy for Alzheimer’s Disease: A New Hope for the Development of Alzheimer’s Vaccine

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 1214-1234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Tanvir Kabir ◽  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
Bijo Mathew ◽  
Pankoj Kumar Das ◽  
Asma Perveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Aβ Oligomers ◽  
Th2 Immune Response ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and the characteristics of this devastating disorder include the progressive and disabling deficits in the cognitive functions including reasoning, attention, judgment, comprehension, memory, and language. Objective: In this article, we have focused on the recent progress that has been achieved in the development of an effective AD vaccine. Summary: Currently, available treatment options of AD are limited to deliver short-term symptomatic relief only. A number of strategies targeting amyloid-beta (Aβ) have been developed in order to treat or prevent AD. In order to exert an effective immune response, an AD vaccine should contain adjuvants that can induce an effective anti-inflammatory T helper 2 (Th2) immune response. AD vaccines should also possess the immunogens which have the capacity to stimulate a protective immune response against various cytotoxic Aβ conformers. The induction of an effective vaccine’s immune response would necessitate the parallel delivery of immunogen to dendritic cells (DCs) and their priming to stimulate a Th2-polarized response. The aforesaid immune response is likely to mediate the generation of neutralizing antibodies against the neurotoxic Aβ oligomers (AβOs) and also anti-inflammatory cytokines, thus preventing the AD-related inflammation. Conclusion: Since there is an age-related decline in the immune functions, therefore vaccines are more likely to prevent AD instead of providing treatment. AD vaccines might be an effective and convenient approach to avoid the treatment-related huge expense.

scholarly journals The role of balanced supplementation in diet of age-related macular degeneration patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Iwona Kusz vel Sobczuk ◽  
Anna Święch
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vitamin B6 ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Response Modulation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Immune Response Modulation

Aim: The aim of the article was to discuss the role of balanced supplementation in diet of age-related macular degeneration patients. Methods: This review was carried out using comprehensive and systematic literature reports on the role of supplementation of vitamin D, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, omega-3 acid and folic acid in the prevention of AMD. Results: Vitamins, minerals and carotenoids are essential for the proper retinal function over an inflammation and immune response modulation. Conclusions: Vitamins, minerals and carotenoids discussed in the article have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties in the management of AMD progression. Accordingly, it is relevant to assure the appropriate level of these nutrients in a diet of AMD patients.

scholarly journals Neuroinflammation in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Vernazza ◽  
Sara Tirendi ◽  
Anna Maria Bassi ◽  
Carlo Enrico Traverso ◽  
Sergio Claudio Saccà
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Trabecular Meshwork ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wide Range

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Increasing evidence suggests oxidative damage and immune response defects are key factors contributing to glaucoma onset. Indeed, both the failure of the trabecular meshwork tissue in the conventional outflow pathway and the neuroinflammation process, which drives the neurodegeneration, seem to be linked to the age-related over-production of free radicals (i.e., mitochondrial dysfunction) and to oxidative stress-linked immunostimulatory signaling. Several previous studies have described a wide range of oxidative stress-related makers which are found in glaucomatous patients, including low levels of antioxidant defences, dysfunction/activation of glial cells, the activation of the NF-κB pathway and the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and so on. However, the intraocular pressure is still currently the only risk factor modifiable by medication or glaucoma surgery. This present review aims to summarize the multiple cellular processes, which promote different risk factors in glaucoma including aging, oxidative stress, trabecular meshwork defects, glial activation response, neurodegenerative insults, and the altered regulation of immune response.

scholarly journals VACCINATION TO PROMOTE HEALTH THROUGHOUT LIFE AS A HEALTHY AGING STRATEGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S211-S211
Author(s):  
Leonard Friedland
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Target Antigen ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Important Progress

Abstract This symposium addresses the role of vaccination to promote healthy aging, the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability that enables wellbeing in older age. Life-span immunization of adults across all age categories can help to reduce morbidity and mortality. Healthy aging is critical for our global society to counter the surge in healthcare costs that is coming as a result of the demographic shift to older age. Immune system function and response to vaccination declines with advancing age. Generating effective immune responses against new infectious disease targets can be difficult in older individuals. Important progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying immunosenescence, the age-related decline of the immune response to infections and vaccinations. Innovative research and the development of new technologies, such as adjuvants, substances that can enhance and shape the immune response to the target antigen(s), has facilitated the development of vaccines specially tailored for adults. This evidence-based approach to the development of innovative vaccines addressing immunosenescence is an important clinically relevant healthy aging strategy to promote health throughout life.

scholarly journals Age-Related Differences in the Immune Response to Immunization With Human A 42 Peptide

2002 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. B355-B358 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pifer ◽  
J. L. Hennes ◽  
J. M. Lee ◽  
P. L. Witte
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals AGE-RELATED FEATURES OF SYSTEMIC ANTITUMOR IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY OPERABLE BREAST CANCER AND CANCER OF THE ORAL MUCOSA

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
A. I. Chertkova ◽  
T. N. Zabotina ◽  
V. T. Tsiklauri ◽  
E. N. Zakharova ◽  
D. V. Tabakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Operable Breast Cancer ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Primary Operable Breast Cancer

Introduction. Age is considered as an important clinical and pathological factor in cancer patients. Malignant tumors are more likely to develop in older people, but the disease is less aggressive than in young patients. According to various authors, the influence of age on the development of tumors largely depends on the age-related features of the immune system.The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of indicators of systemic antitumor immune response with the age of patients with primary operable breast cancer and cancer of the oral mucosa.Materials and methods. The study included patients with all subtypes of primary-operable breast cancer (n = 145) and patients with cancer of the oral mucosa (n = 29). Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes was performed using a wide panel of monoclonal antibodies to markers of adaptive and innate immunity cells.Results. In elder patients (40 years and older) with primary-operable breast cancer, the percentage of activated CD25+ lymphocytes and CD4+CD25+ and CD3+CD4+ T cells, NKT cells, activated HLA-DR+ lymphocytes, including activated CD3+HLA-DR+ T cells before treatment, was statistically significantly higher than in patients younger than 40 years. Patients of this group showed increase of CD8+CD - 11b+CD28– CTLs and a decrease in the number of naive lymphocytes (CD4 – CD62L+ and CD8+CD11b – CD28+) in comparison with control percentage, and the downward trend in CD4+CD25+CD127– Treg, with increased numbers of CD4+CD25+ T cells. In patients with cancer of the oral mucosa, an increase in the number of cells of some populations of the immune effector link and a decrease in the number of suppressor lymphocytes were revealed with age.Conclusion. The results suggest that age-related differences in the state of systemic antitumor immune response contribute to a more favorable course of breast cancer and some other malignancies in older persons. It is obvious that the features of age differences in the immune response to the tumor should be taken into account when prescribing systemic therapy, including immunotherapy.All patients gave written informed consent to participate in the study

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