scholarly journals Targeting the Autonomic Nervous System for Risk Stratification, Outcome Prediction and Neuromodulation in Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
Angelica Carandina ◽  
Giulia Lazzeri ◽  
Davide Villa ◽  
Alessio Di Fonzo ◽  
Sara Bonato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Molecular Studies

Ischemic stroke is a worldwide major cause of mortality and disability and has high costs in terms of health-related quality of life and expectancy as well as of social healthcare resources. In recent years, starting from the bidirectional relationship between autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction and acute ischemic stroke (AIS), researchers have identified prognostic factors for risk stratification, prognosis of mid-term outcomes and response to recanalization therapy. In particular, the evaluation of the ANS function through the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) appears to be a promising non-invasive and reliable tool for the management of patients with AIS. Furthermore, preclinical molecular studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the onset and progression of stroke damage have shown an extensive overlap with the activity of the vagus nerve. Evidence from the application of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on animal models of AIS and on patients with chronic ischemic stroke has highlighted the surprising therapeutic possibilities of neuromodulation. Preclinical molecular studies highlighted that the neuroprotective action of VNS results from anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic mechanisms mediated by α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Given the proven safety of non-invasive VNS in the subacute phase, the ease of its use and its possible beneficial effect in hemorrhagic stroke as well, human studies with transcutaneous VNS should be less challenging than protocols that involve invasive VNS and could be the proof of concept that neuromodulation represents the very first therapeutic approach in the ultra-early management of stroke.

scholarly journals Daily temperature dynamics of human skin representative areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
S. Goncharevskyi ◽  
V. Martynyuk
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Infrared Thermometer ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Temperature Dynamics

The main aim of our research was to study the temperature variation of representative are a soft the cranial part of the autonomic nervous system of the human skin during the day. The temperature of representative are a soft the thoracic autonomic nervous system we measured by infrared thermometer (Medisana FTO D-53340, with anaccuracy of 0.1 degree Celsius). During the study identified minimums and maximums temperatures for representative are as during the day: the hypothalamus – 13 (maximum), 3 (minimum) an hour, midbrain – 15 (maximum), 5 (minimum) an hour, pons- not found, the medulla oblongata – 9, 15 (maximum), 3.21 (minimum) an hour, the vagus nerve (right side) – 15 (maximum), 5 (at least) an hour, the vagus nerve (left side) – 15 (maximum), 21 (minimum) an hour. The presence of minimums and maximums temperature in representative areas indicates different activity related to their brain structures.

On the surgical treatment of epilepsy

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-637
Author(s):  
P. Badul
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Cervical Sympathectomy ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Treatment Of Epilepsy ◽  
Ganglion Stellatum ◽  
Rami Communicantes

On the basis of experiments on dogs the author suggests the following operations in the autonomic nervous system in epilepsy: transection of all nerves sinus caroticus, cervical sympathectomy, transection of n. vertebralis, rami communicantes ganglion stellatum and vertical branches of the vagus nerve.

Selective Unilateral Autonomic Activation: Implications for Psychiatry

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 625-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Shannahoff-Khalsa
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Autonomic Activation ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Forced Breathing ◽  
Autonomic Reflex

ABSTRACTResearch advances have led to three methods for selectively activating one half of the autonomic nervous system in humans.The first method is an ancient yogic technique called unilateral forced nostril breathing (UFNB) that employs forced breathing through only one nostril while closing off the other. The second method works by stimulation of an autonomic reflex point on the fifth intercostal space near the axilla. The most recent method employs unilateral vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) via the mid-inferior cervical branch and requires surgical implantation of a wire and pacemaker. UFNB is non-invasive and seems to selectively activate the ipsilateral branch of the sympathetic nervous system with a possible compensation effect leading to contralateral VNS. UFNB and VNS have been employed to treat psychiatric disorders. While UFNB has been studied for its potential effects on the endogenous ultradian rhythms of the autonomic and central nervous system, and their tightly coupled correlates, VNS has yet to be studied in this regard. This article reviews these three methods and discusses their similarities, putative mechanisms, their studied effects on the endogenous autonomic nervous system and central nervous system rhythms, and their implications for the treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Classification of Individuals Based on Autonomic Response to Virtual Gaming

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4385-4393
Author(s):  
S. Chandana ◽  
B. R. Purnima ◽  
Prabhu Ravikala Vittal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autonomic Response ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Non Invasive

Modern games consists of digital gaming consoles that involves interaction with a user and has an interface to generate visual feedback through 2D/3D monitor. These games have several psychological side effects like loss of spatial awareness, back pains, insomnia, addiction, aggression, stress, and hypertension. Virtual reality (VR) Gaming is one of the most emerging and novel technologies in the field of entertainment. Evaluation of this new technology has become important in order to analyze the effects of its predecessors (2D and 3D gaming). The main focus of this paper is on detection of stress levels in individuals due to VR gaming and classify them depending on their sympathetic and parasympathetic dominance. This is done through acquisition of electrocardiogram (ECG) and photo plethysmograph signals (PPG) signals and extracting their time domain and frequency domain features before, during and after gaming (Fatma Uysal and Mahmut Tokmakçi, 2018. Evaluation of stress parameters based on heart rate variability measurement. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. [email protected], [email protected]., da Silva1, A.G.C.B., Arauj, D.N., et al, 2018. Increase in perceived stress is correlated to lower heart rate variability in healthy young subjects. Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. s/n., 81531–980, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected].). The physiological signal variation is analyzed by performing Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis over ECG signals which is one of the fast emerging methods in non-invasive research and clinical tools for assessing autonomic nervous system function (Juan Sztajzel, 2004. Heart rate variability: Aa non-invasive electrocardiographic method to measure the autonomic nervous system. Cardiology Center and Medical Policlinics, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland, SWISS MED WKLY 2004;134:514–522. www.smw.ch). Pulse-transmissiontime-variability (PTTV), which is extracted, has high coherence with heart rate variability and is also used as an objective measure of stress. In this paper we obtain the response of an individual during VR gaming and correlate them with the HRV/PTT parameters. The game chosen for the data acquisition was ‘VR city view rope crossing-360 android VR,’ during which data recording is done. It was found that there was a quantitative increase in physiological stress when individuals were exposed to virtual high heights in comparison with time relative to unaltered viewing. Mean Heart rate showed a significant increase during gaming for both boys and girls which indicates that the body is under the influence of a sympathetic activity like a physical exercise.

Non-invasive brain stimulation and the autonomic nervous system

2013 ◽  
Vol 124 (9) ◽  
pp. 1716-1728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Schestatsky ◽  
Marcel Simis ◽  
Roy Freeman ◽  
Alvaro Pascual-Leone ◽  
Felipe Fregni
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Non Invasive

A multi-sensor system for the non-invasive measurement of the activity of the autonomic nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 461-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dittmar ◽  
H. Rada ◽  
G. Delhomme ◽  
E. Vernet-Maury ◽  
C. Collet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Measurement

scholarly journals Heart rate variability as an indicator of autonomic nervous system disturbance in tetanus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Hai Duong ◽  
Girmaw Abebe Tadesse ◽  
Phung Tran Huy Nhat ◽  
Nguyen Van Hao ◽  
John Prince ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Nervous System Activity ◽  
Grade 3

AbstractAutonomic nervous system dysfunction (ANSD) is a significant cause of mortality in tetanus. Currently diagnosis relies on non-specific clinical signs. Heart rate variability (HRV) may indicate underlying autonomic nervous system activity and represents a potentially valuable non-invasive tool for ANSD diagnosis in tetanus. HRV was measured from 3 5-minute ECG recordings during a 24-hour period in a cohort patients with severe tetanus, all receiving mechanical ventilation. HRV measurements from all subjects - 5 with ANSD (Ablett Grade 4) and 4 patients without ANSD (Ablett Grade 3) - showed HRV was lower than reported ranges for healthy individuals. Comparing different severities of tetanus, raw data for both time and frequency measurements of HRV were reduced in those with ANSD compared to those without. Differences were statistically significant in all except root mean square standard deviation RMSSD (p=0.07) indicating HRV may be a valuable tool in ANSD diagnosis.

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