scholarly journals Tailoring Pyro- and Orthophosphate Species to Enhance Stem Cell Adhesion to Phosphate Glasses

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 837
Author(s):  
Nigel De Melo ◽  
Lauren Murrell ◽  
Md Towhidul Islam ◽  
Jeremy J. Titman ◽  
Laura Macri-Pellizzeri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Phosphate Glasses ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Degradation Rates

Phosphate-based glasses (PBGs) offer significant therapeutic potential due to their bioactivity, controllable compositions, and degradation rates. Several PBGs have already demonstrated their ability to support direct cell growth and in vivo cytocompatibility for bone repair applications. This study investigated development of PBG formulations with pyro- and orthophosphate species within the glass system (40 − x)P2O5·(16 + x)CaO·20Na2O·24MgO (x = 0, 5, 10 mol%) and their effect on stem cell adhesion properties. Substitution of phosphate for calcium revealed a gradual transition within the glass structure from Q2 to Q0 phosphate species. Human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured directly onto discs made from three PBG compositions. Analysis of cells seeded onto the discs revealed that PBG with higher concentration of pyro- and orthophosphate content (61% Q1 and 39% Q0) supported a 4.3-fold increase in adhered cells compared to glasses with metaphosphate connectivity (49% Q2 and 51% Q1). This study highlights that tuning the composition of PBGs to possess pyro- and orthophosphate species only, enables the possibility to control cell adhesion performance. PBGs with superior cell adhesion profiles represent ideal candidates for biomedical applications, where cell recruitment and support for tissue ingrowth are of critical importance for orthopaedic interventions.

scholarly journals A simplified approach to control cell adherence on biologically derived in vitro cell culture scaffolds by direct UV-mediated RGD linkage

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Porras Hernández ◽  
H. Pohlit ◽  
F. Sjögren ◽  
L. Shi ◽  
D. Ossipov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Mouse Brain Endothelial Cells

Abstract In this work, we present a method to fabricate a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel with spatially controlled cell-adhesion properties based on photo-polymerisation cross-linking and functionalization. The approach utilises the same reaction pathway for both steps meaning that it is user-friendly and allows for adaptation at any stage during the fabrication process. Moreover, the process does not require any additional cross-linkers. The hydrogel is formed by UV-initiated radical addition reaction between acrylamide (Am) groups on the HA backbone. Cell adhesion is modulated by functionalising the adhesion peptide sequence arginine–glycine–aspartate onto the hydrogel surface via radical mediated thiol–ene reaction using the non-reacted Am groups. We show that 10 × 10 µm2 squares could be patterned with sharp features and a good resolution. The smallest area that could be patterned resulting in good cell adhesion was 25 × 25 µm2 squares, showing single-cell adhesion. Mouse brain endothelial cells adhered and remained in culture for up to 7 days on 100 × 100 µm2 square patterns. We see potential for this material combination for future use in novel organ-on-chip models and tissue engineering where the location of the cells is of importance and to further study endothelial cell biology.

scholarly journals Hedgehog signaling establishes precursors for germline stem cell niches by regulating cell adhesion

2017 ◽  
Vol 216 (5) ◽  
pp. 1439-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ming Lai ◽  
Kun-Yang Lin ◽  
Shih-Han Kao ◽  
Yi-Ning Chen ◽  
Fu Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Hedgehog Signaling ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Traffic Jam ◽  
Stem Cell Maintenance ◽  
Cell Affinity ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Cell Maintenance

Stem cells require different types of supporting cells, or niches, to control stem cell maintenance and differentiation. However, little is known about how those niches are formed. We report that in the development of the Drosophila melanogaster ovary, the Hedgehog (Hh) gradient sets differential cell affinity for somatic gonadal precursors to specify stromal intermingled cells, which contributes to both germline stem cell maintenance and differentiation niches in the adult. We also report that Traffic Jam (an orthologue of a large Maf transcription factor in mammals) is a novel transcriptional target of Hh signaling to control cell–cell adhesion by negative regulation of E-cadherin expression. Our results demonstrate the role of Hh signaling in niche establishment by segregating somatic cell lineages for differentiation.

scholarly journals The influence of structural gradients in large pore organosilica materials on the capabilities for hosting cellular communities

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (29) ◽  
pp. 17327-17335
Author(s):  
Hannah Bronner ◽  
Anna-Katharina Holzer ◽  
Alexander Finke ◽  
Marius Kunkel ◽  
Andreas Marx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Large Pore ◽  
Organosilica Materials ◽  
Community Systems

Chemical and structural gradients in biofunctionalized organosilica–polymer nanocomposites control cell adhesion properties and open perspectives for artificial cellular community systems.

Dysregulation of HOX as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Breast Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Yeon Lee ◽  
Myoung Hee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Hox Protein

: HOX genes belong to the highly conserved homeobox superfamily, responsible for the regulation of various cellular processes that control cell homeostasis, from embryogenesis to carcinogenesis. The abnormal expression of HOX genes is observed in various cancers, including breast cancer; they act as oncogenes or as suppressors of cancer, according to context. In this review, we analyze HOX gene expression patterns in breast cancer and examine their relationship, based on the three-dimensional genome structure of the HOX locus. The presence of non-coding RNAs, embedded within the HOX cluster, and the role of these molecules in breast cancer have been reviewed. We further evaluate the characteristic activity of HOX protein in breast cancer and its therapeutic potential.

Stem Cell Transplantation: A Promising Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Gong ◽  
Kaishun Xia ◽  
Ankai Xu ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
Chenggui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) causes irreversible functional loss of the affected population. The incidence of SCI keeps increasing, resulting in huge burden on the society. The pathogenesis of SCI involves neuron death and exotic reaction, which could impede neuron regeneration. In clinic, the limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells after SCI is a major problem. Recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of stem cells such as induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs) /Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) have therapeutic potential for SCI. However, the efficacy and safety of these stem cellbased therapy for SCI remain controversial. In this review, we introduce the pathogenesis of SCI, summarize the current status of the application of these stem cells in SCI repair, and discuss possible mechanisms responsible for functional recovery of SCI after stem cell transplantation. Finally, we highlight several areas for further exploitation of stem cells as a promising regenerative therapy of SCI.

scholarly journals Microgravity Induces Transient EMT in Human Keratinocytes by Early Down-Regulation of E-Cadherin and Cell-Adhesion Remodeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Giulia Ricci ◽  
Alessandra Cucina ◽  
Sara Proietti ◽  
Simona Dinicola ◽  
Francesca Ferranti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Invasive Phenotype ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
E Cadherin

Changes in cell–matrix and cell-to-cell adhesion patterns are dramatically fostered by the microgravity exposure of living cells. The modification of adhesion properties could promote the emergence of a migrating and invasive phenotype. We previously demonstrated that short exposure to the simulated microgravity of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) promotes an early epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Herein, we developed this investigation to verify if the cells maintain the acquired invasive phenotype after an extended period of weightlessness exposure. We also evaluated cells’ capability in recovering epithelial characteristics when seeded again into a normal gravitational field after short microgravity exposure. We evaluated the ultra-structural junctional features of HaCaT cells by Transmission Electron Microscopy and the distribution pattern of vinculin and E-cadherin by confocal microscopy, observing a rearrangement in cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. These results are mirrored by data provided by migration and invasion biological assay. Overall, our studies demonstrate that after extended periods of microgravity, HaCaT cells recover an epithelial phenotype by re-establishing E-cadherin-based junctions and cytoskeleton remodeling, both being instrumental in promoting a mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET). Those findings suggest that cytoskeletal changes noticed during the first weightlessness period have a transitory character, given that they are later reversed and followed by adaptive modifications through which cells miss the acquired mesenchymal phenotype.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Biological Function and Their Therapeutic Potential in Radiation Damage

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Pu ◽  
Siyang Ma ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Tiankai Xu ◽  
Pengyu Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Damage Model ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Insight Into

Radiation-induced damage is a common occurrence in cancer patients who undergo radiotherapy. In this setting, radiation-induced damage can be refractory because the regeneration responses of injured tissues or organs are not well stimulated. Mesenchymal stem cells have become ideal candidates for managing radiation-induced damage. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have a similar effect on repairing tissue damage mainly because these exosomes carry various bioactive substances, such as miRNAs, proteins and lipids, which can affect immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and cell survival and proliferation. Although the mechanisms by which mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes repair radiation damage have not been fully elucidated, we intend to translate their biological features into a radiation damage model and aim to provide new insight into the management of radiation damage.

scholarly journals β3-Adrenoreceptors as ROS Balancer in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2835
Author(s):  
Amada Pasha ◽  
Maura Calvani ◽  
Claudio Favre
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

In the last decades, the therapeutic potential of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has acquired a primary role in the management of a broad spectrum of diseases including cancer, hematologic conditions, immune system dysregulations, and inborn errors of metabolism. The different types of HSCT, autologous and allogeneic, include risks of severe complications including acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) complications, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, lung injury, and infections. Despite being a dangerous procedure, it improved patient survival. Hence, its use was extended to treat autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, malignant infantile disorders, and hereditary skeletal dysplasia. HSCT is performed to restore or treat various congenital conditions in which immunologic functions are compromised, for instance, by chemo- and radiotherapy, and involves the administration of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in patients with depleted or dysfunctional bone marrow (BM). Since HSCs biology is tightly regulated by oxidative stress (OS), the control of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels is important to maintain their self-renewal capacity. In quiescent HSCs, low ROS levels are essential for stemness maintenance; however, physiological ROS levels promote HSC proliferation and differentiation. High ROS levels are mainly involved in short-term repopulation, whereas low ROS levels are associated with long-term repopulating ability. In this review, we aim summarize the current state of knowledge about the role of β3-adrenoreceptors (β3-ARs) in regulating HSCs redox homeostasis. β3-ARs play a major role in regulating stromal cell differentiation, and the antagonist SR59230A promotes differentiation of different progenitor cells in hematopoietic tumors, suggesting that β3-ARs agonism and antagonism could be exploited for clinical benefit.

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