scholarly journals Growth Factor Applied to Oral and Regenerative Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7752
Author(s):  
Marco Cicciù
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Normal Organ ◽  
Surgical Methods

The complex tissue engineering/regenerative medicine now represents a therapeutic reality applicable to various organic substrates, with the aim of repairing deficient tissues and restoring normal organ function. Among the possible specialized uses, in the dental field, the treatment of periodontal, pre- and peri-implant bone defects should be mentioned. Nowadays, in oral surgery, there are many surgical methods that can be used, despite that the literature still seems controversial regarding the actual advantages of their use. Surely, this work will bring to light the current clinical-surgical orientations and the different perspectives.

Characterization of Tissue-Engineered Human Periosteum and Allograft Bone Constructs: The Potential of Periosteum in Bone Regenerative Medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 (2–3) ◽  
pp. 128-143
Author(s):  
Qing Yu ◽  
Robin DiFeo Jacquet ◽  
William J. Landis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Delayed Union ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Segmental Bone ◽  
First Time ◽  
Segmental Bone Defects

Delayed-union or non-union between a host bone and a graft is problematic in clinical treatment of segmental bone defects in orthopedic cases. Based on a preliminary study of human periosteum allografts from this laboratory, the present work has extensively investigated the use of human cadaveric tissue-engineered periosteum-allograft constructs as an approach to healing such serious orthopedic surgical situations. In this current report, human cadaveric periosteum-wrapped bone allografts and counterpart controls without periosteum were implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice (<i>nu/nu</i>) for 10, 20, and, for the first time, 40 weeks. Specimens were then harvested and assessed by histological and gene expression analyses. Compared to controls, the presence of new bone formation and resorption in periosteum-allograft constructs was indicated in both histology and gene expression results over 40 weeks of implantation. Of several genes also examined for the first time, <i>RANKL</i> and <i>SOST</i> expression levels increased in a statistically significant manner, data suggesting that bone formation and the presence of increasing numbers of osteocytes in bone matrices had increased with time. The tissue-engineering strategy described in this study provides a possible means of improving delayed-union or non-union at the healing sites of segmental bone defects or bone fractures. The potential of periosteum and its resident cells could thereby be utilized effectively in tissue-engineering methods and tissue regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals A Review on Commonly Used Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering for Bone Tissue Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azarmidokht Jalali Jahromi ◽  
Mahboubeh Mirhosseini ◽  
Hosein Molla Hoseini ◽  
Habib Nikukar
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Self Repair

Introduction: Bone is one of the tissues that have a true potential for regeneration. However, sometimes the bone defects are so outsized that there is no chance of bone self-repair and restoration or the damage is such that it is not possible to repair with medical or surgical interventions. In these situations, bone grafts are the treatment of choice, but due to several obstacles, including limitation in graft preparation and immunological incompatibility, bone grafts face some limitations. In these cases, with the help of regenerative medicine, the bone damages could be repaired. Regenerative medicine provides a new approach for large bone defects by cell therapy and tissue engineering. As, sometime the damaged tissues are so wide that there is no chance of self-repair, the engineered structures help to accelerate the tissue natural repairing. This review focuses on the importance of stem cells and scaffolding for bone tissue engineering. Also, the important characteristics of bone tissue engineered scaffolds like structure, porosity, stability, surface chemistry, bone induction and different met hods of scaffold fabrication are discussed. Up to now, various natural and synthet ic compounds were used for bone tissue engineering, including biopolymers, which are categorized to natural, synthet ic and ceramics. Bioceramics work as effective compound scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. From them bioglasses are one of the important materials which enhance the attachment, proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. Therefore, the current paper discussed biopolymers, as the effective compounds for regeneration of bone tissue.

The Future of Transplant Biology and Surgery

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Colaco ◽  
Anthony Atala
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Cell Isolation ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Organ Function ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Future

Although organ transplantation remains the mainstay of treatment for patients with severely compromised organ function, with the growing number of patients in need of treatment and the lack of organ supply, medical scientists have begun seeking out alternatives. In the last two decades, researchers have attempted to grow native and stem cells, engineer tissues, and design treatment modalities using regenerative medicine techniques for almost every tissue of the human body. This chapter discusses the basics of tissue engineering, including cell isolation and biomaterial selection. It then outlines specific advances and potential surgical uses. This review contains 9 figures, 2 tables, and 135 references.

Tissue engineering in regenerative medicine

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Barbara Różalska ◽  
Bartłomiej Micota ◽  
Małgorzata Paszkiewicz ◽  
Beata Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Regenerative Medicine

Graphene and Graphene-Based Materials in Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (38) ◽  
pp. 6834-6850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Omaish Ansari ◽  
Kalamegam Gauthaman ◽  
Abdurahman Essa ◽  
Sidi A. Bencherif ◽  
Adnan Memic
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Drug And Gene Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Fields

: Nanobiotechnology has huge potential in the field of regenerative medicine. One of the main drivers has been the development of novel nanomaterials. One developing class of materials is graphene and its derivatives recognized for their novel properties present on the nanoscale. In particular, graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials have been shown to have excellent electrical, mechanical, optical and thermal properties. Due to these unique properties coupled with the ability to tune their biocompatibility, these nanomaterials have been propelled for various applications. Most recently, these two-dimensional nanomaterials have been widely recognized for their utility in biomedical research. In this review, a brief overview of the strategies to synthesize graphene and its derivatives are discussed. Next, the biocompatibility profile of these nanomaterials as a precursor to their biomedical application is reviewed. Finally, recent applications of graphene-based nanomaterials in various biomedical fields including tissue engineering, drug and gene delivery, biosensing and bioimaging as well as other biorelated studies are highlighted.

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