scholarly journals Genomics-Enabled Analysis of Puroindoline b2 Genes Identifies New Alleles in Wheat and Related Triticeae Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Li ◽  
Yin Li ◽  
Xiaofen Yu ◽  
Fusheng Sun ◽  
Guangxiao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Basis ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Phylogenetic Cluster ◽  
Hardness Locus ◽  
Triticeae Species ◽  
Allele Specific

Kernel hardness is a key trait of wheat seeds, largely controlled by two tightly linked genes Puroindoline a and b (Pina and Pinb). Genes homologous to Pinb, namely Pinb2, have been studied. Whether these genes contribute to kernel hardness and other important seed traits remains inconclusive. Using the high-quality bread wheat reference genome, we show that PINB2 are encoded by three homoeologous loci Pinb2 not syntenic to the Hardness locus, with Pinb2-7A locus containing three tandem copies. PINB2 proteins have several features conserved for the Pin/Pinb2 phylogenetic cluster but lack a structural basis of significant impact on kernel hardness. Pinb2 are seed-specifically expressed with varied expression levels between the homoeologous copies and among wheat varieties. Using the high-quality genome information, we developed new Pinb2 allele specific markers and demonstrated their usefulness by 1) identifying new Pinb2 alleles in Triticeae species; and 2) performing an association analysis of Pinb2 with kernel hardness. The association result suggests that Pinb2 genes may have no substantial contribution to kernel hardness. Our results provide new insights into Pinb2 evolution and expression and the new allele-specific markers are useful to further explore Pinb2’s contribution to seed traits in wheat.

Evaluation of spring soft wheat varieties and zonal features of seed production in the Altai Territory

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
S. V. Zharkova ◽  
E. I. Dvornikova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
High Quality Seed

One of the leading grain crops in Russia is spring wheat. This is a strategic food crop of our country; it is also an important component in the structure of forage crops for monogastric animals, such as pigs and poultry. The purpose of the research was to evaluate spring soft wheat varieties of different maturity groups in order to identify genotypes as the starting material for obtaining varieties adapted to the cultivation zones, and to determine the areas optimal for the production of grain for seed purposes with high quality indicators. Field studies have been carried out in three ecologically different zones: the Priobskaya zone, the Prialtaiskaya zone, and the Prisalairskaya zone. Under the conditions of the Altai Territory, genetic sources of spring soft wheat have been identifi ed for different soil and climatic parameters of the study zones, the use of which will allow obtaining high-yielding varieties with high quality grain for specific cultivation conditions. The variability of the indicators of the characteristics of varieties in three ecologically different zones has been determined. The indicators of adaptability and stability of spring soft wheat varieties in different zones of cultivation have been determined. The optimal zones for conducting breeding work and seed production of varieties have been identifi ed. New scientific data on the quality parameters of seed grain in various agro-climatic zones of the Altai Territory have been obtained. The share of the contribution of the factors “variety”, “year”, “environment” to the variability of grain quality characteristics has been established. The economic efficiency of cultivating varieties of spring soft wheat for the production of high-quality seed grain has been determined.

scholarly journals Flour quality and kernel hardness connection in winter wheat

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Szabó ◽  
E. Gyimes ◽  
A. Véha ◽  
Zs. H. Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Kernel Texture ◽  
Size Index ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elastic Characteristics

Abstract Kernel hardness is controlled by friabilin protein and it depends on the relation between protein matrix and starch granules. Friabilin is present in high concentration in soft grain varieties and in low concentration in hard grain varieties. The high gluten, hard wheat our generally contains about 12.0–13.0% crude protein under Mid-European conditions. The relationship between wheat protein content and kernel texture is usually positive and kernel texture influences the power consumption during milling. Hard-textured wheat grains require more grinding energy than soft-textured grains. The aim of our research was to determine the possible relationship between kernel hardness and various other parameters of the our (dough visco-elastic characteristics, wet gluten, water absorption, our recovery, alveograph). We used Perten SKCS 4100 to determine the kernel hardness, while the Perten 3303 mill was used to establish Particle Size Index (PSI). Registered and widely used Hungarian wheat varieties (7 of HRWW and 4 of SRWW) were applied in the study. Twin correlations were used to determine the relationship among the various traits. According to the results, there is a very strong correlation between milling energy and kernel hardness (r = 0:99): The correlation between hardness index and the examined our parameters was also significant (r = 0:81–0:87). We found strong correlation between the milling energy and water absorption (r = 0:88) of our. The associations found in this study will help the better understanding of the technological aspects concerning wheat grain and our quality.

scholarly journals Mediation of a GDSL Esterase/Lipase in Carotenoid Esterification in Tritordeum Suggests a Common Mechanism of Carotenoid Esterification in Triticeae Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Requena-Ramírez ◽  
Sergio G. Atienza ◽  
Dámaso Hornero-Méndez ◽  
Cristina Rodríguez-Suárez
Keyword(s):  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Cysteine Substitution ◽  
Triticeae Species ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Strong Candidate

Carotenoids are essential in human diet, so that the development of programs toward carotenoid enhancement has been promoted in several crops. The cereal tritordeum, the amphiploid derived from the cross between Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schulz. and durum wheat has a remarkable carotenoid content in the endosperm. Besides, a high proportion of these carotenoids are esterified with fatty acids. The identification of the gene(s) responsible for xanthophyll esterification would be useful for breeding as esterified carotenoids show an increased ability to accumulate within plant cells and have a higher stability during post-harvest storage. In this work, we analyzed five genes identified as candidates for coding the xanthophyll acyltransferase (XAT) enzyme responsible for lutein esterification in H. chilense genome. All these genes were expressed during grain development in tritordeum, but only HORCH7HG021460 was highly upregulated. Sequence analysis of HORCH7HG021460 revealed a G-to-T transversion, causing a Glycine to Cysteine substitution in the protein of H290 (the only accession not producing quantifiable amounts of lutein esters, hereinafter referred as zero-ester) of H. chilense compared to the esterifying genotypes. An allele-specific marker was designed for the SNP detection in the H. chilense diversity panel. From the 93 accessions, only H290 showed the T allele and the zero-ester phenotype. Furthermore, HORCH7HG021460 is the orthologue of XAT-7D, which encodes a XAT enzyme responsible for carotenoid esterification in wheat. Thus, HORCH7HG021460 (XAT-7Hch) is a strong candidate for lutein esterification in H. chilense and tritordeum, suggesting a common mechanism of carotenoid esterification in Triticeae species. The transference of XAT-7Hch to wheat may be useful for the enhancement of lutein esters in biofortification programs.

PCR analysis of the wheat varieties and near-isogenic wheat lines with the use of allele-specific primers for the Gli-1 and Glu-3 loci

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-353
Author(s):  
A. M. Polishchuk ◽  
S. V. Chebotar ◽  
E. M. Blagodarova ◽  
N. A. Kozub ◽  
I. A. Sozinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Allele Specific ◽  
Gli 1 ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Triticum spelta: Origin, biological characteristics and perspectives for use in breeding and agriculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Babenko ◽  
H. M. Hospodarenko ◽  
R. V. Rozhkov ◽  
Y. F. Pariy ◽  
M. F. Pariy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Biological Characteristics ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Triticum Spelta ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Hulled Wheat

In today’s wheat production, the trends focused on the revival, selection and implementation of forgotten regional grain crops, the so-called "antique" cereals, have been clearly identified. One of these is the ancient hexaploid species of wheat – spelt (Triticum spelta). One of the main reasons that have contributed to the revival of this type of wheat in recent years is its tolerance to growing conditions and capacity to endure the natural and climatic factors of the environment, which allows it to be grown without an excessive use of plant protection products. It is precisely because of this feature that hulled wheat is referred to as "environmentally friendly”. Spelt is capable of yielding stable crops without strict adherence to the production technology and may be a great alternative to soft wheat. The growth in demand for this crop is also due to a complex of economic and valuable traits inherited from its wild ancestors. This review analyzes and summarizes the information about the origin of spelt, presents biological characteristics, discusses the perspectives for using the species in breeding work when implementing interspecific hybridization and compares the structure and genome evolution. The achievements on the revival of spelt as an independent species and its use as a source of economic and valuable traits in breeding programs of crosses with soft wheat are highlighted, examples of successful use of the economic and valuable traits of spelt for the improvement and creation of new high-quality wheat varieties are presented. Data on this superiority of grain from this species over that of genetically close wheat species are presented. The varietals’ characteristics for spelt varieties of Ukrainian selection are given. Such important spelt characteristics as resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, high quality grain composition and yield have been analyzed.

Puroindoline allele diversity in Canadian and northern US hard spring wheat varieties differing in kernel hardness

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Matus-Cádiz ◽  
C. J. Pozniak ◽  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Hardness ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Allele Composition ◽  
End Use ◽  
Hard Spring Wheat

Kernel hardness, one of the most important factors in determining the end-use suitability of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is largely influenced by puroindoline proteins a (PINA) and b (PINB). Soft texture is wildtype (Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a) with hard texture being determined by either Pina-D1 gene deletion or point mutations in Pinb-D1a. The objectives of this study were to determine kernel hardness indices (HI) and Pina-D1/Pinb-D1 allelic diversity in a diverse set of 81 Canadian (representing eight wheat classes) and 49 US hard spring wheat varieties. Varieties were grouped into two experimental sets grown in replicated trials in 2004–2006 at Saskatoon, SK. Variation existed among varieties with HI means ranging from 21.7 (CDC Zorba) to 72.7 (AC Morse) in exp. 1 and from 25.0 (HY320) to 66.1 (Norlander) in exp. 2. Only AC Andrew, CDC Zorba, and Red Fife were soft kernel textured and carried the wildtype Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a alleles. The majority of Canadian varieties were Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1b (69%), while a greater frequency of US varieties was Pina-D1b/Pinb-D1a (55%). Only four varieties, all from Quebec-based breeding programs, carried the Pinb-D1c allele. On average, varieties with the Pina-D1b allele had significantly harder kernels than those carrying the Pinb-D1b mutation. Durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) varieties, included as hard-kernelled controls, possessed significantly harder kernels (average HI = 71.2) than spring wheat varieties with Pina-D1b (65.3). Varieties carrying Pina-D1b (null PINA) were harder than those carrying hardness mutations at the Pinb-D1 locus, but considerable overlap in hardness was evident among genotypic classes. This work represents the first extensive Pin genotyping combined with HI phenotyping survey of Canadian wheat varieties, which is expected to aid breeders in understanding how Pina-D1/Pinb-D1 allele composition is currently associated with kernel hardness across Canadian wheat classes. Key words: Triticum aestivum, kernel hardness, puroindolines

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES FOR WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES ESTIMATING IN THE JSC SCHELKOVO AGROKHIM ENVIRONMENTAL TEST SYSTEM

1970 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
S. D. Karakotov ◽  
А. I. Pryanishnikov ◽  
V. M. Kosolapov ◽  
V. I. Zotikov ◽  
А. V. Titarenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Test System ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Single System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
High Productivity

Based on multi-location tests with different edaphic and climatic conditions and process approaches to the cultivation of field crops (Oryol, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Voronezh), the article dwells on the algorithm of a systemic approach to studying the individual characteristics of 17 varieties and samples of winter wheat, and shows the principles of their selection to form a single system for the purpose of stabilising the production of high-quality grain. Ecological approaches to the assessment of individual characteristics of different wheat varieties allowed identifying bottleneck issues related to the implementation of their adaptive potential, behaviour in the single system of agrobiogeocenosis, specifying the influence of the genotype–environment interaction on the manifestation of individual characteristics. The understanding of these issues makes it possible to develop a process sequence beneficial for the formation of genotypes with high productivity. Following the analysis, the breeds Leonida, Grom and Nemchinovskaya 85 wheat varieties were identified as promising for production in Central Russia. They showed high productivity and proved to be close in terms of sensitivity to growing conditions. In addition, a new wheat variety, Nemchinovskaya 85, demonstrated high quality of grain product. Izumrud Dubovitskogo and DF2020 varieties were distinguished by a high level of adaptive properties, expressed as their superiority in severe conditions of the Volga region and regions with a low level of soil moisture during grain filling. The study also suggests high processability and narrow limits of ecosystem boundaries when using Stork and Sineva wheat varieties in production, which most fully implemented their potential only in the system of intensive cultivation technologies with moderate to increased soil-moisture regimen in the second half of the vegetation season.

scholarly journals Traits to Differentiate Lineages and Subspecies of Aegilops tauschii, the D Genome Progenitor Species of Bread Wheat

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Mazin Mahjoob Mohamed Mahjoob ◽  
Tai-Shen Chen ◽  
Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi ◽  
Yuji Yamasaki ◽  
Nasrein Mohamed Kamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Entire Range ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Quality ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Physiological Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Cluster ◽  
High Quality Snps ◽  
Genome Donor ◽  
Passport Data

Aegilops tauschii Coss., the D genome donor of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), is the most promising resource used to broaden the genetic diversity of wheat. Taxonomical studies have classified Ae. tauschii into two subspecies, ssp. tauschii and ssp. strangulata. However, molecular analysis revealed three distantly related lineages, TauL1, TauL2 and TauL3. TauL1 and TauL3 includes the only ssp. tauschii, whereas TauL2 includes both subspecies. This study aimed to clarify the phylogeny of Ae. tauschii and to find the traits that can differentiate between TauL1, TauL2 and TauL3, or between ssp. tauschii and ssp. strangulata. We studied the genetic and morpho-physiological diversity in 293 accessions of Ae. tauschii, covering the entire range of the species. A total of 5880 high-quality SNPs derived from DArTseq were used for phylogenetic cluster analyses. As a result, we observed wide morpho-physiological variation in each lineage and subspecies. Despite this variation, no key traits can discriminate lineages or subspecies though some traits were significantly different. Of 124 accessions previously lacking the passport data, 66 were allocated to TauL1, 57 to TauL2, and one to TauL3.

scholarly journals SOURCES OF HIGH-QUALITY GRAIN IN WINTER COMMON WHEAT BREEDING

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
N.I. Sokolenko ◽  
◽  
N.A. Galushko ◽  
N.M. Komarov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Gluten Content

Research on improving winter common wheat varieties in the context of combining high yield and grain quality is relevant. The research aimed to evaluate and select variety samples of winter common wheat with high technological indicators of grain quality for breeding purposes. In this study, we analyzed grain from 10 variety samples of the world collection; winter wheat grain of variety ‘Aivina’ served as a standard. Soil – ordinary medium-loamy medium-thick low-humus chernozem. Wheat was grown on the experimental fields of the North Caucasus FARC in the zone with unstable moistening on bare fallow. Grain vitreousness percentage in 2019 ranged between 44.0 and 53.0 %, in 2020 – 30.5–50.0 %. In the same years, this indicator for variety-standard ‘Aivina’ was 56.0 and 48.0 %, respectively. The gluten content in the grain depended on the weather conditions and genotype. Grain of all varieties harvested in 2019, including standard ‘Aivina’, had a high gluten content (28.2–35.6 %) and corresponded to strong wheat. In 2020, the situation was absolutely different. The amount of gluten in the grain of variety samples harvested in 2020 ranged between 22.9 and 34.6 %; for ‘Aivina’, this indicator reached 26.9 %. The gluten quality in all variety samples during the years of research was typical for class 2. The variety samples were characterized by a high protein content in the grain – 16.7–20.8 % and 13.5–20.4 %; the same indicator for ‘Aivina’ was 16.7 and 15.8 %. Sedimentation rate in the variety samples was 50–81 ml and 34–64 ml; in ‘Aivina’ – 50 and 43 ml. Maximum sedimentation values were noted for the variety ‘Prestizh’. It indicates the ability to form grain, the strength of which is typical for wheat-improver. The correlation between sedimentation and gluten content (r = 0.63), as well as between sedimentation and the falling number (r = 0.73), was positive and significant during the years of research. All studied genotypes are promising for breeding new wheat varieties as sources for obtaining high-quality grain.

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