scholarly journals Oral Administration of Lactobacillus Casei Expressing Flagellin A Protein Confers Effective Protection against Aeromonas Veronii in Common Carp, Cyprinus Carpio

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Jia-Xin Tian ◽  
Yuan-Huan Kang ◽  
Guo-Sheng Chu ◽  
Hong-Jian Liu ◽  
Yi-Di Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Mucosal Vaccine ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cell Immune Response ◽  
Aeromonas Veronii

Aeromonas veronii is a pathogen capable of infecting humans, livestock and aquatic animals, resulting in serious economic losses. In this study, two recombinant Lactobacillus casei expressing flagellin A (FlaA) of A. veronii, Lc-pPG-1-FlaA (surface-displayed) and Lc-pPG-2-FlaA (secretory) were constructed. The immune responses in fish administered with recombinant L. casei were evaluated. The two recombinant L. casei were orally administered to common carp, which stimulated high serum IgM and induced higher ACP, AKP, SOD and LYZ activity. Using qRT-PCR, the expression of IL-10, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ in the tissue of fish immunized with recombinant L. casei was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated, which indicated that recombinant L. casei could activate the innate immune system to trigger the cell immune response and inflammatory response. Furthermore, recombinant L. casei was able to survive the intestinal environment and colonize in intestine mucosal. The study showed that after being challenged by A. veronii, fish administered with Lc-pPG-1-FlaA (70%) and Lc-pPG-2-FlaA (50%) had higher survival rates compared to Lc-pPG and PBS, indicating that recombinant L. casei might prevent A. veronii infection by activating the immune system to trigger immune responses. We demonstrated that flagellin as an antigen of vaccine, is acceptable for preventing A. veronii infection in fish. The recombinant L. casei expressing FlaA may be a novel mucosal vaccine for treating and controlling A. veronii.

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of Recombinant-Deficient Lactobacillus casei with Complementary Plasmid Expressing Alanine Racemase Gene and Core Neutralizing Epitope Antigen against Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Fengsai Li ◽  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Fan ◽  
Ling Sui ◽  
Hailin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Mucosal Vaccine ◽  
Alanine Racemase ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Neutralizing Epitope ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), which is caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), has occurred worldwide and poses a serious threat to the pig industry. Intestine is the main function site of PEDV; therefore, it is important to develop an oral mucosal immunity vaccine against this virus infection. Most traditional plasmid delivery vectors use antibiotic genes as a selective marker, easily leading to antibiotic accumulation and gene contamination. In this study, to explore whether the alanine racemase gene (Alr) could be used as a screening marker and develop an efficient oral vaccine against PEDV infection, a recombinant strain was constructed using Lactobacillus casei with Alr deletion (L. casei ΔAlr W56) to deliver the Alr gene and a core-neutralizing epitope (COE) antigen. This recombinant bacterium efficiently induced secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA)-based mucosal and immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based humoral immune responses via oral vaccination in mice. Compared to the other strains, the recombinant bacteria were able to grow without the addition of D-alanine, revealing that Alr in the plasmid could function normally in defective bacteria. This oral mucosal vaccine would provide a useful strategy to substitute the application of antibiotics in the future and induce efficient immune responses against PEDV infection.

scholarly journals Inactivated Pseudomonas PE(ΔIII) exotoxin fused to neutralizing epitopes of PEDV S proteins produces a specific immune response in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leqiang Sun ◽  
Yajie Tang ◽  
Keji Yan ◽  
Huanchun Chen ◽  
Huawei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Mucosal Vaccine ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
B Subunit ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea

AbstractPorcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is a severe infectious and devastating swine disease that leads to serious economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. An increased number of PED cases caused by variant PEDV have been reported in many countries since 2010. S protein is the main immunogenic protein containing some B-cell epitopes that can induce neutralizing antibodies of PEDV. In this study, the construction, expression and purification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A (PE) without domain III (PEΔIII) as a vector was performed for the delivery of PEDV S-A or S-B. PE(ΔIII) PEDV S-A and PE(ΔIII) PEDV S-B recombinant proteins were confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. The immunogenicity of PEDV S-A and PEDV S-B subunit vaccines were evaluated in mice. The results showed that PEDV-S-B vaccine could not only induce specific humoral and Th1 type-dominant cellular immune responses, but also stimulate PEDV-specific mucosal immune responses in mice. PEDV-S-B subunit vaccine is a novel candidate mucosal vaccine against PEDV infection.

Immune response in nasopharynx, lung, and blood elicited by experimental nasal pneumococcal vaccines containing live or heat-killed lactobacilli as mucosal adjuvants

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa O. Vintiñi ◽  
Marcela Medina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Pneumococcal Antigen ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Blood Profiles

This work analyzes the humoral and cellular immune responses induced by live (LcV) and heat-killed (LcM) Lactobacillus casei associated with the pneumococcal antigen (P-Ag) at the nasopharynx level, considering nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) as the primary inductive site of the mucosal immune system, and lung and blood as effector sites. Levels of P-Ag IgA and IgG antibodies, main types of B and T cells, and cytokines in mucosal and systemic compartments were evaluated. The results showed that both LcM+P-Ag and LcV+P-Ag vaccines effectively induced IgA and IgG anti-P-Ag Abs in the upper and lower respiratory tract and plasma. These results correlated with increased IgA+ cells in NALT and lung that was induced by the experimental vaccines. Moreover, numbers of IgG+ cells increased in the blood. Profiles of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines were evaluated and their possible implications for the defense against pneumococci was assessed. Considering the overall results, the potential mechanisms of immune stimulation induced by LcM and LcV used as adjuvants are discussed. LcV and LcM showed similar effects on the immune system. Strain viability is not crucial for the stimulation of the antigen-specific immune response, and LcM is a convenient and effective mucosal adjuvant.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and the Immune System

2020 ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
J PACES ◽  
Z STRIZOVA ◽  
D SMRZ ◽  
J CERNY
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Virus Clearance

A close interaction between the virus SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system of an individual results in a diverse clinical manifestation of the COVID-19 disease. While adaptive immune responses are essential for SARS-CoV-2 virus clearance, the innate immune cells, such as macrophages, may contribute, in some cases, to the disease progression. Macrophages have shown a significant production of IL-6, suggesting they may contribute to the excessive inflammation in COVID-19 disease. Macrophage Activation Syndrome may further explain the high serum levels of CRP, which are normally lacking in viral infections. In adaptive immune responses, it has been revealed that cytotoxic CD8+ T cells exhibit functional exhaustion patterns, such as the expression of NKG2A, PD-1, and TIM-3. Since SARS-CoV-2 restrains antigen presentation by downregulating MHC class I and II molecules and, therefore, inhibits the T cell-mediated immune responses, humoral immune responses also play a substantial role. Specific IgA response appears to be stronger and more persistent than the IgM response. Moreover, IgM and IgG antibodies show similar dynamics in COVID-19 disease.

Impact of feed-borne mycotoxins on avian cell-mediated and humoral immune responses

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Girish ◽  
T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Bursa Of Fabricius ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Lymphocyte Proliferation Response

Mycotoxins of economic importance in poultry production are mainly produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium fungi. The important mycotoxins in poultry production are aflatoxins, ochratoxins, trichothecenes, zearalenone and fumonisins. Mycotoxins exert their immunotoxic effects through various mechanisms which are manifested as reduced response of the immune system. Mycotoxin-induced immunosuppression in poultry may be manifested as decreased antibody production to antigens (e.g. sheep red blood cells) and impaired delayed hypersensitivity response (e.g. dinitrochlorobenzene), reduction in systemic bacterial clearance (e.g. Salmonella, Brucella, Listeria and Escherichia), lymphocyte proliferation (response to mitogens), macrophage phagocytotic ability, and alterations in CD4+/CD8+ ratio, immune organ weights (spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius), and histological changes (lymphocyte depletion, degeneration and necrosis). Mycotoxins, especially fumonisin B1 have been shown to down regulate proinflammatory cytokine levels including those of interferon (IFN)-γ, IFN-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-2 in broiler chickens. Fusarium mycotoxins exert part of their toxic effects by altering cytokine production in poultry. Mycotoxins adversely affect intestinal barrier functions by reducing the intestinal epithelial integrity and removing tight junction proteins. Apoptosis, increased colonisation of pathogenic microorganisms, cytotoxicity and oxidative stress, inhibition of protein synthesis and lipid peroxidation are characteristic of the toxic effects of mycotoxins on intestinal epithelium. These directly or indirectly affect host immune responses. Such immunotoxic effects of mycotoxins render poultry susceptible to many infectious diseases. The avian immune system is sensitive to most mycotoxins. Both cell-mediated and humoral immunity may be adversely affected after feeding mycotoxins to poultry. The avian immune system may be more sensitive to naturally contaminated feedstuffs because of the presence of multiple mycotoxins and the complex interactions between them which can cause severe adverse effects. Adverse effects of mycotoxins on the immune system reduce production and performance resulting in economic losses to poultry industries. Caution must be exercised while feeding grains contaminated with mycotoxins.

OmpW expressed by recombinant Lactobacillus casei elicits protective immunity against Aeromonas veronii in common carp

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 103552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Zhenxing Li ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Jiaxin Tian ◽  
Kaixiang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Aeromonas Veronii

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cellular Immunity with ASFV Infection by Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA)—Peptide Tetramers

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2264
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Sun ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Wenhui Fan ◽  
Lihong He ◽  
Teng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cell Immune Response ◽  
Swine Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes acute hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs and wild boars, resulting in incalculable economic losses to the pig industry. As the mechanism of viral infection is not clear, protective antigens have not been discovered or identified. In this study, we determined that the p30, pp62, p72, and CD2v proteins were all involved in the T cell immune response of live pigs infected with ASFV, among which p72 and pp62 proteins were the strongest. Panoramic scanning was performed on T cell epitopes of the p72 protein, and three high-frequency positive epitopes were selected to construct a swine leukocyte antigen (SLA)-tetramer, and ASFV-specific T cells were detected. Subsequently, the specific T cell and humoral immune responses of ASFV-infected pigs and surviving pigs were compared. The results demonstrate that the specific T cellular immunity responses gradually increased during the infection and were higher than that in the surviving pigs in the late stages of infection. The same trend was observed in specific humoral immune responses, which were highest in surviving pigs. In general, our study provides key information for the exploration of ASFV-specific immune responses and the development of an ASFV vaccine.

scholarly journals Dendritic Cell Targeting of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E2 Protein Expressed by Lactobacillus casei Effectively Induces Antigen-Specific Immune Responses via Oral Vaccination

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixin Wang ◽  
Baohua Feng ◽  
Chao Niu ◽  
Shuo Jia ◽  
Chao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhea caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important disease in cattle, resulting in significant economic losses to the cattle industry worldwide. In order to develop an effective vaccine against BVDV infection, we constructed a dendritic cell (DC)-targeting oral probiotic vaccine (pPG-E2-DCpep/LC W56) using Lactobacillus casei as antigen delivery carrier to express BVDV glycoprotein E2 fused with DC-targeting peptide, and the immunogenicity of orally administered probiotic vaccine was evaluated in mice model. Our results showed that after immunization with the probiotic vaccine, significantly levels of antigen-specific sera IgG and mucosal sIgA antibodies (p < 0.05) with BVDV-neutralizing activity were induced in vivo. Challenge experiment showed that pPG-E2-DCpep/LC W56 can provide effective immune protection against BVDV, and BVDV could be effectively cleared from the intestine of immunized mice post-challenge. Moreover, the pPG-E2-DCpep/LC W56 could efficiently activate DCs in the intestinal Peyer’s patches, and significantly levels of lymphoproliferative responses, Th1-associated IFN-γ, and Th2-associated IL-4 were observed in mice immunized with pPG-E2-DCpep/LC W56 (p < 0.01). Our results clearly demonstrate that the probiotic vaccine could efficiently induce anti-BVDV mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses via oral immunization, indicating a promising strategy for the development of oral vaccine against BVDV.

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