scholarly journals Importance of the Interaction between Heading Date Genes Hd1 and Ghd7 for Controlling Yield Traits in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Hua Zhang ◽  
Yu-Jun Zhu ◽  
Shi-Lin Wang ◽  
Ye-Yang Fan ◽  
Jie-Yun Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Appropriate flowering time is crucial for successful grain production, which relies on not only the action of individual heading date genes, but also the gene-by-gene interactions. In this study, influences of interaction between Hd1 and Ghd7 on flowering time and yield traits were analyzed using near isogenic lines derived from a cross between indica rice cultivars ZS97 and MY46. In the non-functional ghd7ZS97 background, the functional Hd1ZS97 allele promoted flowering under both the natural short-day (NSD) conditions and natural long-day (NLD) conditions. In the functional Ghd7MY46 background, Hd1ZS97 remained to promote flowering under NSD conditions, but repressed flowering under NLD conditions. For Ghd7, the functional Ghd7MY46 allele repressed flowering under both conditions, which was enhanced in the functional Hd1ZS97 background under NLD conditions. With delayed flowering, spikelet number and grain weight increased under both conditions, but spikelet fertility and panicle number fluctuated. Rice lines carrying non-functional hd1MY46 and functional Ghd7MY46 alleles had the highest grain yield under both conditions. These results indicate that longer growth duration for a larger use of available temperature and light does not always result in higher grain production. An optimum heading date gene combination needs to be carefully selected for maximizing grain yield in rice.

Genome-wide association study of flowering time and grain yield traits in a worldwide collection of rice germplasm

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuehui Huang ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Xinghua Wei ◽  
Canyang Li ◽  
Ahong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Association Study ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Genome Wide

INHERITANCE OF A SOYBEAN FLOWERING RESPONSE TO FLUORESCENT-DAYLENGTH CONDITIONS

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Buzzell
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Dominant Allele ◽  
Flowering Response ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Delayed Flowering

The inheritance of flowering time was studied in the short-day soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr., under long-day conditions in the greenhouse using natural day length extended to 20 hours with cool-white fluorescent light. A single, major gene with two alleles was found to control the flowering response. The dominant allele which gave a fluorescent-sensitive response of delayed flowering also resulted in later field maturity whereas the recessive allele which gave an insensitive response resulted in earlier maturity. The maturity symbols E3 and e3 are proposed for these alleles. Isolines have been developed.

scholarly journals Identification of good combiners in early maturing × high yielding cultivars of Indica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Ravi P Singh ◽  
Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Additive Genes

Line × tester analysis involving seven early maturing lines and four high yielding testers, made to produce 28 F1s hybrids. The F1 data revealed that both additive and non-additive gene were important in controlling yield contribution in Indica rice. Variances were significant for GCA and SCA effects for all the characters indicating the significance of both additive and non-additive genes. There was high proportion of non-additive genes for the expression of different traits. Cultivars Anjali, MTU-7029 and BPT-5204 were identified as best general combiners for yield and yield traits among the parents. The most promising specific combiners for grain yield and its contributing traits were Govind × HUR 105, NDR 97 × HUR 4-3, Anjali × HUR 4-3, NDR 97 × MTU 7029, Vandana × BPT 5204, Shanthi × HUR 105, Anjali × MTU 7029 and Shanthi × BPT 5204. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i2.18026 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(2): 247-255, 2013 (December)

scholarly journals Maturity2, a novel regulator of flowering time in Sorghum bicolor, increases expression of SbPRR37 and SbCO in long days delaying flowering

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Casto ◽  
Ashley J. Mattison ◽  
Sara N. Olson ◽  
Manish Thakran ◽  
William L. Rooney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Positional Cloning ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
C4 Grass ◽  
Lysine Methyltransferase ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractSorghum bicolor is a drought-resilient facultative short-day C4 grass that is grown for grain, forage, and biomass. Adaptation of sorghum for grain production in temperate regions resulted in the selection of mutations in Maturity loci (Ma1 – Ma6) that reduced photoperiod sensitivity and resulted in earlier flowering in long days. Prior studies identified the genes associated with Ma1 (PRR37), Ma3 (PHYB), Ma5 (PHYC) and Ma6 (GHD7) and characterized their role in the flowering time regulatory pathway. The current study focused on understanding the function and identity of Ma2. Ma2 delayed flowering in long days by selectively enhancing the expression of SbPRR37 (Ma1) and SbCO, genes that co-repress the expression of SbCN12, a source of florigen. Genetic analysis identified epistatic interactions between Ma2 and Ma4 and located QTL corresponding to Ma2 on SBI02 and Ma4 on SBI10. Positional cloning and whole genome sequencing identified a candidate gene for Ma2, Sobic.002G302700, which encodes a SET and MYND (SYMD) domain lysine methyltransferase. Nine sorghum genotypes previously identified as recessive for Ma2 contained the mutated version of Sobic.002G302700 present in 80M (ma2).

scholarly journals RNA-Seq Analysis of Gene Expression Changes Related to Delay of Flowering Time under Drought Stress in Tropical Maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4273
Author(s):  
Kyung-Hee Kim ◽  
Kitae Song ◽  
Jeong-Min Park ◽  
Jae-Yoon Kim ◽  
Byung-Moo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Few studies have reported on the flowering time mechanism of tropical maize under short-day conditions. Drought, another important factor that affects flowering time, has been reported to delay the silking date in tropical maize. However, due to the lack of genetic information related to flowering in maize, the mechanism by which drought delays flowering is unclear. To further understand this process, we analyzed drought-responsive genes using RNA sequencing and identified genes related to flowering time, including contigs from de novo assembly. The results revealed changes in the expression of flowering-time genes, including INDETERMINATE1 (ID1), Heading date 3a (Hd3a), CONSTANS-like genes, and ZEA MAYS CENTRORADIALES8 (ZCN8), which are known to be crucial factors in flowering. In particular, Hd3a, CONZ1, and ZCN8, which have been reported to accelerate flowering under short-day conditions, were downregulated by drought stress. Changes in gene expression appear to play an important role in changes in flowering time under drought. These expression profiles will help to further understand the flowering-time genes of tropical maize and the delayed flowering time resulting from drought.

Yield of a tall and a dwarf indica rice as affected by fertilizer nitrogen, with and without nitrification inhibitors

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Lakhdive ◽  
Rajendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Irrigated Rice ◽  
Fertilizer Nitrogen ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Dwarf Variety

SUMMARYTwo varieties of irrigated rice N.P. 130 (a tall variety) and Taichung Native-1 (a dwarf variety of indica rice) were compared in 1966 and 1967 when grown with several amounts of sodium nitrate and ammonium sulphate. Comparisons of ammonium sulphate treated with ‘N-Serve’ or with ‘AM’ against untreated ammonium sulphate were made.Applying more than 60–80 kg N/ha did not increase the number of panicles per m with N.P. 130 but lowered the number of spikelets and filled grain percentage. Up to 120 kg N/ha, panicle number and the number of spikelets of Taichung Native-1 increased significantly but the filled grain percentage was not increased; yield of grain responded significantly up to 120 kg N/ha. Taichung Native-1 yielded more grain and less straw than N.P. 130. Increasing the nitrogen applied significantly increased the yield of straw from both varieties.Ammonium sulphate increased panicle number and reduced the percentage of filled grain compared to sodium nitrate but the increase in panicle number was higher with Taichung Native-1 than with N.P. 130; as a result ammonium sulphate consistently increased the grain yield of Taichung Native-1. When the ammonium sulphate was treated with either inhibitor it gave more grain of Taichung Native-1 than untreated fertilizer; treated fertilizer gave more straw of both varieties.

Metabolite Contents and Panicle Development in Indica Rice Varieties Belonging to Different Growth Duration Groups

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Sahu ◽  
PK Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Panicle Development ◽  
Check Variety

Growth, spikelet number and assimilate contents of the panicle on the mainshoot of 20 indica rice varieties consisting of four duration groups were measured at intervals during the period between 2 weeks prior to anthesis and maturity. Panicle development was of longer duration in the late maturing varieties than in the early, and grain yield of the former was more than that of the latter due to difference in grain number. Shifting the cultivation of an early duration check variety to match the time of reproductive development in the medium duration group did not change its pattern of development. During development, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates, amino acids and phosphates changed significantly with time, and the pattern was the same in all varieties. Initially the concentration was low, but increased sharply a few days before anthesis to a peak level, then declined until anthesis. After anthesis it decreased to a minimum at maturity. Pre-anthesis metabolite concentration of the panicle was higher in the late varieties than in the early varieties, but not much difference was observed post-anthesis. Growth durations of the vegetative, reproductive and grain filling periods collectively influenced grain yield but, on the basis of partial correlation analysis, the vegetative duration was found most important for yield.

KOMBINASI BOKASHI DAN PUPUK BUATAN TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI YANG DITANAM SECARA JAJAR LEGOWO

Jurnal BiBieT ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Dewi Rezki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers

<p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>Tingginya laju pertumbuhan penduduk dan alih fungsi lahan pertanian, menyebabkan perlunya dilakukan upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi beras. Sedangkan produksi yang diperoleh dari lahan pertanian yang ada belum mencapai hasil yang optimal.  Upaya yang perlu dilakukan  untuk meningkatkan produksi padi diantaranya adalah memperbaiki tingkat kesuburan tanah dan metode budidaya tanaman padi.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh kombinasi yang paling tepat antara bahan  organik kaya sumber hayati (BOKASHI) dan pupuk NPK terhadap produksi padi yang ditanam secara jajar legowo.  penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Pulau Punjung Kabupaten Dharmasraya Provinsi Sumatera Barat pada bulan Juli-Desember 2015.  Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi bokashi + 75 % pupuk buatan memberikan hasil gabah 6.3 ton/Ha, sementara produksi padi tanpa penambahan bokashi + 100 % pupuk buatan memberikan hasil gabah 3.9 ton/Ha, dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan bokashi dapat meningkatkan produksi gabah sebanyak 2.4 ton/Ha.  Penambahan 2 ton/Ha bokashi yang ditanam secara sistem jajar legowo pada tanaman padi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman padi dan dapat mengurangi penggunaan pupuk buatan sebanyak 25 %.</p><p>Kata Kunci : Bokashi, Produksi Padi, Jajar Legowo, Kombinasi</p><p> </p><p align="center">ABSTRACT</p><p align="center"> </p><p>The high rate of population growth and the conversion of agricultural land, causing the need for efforts to increase rice production. While the production obtained from existing agricultural lands yet to achieve optimal results. Efforts should be made to increase the rice production of which is to improve soil fertility and method of rice cultivation. This study aims to obtain the most appropriate combination of organic material rich in biological resources (Bokashi) and NPK fertilizer on rice production are grown Legowo row. Research conducted in the District Pulau Punjung Dharmasraya West Sumatra province in July to December 2015. The study showed that the combination of Bokashi + 75% of artificial fertilizers provide grain yield of 6.3 tonnes / ha, while rice production without adding Bokashi + 100% synthetic fertilizers provide grain yield 3.9 tonnes / ha, thus it can be concluded that the addition of bokashi can increase grain production as much as 2.4 tons / ha. Addition of 2 tons / ha planted Bokashi system Legowo row in rice plants significantly affect the growth and production of rice plants and can reduce the use of artificial fertilizers as much as 25%.</p><p>Keywords: Bokashi, Rice Production, Jajar Legowo, Combination</p>

scholarly journals O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase is involved in fine regulation of flowering time in winter wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Fan ◽  
Fang Miao ◽  
Haiyan Jia ◽  
Genqiao Li ◽  
Carol Powers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Fine Regulation ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
Glcnac Transferase

AbstractVernalization genes underlying dramatic differences in flowering time between spring wheat and winter wheat have been studied extensively, but little is known about genes that regulate subtler differences in flowering time among winter wheat cultivars, which account for approximately 75% of wheat grown worldwide. Here, we identify a gene encoding anO-linkedN-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) that differentiates heading date between winter wheat cultivars Duster and Billings. We clone thisTaOGT1gene from a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for heading date in a mapping population derived from these two bread wheat cultivars and analyzed in various environments. Transgenic complementation analysis shows that constitutive overexpression ofTaOGT1bfrom Billings accelerates the heading of transgenic Duster plants.TaOGT1 is able to transfer anO-GlcNAc group to wheat proteinTaGRP2. Our findings establish important roles forTaOGT1in winter wheat in adaptation to global warming in the future climate scenarios.

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