Metabolite Contents and Panicle Development in Indica Rice Varieties Belonging to Different Growth Duration Groups

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Sahu ◽  
PK Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Panicle Development ◽  
Check Variety

Growth, spikelet number and assimilate contents of the panicle on the mainshoot of 20 indica rice varieties consisting of four duration groups were measured at intervals during the period between 2 weeks prior to anthesis and maturity. Panicle development was of longer duration in the late maturing varieties than in the early, and grain yield of the former was more than that of the latter due to difference in grain number. Shifting the cultivation of an early duration check variety to match the time of reproductive development in the medium duration group did not change its pattern of development. During development, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates, amino acids and phosphates changed significantly with time, and the pattern was the same in all varieties. Initially the concentration was low, but increased sharply a few days before anthesis to a peak level, then declined until anthesis. After anthesis it decreased to a minimum at maturity. Pre-anthesis metabolite concentration of the panicle was higher in the late varieties than in the early varieties, but not much difference was observed post-anthesis. Growth durations of the vegetative, reproductive and grain filling periods collectively influenced grain yield but, on the basis of partial correlation analysis, the vegetative duration was found most important for yield.

scholarly journals Introgression of Sub1 (SUB1) QTL in mega rice cultivars increases ethylene production to the detriment of grain- filling under stagnant flooding

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandhya Rani Kuanar ◽  
Kutubuddin Ali Molla ◽  
Krishnendu Chattopadhyay ◽  
Ramani Kumar Sarkar ◽  
Pravat Kumar Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Acc Synthase ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Oxidase Enzyme

AbstractIn the recent time, Submergence1 (Sub1)QTL, responsible for imparting tolerance to flash flooding, has been introduced in many rice cultivars, but resilience of the QTL to stagnant flooding (SF) is not known. The response of Sub1-introgression has been tested on physiology, molecular biology and yield of two popular rice cultivars (Swarna and Savitri) by comparison of the parental and Sub1-introgression lines (SwarnaSub1 and SavitriSub1) under SF. Compared to control condition SF reduced grain yield and tiller number and increased plant height and Sub1- introgression mostly matched these effects. SF increased ethylene production by over-expression of ACC-synthase and ACC-oxidase enzyme genes of panicle before anthesis in the parental lines. Expression of the genes changed with Sub1-introgression, where some enzyme isoform genes over-expressed after anthesis under SF. Activities of endosperm starch synthesizing enzymes SUS and AGPase declined concomitantly with rise ethylene production in the Sub1-introgressed lines resulting in low starch synthesis and accumulation of soluble carbohydrates in the developing spikelets. In conclusion, Sub1-introgression into the cultivars increased susceptibility to SF. Subjected to SF, the QTL promoted genesis of ethylene in the panicle at anthesis to the detriment of grain yield, while compromising with morphological features like tiller production and stem elongation.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Response Behaviour of Developed Promising Lines of T.Aman Rice

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Saha ◽  
SMM Islam ◽  
M Akter ◽  
SK Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Limiting Nutrient ◽  
Percent Nitrogen ◽  
Promising Line

Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for rice. Modern high yielding rice varieties may have differences in accumulating and using N from soil and applied fertilizer. A field experiment with 8 rice genotypes was conducted during 2008 wet season (T.Aman season) to study the effect of different rates of N fertilization on the yield performance and nitrogen nutrition under irrigated condition. Among the tested varieties/lines, BR7155-20-1-3 produced the significantly highest grain yield of 5.04 t/ha at N30 level followed by Swarna (4.66 t/ha) at the same level of N with similar growth duration (140 days). Agronomic efficiency of added N ranged from 0.7 to 23.3 for the promising line   BR7155-20-1-3 and 3.3 to 27.0 for variety Swarna. Grain yield at No was the highest in BR7155-20-1-3 followed by the variety Swarna and the lowest in BR7870-5 *(Nils)- I 0-HR8. Percent nitrogen recovery ranged from 50 to 63 for variety Swarna and 13 to 30 for promising line BR7155-20-1-3. The promising line BR7155– 20-1-3 and the variety Swarna may be economically advantageous over the other varieties/ lines. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i2.11222 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(2): 207-213, June 2012  

scholarly journals Stability of hybrid rice genotypes for grain yield and maturity

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
MJ Hasan ◽  
MU Kulsum ◽  
E Hossain ◽  
NMF Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Rice Genotypes

An experiment was conducted using nine hybrid rice genotypes along with two inbred standard check varieties in five different locations of Bangladesh to assess their stability in terms of grain yield and maturity in diverse environments. For this, adaptability, stability, genotype × environment (G×E) interaction effect for grain yield and maturity of 11 rice varieties in five agro ecological zones in Bangladesh were assessed during T. Aman season of 2015. The analysis of variance for growth duration and grain yield (t/ha) for genotypes, environment and genotype-environment interaction were highly significant at 1% level of probability indicating the variable response of genotypes and environments. The hybrid genotypes IR79156A/BRRI20R, BRRI hybrid dhan3, BRRI33R/BRRI26R, BRRI hybrid dhan4, standard check variety BRRI dhan49 and BR11 had high yield performance and widely adapted to all environments and these were non sensitive to environmental interactive forces, while the hybrids BRRI7A/BRRI31R, IR79156A/BasmatiR and SL-8 were sensitive to environmental interaction. Environment such as Gazipur (E1) and Faridpur (E3) having positive IPCA1 score and positive interaction with the hybrids BRRI7A/BRRI13R, SL-8H and IR79156A/BasmatiR were considered as the favourable environments for these hybrids.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 99-108, March 2018

scholarly journals Characterization of physicochemical qualities and starch structures of two indica rice varieties tolerant to high temperature during grain filling

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 102966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Fan ◽  
Yingqiu Li ◽  
Yun Zhu ◽  
Jingdong Wang ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Varieties

scholarly journals Importance of the Interaction between Heading Date Genes Hd1 and Ghd7 for Controlling Yield Traits in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen-Hua Zhang ◽  
Yu-Jun Zhu ◽  
Shi-Lin Wang ◽  
Ye-Yang Fan ◽  
Jie-Yun Zhuang
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Panicle Number ◽  
Delayed Flowering

Appropriate flowering time is crucial for successful grain production, which relies on not only the action of individual heading date genes, but also the gene-by-gene interactions. In this study, influences of interaction between Hd1 and Ghd7 on flowering time and yield traits were analyzed using near isogenic lines derived from a cross between indica rice cultivars ZS97 and MY46. In the non-functional ghd7ZS97 background, the functional Hd1ZS97 allele promoted flowering under both the natural short-day (NSD) conditions and natural long-day (NLD) conditions. In the functional Ghd7MY46 background, Hd1ZS97 remained to promote flowering under NSD conditions, but repressed flowering under NLD conditions. For Ghd7, the functional Ghd7MY46 allele repressed flowering under both conditions, which was enhanced in the functional Hd1ZS97 background under NLD conditions. With delayed flowering, spikelet number and grain weight increased under both conditions, but spikelet fertility and panicle number fluctuated. Rice lines carrying non-functional hd1MY46 and functional Ghd7MY46 alleles had the highest grain yield under both conditions. These results indicate that longer growth duration for a larger use of available temperature and light does not always result in higher grain production. An optimum heading date gene combination needs to be carefully selected for maximizing grain yield in rice.

scholarly journals Influence of Date of Planting on the Growth and Yield of Locally Popular Traditional Aromatic Rice Varieties in Boro Season

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
MA Mannan ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
MIM Akhand ◽  
MM Rana
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive ◽  
High Yield Potential

The experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Farm, Gazipur, in boro season to determine the optimum planting date and to select the varieties having high yield potential. Traditional aromatic photoperiod sensitive fine rice varieties; Kalijira, Kataribhog, Chinigura and Badshabhog were transplanted from 10 December and continued up to 25 January, both in 2000 and 2001 years, at an interval of 15 days. Forty-day old seedlings were transplanted spaced at 20 cm x 20 cm. Results exhibited that plant tallness, number of tillers and dry matter increased with the advancement of planting dates. On the contrary, the number of panicles, grains panicle-1, panicle length, grain yield, straw yield and growth duration decreased with delaying of planting dates. The intermediate short stature plant type of Chinigura exhibited higher number of panicles (300-331 m-2) and comparatively heavier individual grain (12.25-12.31 g), consequently gave higher grain yield (2.79-3.53 t ha-1 ) planted with in December. However, in late planted situation in 10 January Kalijira exhibited higher number of panicles, grains panicle-1, resulted higher grain yield than the rest of the varieties. Thus, cultivation of traditional aromatic fine rice Chinigura and Kalijira have the potentiality to produced higher grain yield when planted in early December in Boro season. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v10i1.16275 J Sci Foundation, January-June 2012;10(1):20-28

scholarly journals Nitrogen sources affected the biosynthesis of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, cooked rice elongation and amylose content in rice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254182
Author(s):  
Pouwedeou Mouloumdema Potcho ◽  
Nnaemeka Emmanuel Okpala ◽  
Tchalla Korohou ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Nabieu Kamara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cooked Rice ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Many studies have been carried out on N sources effect on fragrant rice; however, their impact on rice grain quality is largely unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different types of N sources on rice growth, yield, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP), amylose and cooked rice elongation. Two indica rice cultivars, Basmati 385 (B385), Xiangyaxiangzhan (XYXZ) and two japonica cultivars, Yunjingyou (YJY), Daohuaxiang (DHX) were grown in experimental pots with six replications under four N sources: Potassium nitrate (KNO3), ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3), urea (H2NCONH2) and sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in 2019 and 2020 early seasons. Our results showed that N dynamics regulated the number of panicles, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, amylose and cooked rice elongation across all the four treatments. The NH4HCO3 treatment significantly increased the number of panicles and grain yield across the four rice varieties compared with KNO3, H2NCONH2 and NaNO3 N sources in both 2019 and 2020 early season, The KNO3 treatment significantly showed higher 1000-grain weight in B-385, YJY, XYXZ and DHX compared to other N sources. Compared with other N sources treatment, the NH4HCO3 treatments significantly increased the 2AP contents in heading stage leaves, matured leaves and grains of B-385, YJY, XYXZ and DHX respectively. Cooked rice elongation percentage also showed significant difference in all treatments studied with KNO3 recorded the highest across the four varieties. Analysis of major enzymes and compounds such as P5C, P5CS, PDH, Pyrroline, proline and Methylglyoxal showed remarkable differences in each cultivar at heading and maturity stages with higher activity in NH4HCO3 and H2NCONH2 treatments. Similarly, in all treatments, we also observed significant increase in amylose content percentage, with NH4HCO3 having greater percentage of amylose.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus Levels on Yield Components and Grain Yield of Two Nerica Varieties in Mwea

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Etabo Edung Mathew ◽  
N. K. Korir ◽  
J. P. Gweyi-Onyango
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

Phosphorus is one macronutrient that commonly gets fixed and accumulates into soils after it has been in use for long, thus becoming readily unavailable to plants in subsequent years. Such scenario is ontological in Mwea where rice farming is practiced, yet this element is one main critical nutrient that plants cannot do without for they need it for root initiation, root development, photosynthesis, grain- formation, grain-filling, as well as yielding. In that view therefore, an experiment was undertaken in Mwea irrigation scheme with the aim of investigating on the influence of phosphorus levels on yield components and grain yield of Nerica 4 and 11. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design in split-plot arrangement replicated thrice. Two rice varieties (Nerica 4 and Nerica 11) formed main plots and phosphorus levels (0 kg P/ha, 25 kg P/ha, 50 kg P/ha and 75 kg P/ha) formed split plots. Data was collected on appropriate parameters between week 4 and 19 after sowing at intervals of three weeks. Results demonstrated that phosphorus levels significantly influenced the 1000-grain weight and number of panicles in the tested varieties. Additionally, Grain yield mean variation was observed, where highest grain yield of 0.988 tons per hectare was produced in Nerica 4 on 50 kg P/ha in season 2, while least grain yield of 0.831 tons per hectare was still produced in the same variety on control in season 1, thus 50 kg P/ha on Nerica 4 is recommended for rice farming in Mwea. The study would be used as a body of guidelines and information for judicial, responsible, and promotion of prescribed application of phosphates in Nerica rice farming at planting for realization of higher yields between the two Nerica varieties (Nerica 4 and 11) in Mwea and with like agro ecological areas.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Promising Rice Genotypes for Broadcast Aus Season

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
B Karmakar ◽  
MAA Mamun ◽  
MS Rahman ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Growth Duration ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Check Variety ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Rice cultivation in Aus season is eco-friendly and essential for sustainable food security of Bangladesh utilizing rain water rather than extracting underground water. Four rice genotypes (BR6855-3B-12, BR6855-3B-13, BR6848-3B-12 and BR6976-2B-11-1) along with check variety BRRI dhan43 were evaluated at farmers’ field during broadcast Aus season. The objectives were to investigate the adaptability of the rice genotypes and find out promising genotype(s) for Broadcast Aus rice. The experiment was conducted at farmers’ field in eight agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh. Randomized complete block design (RCB) was used with three replications. Standard and uniform management practices were followed for all the locations. Data were taken on grain yield, days to 80% maturity, plant height, panicles m-2, 1000-grain weight, grains panicle-1, spikelet sterility (%), Phenotypic acceptance at vegetative and maturity stage, pest incidence; feedback of farmers and extension personnel. Genotypes, environments and interaction of genotypes by environments had significant effect on grain yield, yield components and agronomic parameters. Analysis of variance indicated that there were significant differences between the check (control) and improved genotypes except the genotype BR6976-2B-11-1 which was similar with the check BRRI dhan43 for all parameters. Correlation analysis was also performed to establish extent of association between yield and major yield components. Grain yield positively and significantly correlated with the agronomic parameters except spikelet sterility. Across the locations, BR6848-3B-12 produced significantly the highest grain yield (4.88 t ha-1) at Feni while the lowest grain yield (1.58 t ha-1) was obtained in BR6976-2B-11-1 followed by BRRI dhan43 (1.64 t ha-1) at Kushtia. BR6848-3B-12 showed yield advantage of 1.0 t ha-1 over the check variety BRRI dhan43 with similar growth duration (104 day). AMMI stability value, yield stability index and GGE Bi-plot model indicated that BR6855-3B-12 is the most adaptable, suitable and stable genotype for broadcast Aus rice across the locations, and finally it is released in 2017 as BRRI dhan83 for broadcast Aus season. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(2): 35-48

scholarly journals Response of phytohormone homeostasis to heat stress and the roles of phytohormones in rice grain yield: a review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Wu ◽  
She Tang ◽  
Ganghua Li ◽  
Shaohua Wang ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Heat Effects

Rice is highly susceptible to heat stress at the reproductive stage. In this review, we first summarize recent progress in heat effects on rice grain yield during different reproductive stages. Different responses of yield traits of rice to heat stress during different reproductive stages are identified. The number of spikelets per panicle is reduced by heat stress during the early reproductive stage but is not affected by heat stress during the mid-late reproductive stage. Spikelet sterility induced by heat stress can be attributed primarily to physiological abnormalities in the reproductive organs during flowering but attributed to structural and morphological abnormalities in reproductive organs during panicle initiation. The lower grain weight caused by heat stress during the early reproductive stage was due to a reduction in non-structural carbohydrates, undeveloped vascular bundles, and a reduction in grain length and width, while a shortened grain filling duration, reduced grain filling rate, and decreased grain width affect grain weight when heat stress occurs during grain filling. Phytohormones play vital roles in regulating plant adaptations against heat stress. We discuss the processes involving phytohormone homeostasis (biosynthesis, catabolism, deactivation, and transport) in response to heat stress. It is currently thought that biosynthesis and transport may be the key processes that determine phytohormone levels and final grain yield in rice under heat stress conditions. Finally, we prospect that screening and breeding rice varieties with comprehensive tolerance to heat stress throughout the entire reproductive phase could be feasible to cope with unpredictable heat events in the future. Studies in phytohormone homeostatic response are needed to further reveal the key processes that determine phytohormone levels under heat condition.

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