scholarly journals Torrential Flood Water Management: Rainwater Harvesting through Relation Based Dam Suitability Analysis and Quantification of Erosion Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Munir ◽  
Sajid Rashid Ahmad ◽  
Raja Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
The North ◽  
Roughness Index ◽  
Dam Site ◽  
Very High

In this study, a relation-based dam suitability analysis (RDSA) technique is developed to identify the most suitable sites for dams. The methodology focused on a group of the most important parameters/indicators (stream order, terrain roughness index, slope, multiresolution valley bottom flatness index, closed depression, valley depth, and downslope gradient difference) and their relation to the dam wall and reservoir suitability. Quantitative assessment results in an elevation-area-capacity (EAC) curve substantiating the capacity determination of selected sites. The methodology also incorporates the estimation of soil erosion (SE) using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and sediment yield at the selected dam sites. The RDSA technique identifies two suitable dam sites (A and B) with a maximum collective capacity of approximately 1202 million m3. The RDSA technique was validated with the existing dam, Gomal-Zam, in the north of Sanghar catchment, where RDSA classified the Gomal-Zam Dam in a very high suitability class. The SE estimates show an average of 75 t-ha−1y−1 of soil loss occurs in the study area. The result shows approximately 298,073 and 318,000 tons of annual average sediment yield (SY) will feed the dam A and B respectively. The SE-based sediment yield substantiates the approximate life of Dam-A and Dam-B to be 87 and 90 years, respectively. The approach is dynamic and can be applied for any other location globally for dam site selection and SE estimation.

scholarly journals Search for bioindicators of pollution in the Guanabara Bay: integrations of ecologic patterns

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 25-35
Author(s):  
Claudia G. Vilela ◽  
Antonio E. S. Sanjinés ◽  
Renato O. Ghiselli Jr ◽  
João G. Mendonça Filho ◽  
José A. Baptista Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
The North ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Very High

Guanabara Bay, since its discovery, has largely changed with the human occupation causing large amounts of deposited sediment and waste, as well as domestic and industry sewage. Surface sediment was analysed for foraminifera and ostracoda distribution, diversity and dominance studies. These results were compared with TOC analyses aiming the determination of pollution bioindicators. In general, foraminifera dominant species were Ammonia tepida, Buliminella elegantissima and Quinqueloculina seminulum. The foraminifera assemblages presented distinct abundance and diversity values in different regions of the bay. The diversity was higher in the entrance (south) and in the central region than in the north region of the bay. The dominant species, that are characteristic of stressed environments, presented higher values of abundance in the north region. The TOC values increased from south to north regions, and were inversely proportional to foraminifera diversity. The very high TOC values in very polluted areas suggest sediment deposition in anoxic-dysoxic environment. The ostracoda Gen. Cyprideis was dominant and its occurrence increased from south to north region. Occurrence of Callistocythere sigmocostata, Xestoleberis sp., Aurila sp., and Paracypris sp. were restricted to the entrance and central area, indicating a preference for less restricted conditions, like marine conditions. Foraminifera and ostracoda characteristic responses to the environment conditions related high TOC values showed their importance as bioindicators of stressed environments caused by anthropogenic pollution, in the Guanabara Bay.

Soil erosion analysis by RUSLE and sediment yield models using remote sensing and GIS in Kelantan state, Peninsular Malaysia

Soil Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Anees ◽  
K. Abdullah ◽  
M. N. M. Nawawi ◽  
N. A. N. Norulaini ◽  
M. I. Syakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
High Probability ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Remote Sensing And Gis ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Very High

The present study used pixel-based soil erosion analysis through Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and a sediment yield model. The main motive of this study is to find soil erosion probability zones and accordingly prioritise watersheds using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques in Kelantan state, Peninsular Malaysia. The catchment was divided into 82 watersheds and soil loss of the catchment was calculated. Soil loss and sediment yield were divided into five categories ranging from very low to very high. Maximum area of the very high soil-loss category was observed in uncultivated land and the maximum area of very low soil-loss category was in forest. Soil erosion probability zones were also divided into five categories in which 36.1% of the area experienced zero soil erosion and 20.1% and 17.8% represented very high and high probability zones respectively. The maximum very high and high probability zones were 61.6% and 28.5% of the watershed area respectively. Prioritisation was according to the area covered by very high and high soil erosion probability zones, which showed that out of 82 watersheds, two had the very high and high priority categories respectively. The overall results indicate that high rainfall and agricultural activities enhanced the soil erosion rate on steep slopes in the catchment. Pixel-based soil erosion analysis through remote sensing and GIS was a very effective tool in finding accurate causes of soil erosion. Furthermore, it was suggested that agricultural activities and deforestation should be stopped on steep slopes because of their contribution in increasing soil erosion.

The Use of AHP and GIS methods for zoning of flood prone areas in the North Medan region

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Novrizal Ardian Saputra ◽  
A. Perwira Mulia Tarigan ◽  
Ahmad Bima Nusa
Keyword(s):  
Integration Method ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Tidal Flooding ◽  
The North ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Gis Methods ◽  
Target Determination ◽  
Very High

Tidal floods that occur in the North Medan area due to overflowing of sea water when the tide enters the land, both directly and through river floods. The land area affected by tidal floods is getting wider and wider, so there needs to be an analysis of the level of vulnerability of tidal flooding so that the handling and prevention efforts can be on target. Determination of zonation with the level of tidal flood hazard involves various criteria, for this reason the AHP and GIS integration method is used to make rational decisions from several criteria and draw them on a zoning map. The results obtained in the North Medan area showed that 30.91 ha (0.33%) had very high levels, 1,515.98 ha (16.09%) had high levels, 4,411.92 ha (46.83%) had moderate levels, 3,176.83 ha (33.72%) had low levels, 284.81 ha (3.02%) had very low levels of vulnerability to tidal flooding.

scholarly journals Geospatial Assessment of Soil Erosion Intensity and Sediment Yield Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsen Maqsoom ◽  
Bilal Aslam ◽  
Usman Hassan ◽  
Zaheer Abbas Kazmi ◽  
Mahmoud Sodangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽  
Rusle Model ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Quantitative Mapping ◽  
Severity Class ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Land degradation caused by soil erosion is considered among the most severe problems of the 21stcentury. It poses serious threats to soil fertility, food availability, human health, and the world ecosystem. The purpose of the study is to make a quantitative mapping of soil loss in the Chitral district, Pakistan. For the estimation of soil loss in the study area, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was used in combination with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). Topographical features of the study area show that the area is more vulnerable to soil loss, having the highest average annual soil loss of 78 ton/ha/year. Maps generated in the study show that the area has the highest sediment yield of 258 tons/ha/year and higher average annual soil loss of 450 tons/ha/year. The very high severity class represents 8%, 16% under high, 21% under moderate, 12% under low, and 13% under very low soil loss in the Chitral district. The above study is helpful to researchers and planners for better planning to control the loss of soil in the high severity zones. Plantation of trees and structures should be built like check dams, which effectively control the soil erosion process.

scholarly journals Soil erosion and sediment yield assessment using RUSLE and GIS-based approach in Anjeb watershed, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewoye Tsegaye ◽  
Rishikesh Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Sediment Accumulation ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Very High ◽  
Soil Loss Rate

AbstractSoil erosion is a serious and continuous environmental problem in Ethiopia. Lack of land use planning, environmental protection, over-cultivation, and overgrazing are prominent causes of erosion and sedimentation. This study is conducted in Anjeb watershed located in the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia. In this study, the quantity and distribution of soil erosion, sediment delivery ratio (SDR), and sediment yield of the watershed were assessed by employing remote sensing, geographic information system (GIS), and revised universal soil loss equation analysis capabilities. Important data sets of topography, soil, conservations practices, cover management, and rainfall factors were processed and superimposed in GIS analysis, and soil loss rate, SDR, and sediment yield of the watershed were derived. Based on the result found, the watershed was categorized into six classes of erosion: slight (0–5), moderate (5–10), high (10–15), very high (15–30), severe (30–50), and very severe (> 50) t ha−1 yr−1. The estimated average annual soil loss was 17.3 t ha−1 yr−1. The soil loss rate is higher in the steeper and topographically dissected part of the watershed. The average sediment delivery capacity was about 0.122. The result showed that the average sediment yield in the watershed was grouped into classes of low (< 2.5), moderate (2.5–7.5), high (7.5–12.5), very high (12.5–22.5), severe (22.5–40), and very severe (> 40) t ha−1 yr−1. It is found that from a total of 20,125.5 t yr−1 eroded soil over the whole watershed 2254.5 t yr−1 of sediment has been brought and deposited to the channels. Sediment accumulation from the watershed threatens the storage capacity and life span of Anjeb reservoir which is the source of irrigation water downstream. The study provides an insight to planners and resource managers to design and implement practices of watershed management to reduce erosion and enhance land productivity and to minimize the reservoir sediment accumulation.

scholarly journals Assessing soil loss using GIS based RUSLE methodology. Case of the Bou Namoussa watershed – North-East of Algeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chemss Eddine Bouhadeb ◽  
Mohamed Redha Menani ◽  
Hamza Bouguerra ◽  
Oussama Derdous
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate ◽  
Very High

AbstractThis study aims to estimating annual soil erosion rate and its spatial distribution in the Bou Namoussa water-shed located in the North-East of Algeria by applying the revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) within a Geographical Information System environment (GIS). The application of the RUSLE model in different natural environments and on every scale takes into account five key factors namely: the rainfall erosivity, the soil erodibility, the steepness and length of slopes, the vegetation cover and the conservation support practices. Each of these factors was generated in GIS as a raster layer, their combination, resulted in the development of a soil loss map indicating an average erosion rate of 7.8 t·ha−1·y−1. The obtained soil loss map was classified into four erosion severity classes; low, moderate, high and very high severity representing respectively 40, 30.48, 22.59 and 6.89% of the total surface. The areas, showing moderate, high and very high erosion rates which represent more than half of the basin area were found generally located in regions having high erodibility soils, steep slopes and low vegetation cover. These areas should be considered as priorities in future erosion control programs in order to decrease the siltation rate in the Cheffia reservoir.

ON THE STRATIFICATION OF THE EARTH’S CRUST ACCORDING TO SEISMIC STUDIES OF A LARGE EXPLOSION AND OF EARTHQUAKES

Geophysics ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mintrop
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Gravity Anomalies ◽  
Plastic Layer ◽  
Deflections Of The Vertical ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Natural Earthquakes ◽  
Very High

The analysis of the seismograms of an explosion of 4,000 tons (about 10 million pounds) of munitions piled up in tunnels 50 feet below the surface of the rocky island of Heligoland in the North Sea near Hamburg, Germany, and of a great number of natural earthquakes, especially the disastrous shock at Messina (Italy) led to the discovery of a number of formations unknown heretofore down to a depth of several hundred kilometers. At depths from 110 to 118 km a plastic layer occurs which seems to represent a belt around the globe. At a depth of 183 km the melting point of a material with very high wave‐velocity is reached. These findings are in accordance with the determination of the depth of Isostatic Surface by Hayford and Helmert (both in 1909) from deflections of the vertical and/or from gravity anomalies (113 and 118 km, respectively). Qualitatively, the results are also in accordance with the assumption of Gutenberg and Richter, based on the measurement of the amplitudes of the first recorded waves from numerous earthquakes with different epicenter distances and with different depths, that at a depth of 80 to 100 km the melting point of the material has been reached.

KAJIAN EROSI LAHAN DI KAWASAN AIR STRIP RUNWAY 2600 BANDARA DEPATI AMIR (PGK) BERDASARKAN TATA GUNA LAHAN MASTERPLAN ULTIMATE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-111
Author(s):  
Miskar Maini ◽  
Junita Eka Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Universal Soil Loss Equation ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery Ratio ◽  
Sediment Delivery ◽  
Soil Loss Equation

Standar permintaan engineering pesawat agar desain bangunan infrastruktur di area Air Strip Runway 2600 yang ada dapat mempunyai fungsi lain. Sedangkan kondisi lain sangat menentukan keselamatan karena lahan di sekitar Air Strip Runway 2600 Bandara Depati Amir (PGK) jika tidak ditutupi vegetasi seperti rumput, kondisi lain lahan yang belum ditutupi vegetasi di sekitar Air Strip Runway 2600 berpotensi akan mengalami erosi lahan, kemudian hasil erosi lahan ini akan terbawa oleh aliran air sehingga akan masuk ke saluran drainase yang akan menyebabkan sedimentasi pada saluran drainase tersebut, akhirnya akan berkurang efektifitas kinerja saluran drainase tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk memprediksi laju rata-rata erosi di area Air Strip Runway 2600 dengan memperhitungkan faktor erosivitas hujan, erodibilitas tanah, kemiringan lereng atau panjang lereng, pengelolaan tanaman dan konservasi tanah, yang masing masing tata guna lahan tersebut mengacu pada Masterplan Ultimate Bandara Depati Amir (PGK). Perhitungan dilakukan menggunakan persamaan USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) yang dikembangkan oleh Wischmeier dan Smith (1965, 1978), kemudian Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) dan Sediment Yield.Hasil penelitian ini, prediksi laju erosi permukaan pada area Air Strip Runway 2600 Bandara Depati Amir (PGK) tahun pertama yang mencapai 5,60 mm/tahun atau 100,76 Ton/Ha/tahun, laju erosi tahun kedua mencapai 3,38 mm/tahun atau 60,84 Ton/Ha/tahun dapat diklasifikasikan ke dalam kelas bahaya erosi sedang (kelas III) dan nilai SDR adalah sebesar 56,3%, nilai sediment yield (SR) pada tahun pertama sebesar 5.887,59 Ton/Tahun, pada tahun kedua ketika rumput pada area Air Strip telah tumbuh dengan sempurna terjadi penurunan hasil sediment yield yaitu nilai SR sebesar 3.554,85 Ton/Tahun.

Preliminary results of the study on the reasons of the Hai Hau erosion phenomenon

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-426
Author(s):  
Pham Van Ninh ◽  
Phan Ngoc Vinh ◽  
Nguyen Manh Hung ◽  
Dinh Van Manh
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Red River ◽  
Erosion Process ◽  
Red River Delta ◽  
The North ◽  
Severe Erosion ◽  
North And South ◽  
Very High

Overall the evolution process of the Red River Delta based on the maps and historical data resulted in a fact that before the 20th century all the Nam Dinh coastline was attributed to accumulation. Then started the erosion process at Xuan Thuydistrict and from the period of 1935 - 1965 the most severe erosion was contributed in the stretch from Ha Lan to Hai Trieu, 1965 - 1990 in Hai Chinh - Hai Hoa, 1990 - 2005 in the middle part of Hai Chinh - Hai Thinh (Hai Hau district). The adjoining stretches were suffered from not severe erosion. At the same time, the Ba Lat mouth is advanced to the sea and to the North and South direction by the time with a very high rate.The first task of the mathematical modeling of coastal line evolution of Hai Hau is to evaluate this important historical marked periods e. g. to model the coastal line at the periods before 1900, 1935 - 1965; 1965 - 1990; 1990 - 2005. The tasks is very complicated and time and working labors consuming.In the paper, the primarily results of the above mentioned simulations (as waves, currents, sediments transports and bottom - coastal lines evolution) has been shown. Based on the obtained results, there is a strong correlation between the protrusion magnitude and the southward moving of the erosion areas.

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