scholarly journals Is Maternal Use of Paracetamol during Pregnancy Associated with Anogenital Distance in Male Newborns? The Results from the NELA Birth Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6338
Author(s):  
Fuensanta Navarro-Lafuente ◽  
Julián Arense-Gonzalo ◽  
Evdochia Adoamnei ◽  
María Prieto-Sánchez ◽  
María Sánchez-Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Misclassification Error ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Anogenital Distance ◽  
Differential Misclassification ◽  
The One ◽  
Antiandrogenic Effect

Paracetamol is the one of the most commonly used medications during pregnancy. However, its potential antiandrogenic effect has been suggested. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between maternal paracetamol use during pregnancy and anogenital distance (AGD) in male newborns from a Spanish birth cohort. The study included two hundred and seventy-seven mother-male child pairs with self-reported paracetamol use and frequency during each trimester of pregnancy. AGD measurements were taken employing standardized methods. The associations between maternal paracetamol use and AGD measures were evaluated using linear regression models, adjusting for potential confounders and covariates. Overall, 61.7% of pregnant women consumed paracetamol at any time of pregnancy with an average of 9.43 (SD = 15.33) days throughout pregnancy. No associations between the maternal use of paracetamol or its frequency and AGD measures among different trimesters or during the whole pregnancy were found in the adjusted final models. A non-differential misclassification error may have occurred—the recall of paracetamol intake independent of AGD measurements—introducing bias towards the null hypothesis. Nevertheless, the current evidence suggests that paracetamol might have a potential antiandrogenic effect especially in the early stages of fetal development. Thus, it would be highly recommendable to pursue further studies to elucidate the potential effects of paracetamol in human perinatal health and its use among pregnant women.

scholarly journals Delirium symptoms are associated with decline in cognitive function between ages 53 to 69: findings from a British birth cohort study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tsui ◽  
D Kuh ◽  
M Richards ◽  
D Davis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Search Speed ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFew population studies have investigated whether longitudinal decline after delirium in mid-to-late life might affect specific cognitive domains.METHODSParticipants from a birth cohort completing assessments of search speed, verbal memory and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination at age 69 were asked about delirium symptoms between ages 60-69. Linear regression models estimated associations between delirium symptoms and cognitive outcomes.RESULTSPeriod prevalence of delirium between 60 and 69 was 4% (95% CI 3.2%,4.9%). Self-reported symptoms of delirium over the seventh decade were associated with worse scores in the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (−1.7 points, 95% CI −3.2, −0.1, p=0.04). In association with delirium symptoms, verbal memory scores were initially lower, with subsequent decline in search speed by age 69. These effects were independent of other Alzheimer’s risk factors.DISCUSSIONDelirium symptoms may be common even at relatively younger ages, and their presence may herald cognitive decline, particularly in search speed, over this time period.

scholarly journals Medication Intake Is Associated with Lower Plasma Carotenoids and Higher Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Cross-Sectional MARK-AGE Study in Older Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2072
Author(s):  
Daniela Weber ◽  
Bastian Kochlik ◽  
Wolfgang Stuetz ◽  
Martijn E. T. Dollé ◽  
Eugène H. J. M. Jansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Intake ◽  
The One ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Β Carotene

The regular use of medication may interfere with micronutrient metabolism on several levels, such as absorption, turnover rate, and tissue distribution, and this might be amplified during aging. This study evaluates the impact of self-reported medication intake on plasma micronutrients in the MARK-AGE Project, a cross-sectional observational study in 2217 subjects (age- and sex-stratified) aged 35–75 years from six European countries that were grouped according to age. Polypharmacy as possible determinant of micronutrient concentrations was assessed using multiple linear regression models adjusted for age-group, dietary fruit, vegetables, and juice intake, and other confounders. Younger participants reported taking fewer drugs than older participants. Inverse associations between medication intake and lutein (−3.31% difference per increase in medication group), β-carotene (−11.44%), α-carotene (−8.50%) and positive associations with retinol (+2.26%), α-tocopherol/cholesterol (+2.89%) and γ-tocopherol/cholesterol (+1.36%) occurred in multiple adjusted regression models. Combined usage of a higher number of medical drugs was associated with poorer status of carotenoids on the one hand and higher plasma concentrations of retinol, α- and γ-tocopherol on the other hand. Our results raise concerns regarding the safety of drug combinations via the significant and surprisingly multifaceted disturbance of the concentrations of relevant micronutrients.

scholarly journals Prenatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke and Anogenital Distance at 4 Years in the INMA-Asturias Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4774
Author(s):  
Miguel García-Villarino ◽  
Rocío Fernández-Iglesias ◽  
Isolina Riaño-Galán ◽  
Cristina Rodríguez-Dehli ◽  
Izaro Babarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Anogenital Distance ◽  
Exposure During Pregnancy ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Prenatal Androgen ◽  
Relevant Covariates

Smoking by women is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, low birth weight, infertility, and prolonged time to pregnancy. Anogenital distance (AGD) is a sensitive biomarker of prenatal androgen and antiandrogen exposure. We investigated the effect of smoking and passive smoke exposure during pregnancy on anogenital distance in offspring at 4 years in the INMA-Asturias cohort (Spain). Women were interviewed during pregnancy to collect information on tobacco consumption, and anogenital distance was measured in 381 children: Anoscrotal distance in boys and anofourchetal distance in girls. We also measured maternal urinary cotinine levels at 32 weeks of pregnancy. We constructed linear regression models to analyze the association between prenatal smoke exposure and anogenital distance and adjusted the models by relevant covariates. Reported prenatal smoke exposure was associated with statistically significant increased anogenital index (AGI), both at week 12 of pregnancy (β = 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.63) and at week 32 of pregnancy (β = 0.31, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.63) in male children, suggesting altered androgenic signaling.

scholarly journals Association of Ambient Air Pollution with Perceived Stress in Pregnant Women: A Prospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirga Kumar Lamichhane ◽  
Dal-Young Jung ◽  
Yee-Jin Shin ◽  
Kyung-Sook Lee ◽  
So-Yeon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third

Abstract Background: Air pollution is associated with perceived stress in the general population, but its influence on maternal perceived stress during pregnancy has not been investigated.We aimed to investigate the relationship between air pollution and non-specific perceived stress among pregnant women.Methods: Our analysis included2162 pregnant women who had participated in the cohort for childhood origin of asthma and allergic disease study between 2008 and 2015. Maternal exposures to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and < 10 µm (PM10), as well as to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) for each trimesterand the entire pregnancy were determined using land-use regression models. Maternal perceived stress during the third trimester was assessed using the 14-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS): scores ranged from 0-56 with higher scores indicating increased stress. Linear regression models were applied to estimate associations between PSS scores and each air pollutant, after adjusting for socio-demographic and behavioral covariates.Results: In single-pollutant models,after adjustment, an IQR increase in the whole pregnancy exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 and O3 in the third trimester was related to 0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.74) and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.98) and 0.29 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.52) points increase in the PSS score, respectively.This association was more evident in women with child-bearing age and lower levelofeducation, and the association of PM10was stronger in thespring season.In multi-pollutant models, exposures to PM10 and O3 were associated with higher perceived stress. Conclusion:Our findings suggest that pregnancy exposure to PM2.5, PM10and O3 is positively associated with maternal PSS score during the third trimester.

scholarly journals Metabolic profiling of pre-gestational and gestational diabetes mellitus identifies novel predictors of pre-term delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilhame Diboun ◽  
Manjunath Ramanjaneya ◽  
Yasser Majeed ◽  
Lina Ahmed ◽  
Mohammed Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Generalized Linear Model ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Term Delivery ◽  
Term Labor

Abstract Background Pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risks of pre-term labor, hypertension and preeclampsia. In this study, metabolic profiling of blood samples collected from GDM, T2DM and control pregnant women was undertaken to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers in GDM/T2DM and compared to pregnancy outcome. Methods Sixty-seven pregnant women (21 controls, 32 GDM, 14 T2DM) in their second trimester underwent targeted metabolomics of plasma samples using tandem mass spectrometry with the Biocrates MxP® Quant 500 Kit. Linear regression models were used to identify the metabolic signature of GDM and T2DM, followed by generalized linear model (GLMNET) and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine best predictors of GDM, T2DM and pre-term labor. Results The gestational age at delivery was 2 weeks earlier in T2DM compared to GDM and controls and correlated negatively with maternal HbA1C and systolic blood pressure and positively with serum albumin. Linear regression models revealed elevated glutamate and branched chain amino acids in GDM + T2DM group compared to controls. Regression models also revealed association of lower levels of triacylglycerols and diacylglycerols containing oleic and linoleic fatty acids with pre-term delivery. A generalized linear model ROC analyses revealed that that glutamate is the best predictors of GDM compared to controls (area under curve; AUC = 0.81). The model also revealed that phosphatidylcholine diacyl C40:2, arachidonic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C34:3 are the best predictors of GDM + T2DM compared to controls (AUC = 0.90). The model also revealed that the triacylglycerols C17:2/36:4 and C18:1/34:1 are the best predictors of pre-term delivery (≤ 37 weeks) (AUC = 0.84). Conclusions This study highlights the metabolite alterations in women in their second trimester with diabetes mellitus and identifies predictive indicators of pre-term delivery. Future studies to confirm these associations in other cohorts and investigate their functional relevance and potential utilization for targeted therapies are warranted.

scholarly journals Prenatal Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants and Anogenital Distance in Children at 18 Months

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel García-Villarino ◽  
Isolina Riaño-Galán ◽  
Ana Cristina Rodriguez-Dehli ◽  
Esther Vizcaíno ◽  
Joan O. Grimalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
In Utero Exposure ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Anogenital Distance ◽  
Genital Development ◽  
Males And Females

Background: Anogenital distance (AGD) is a measure of in utero exposure to hormonally active agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and AGD. Methods: POP levels were measured in pregnant women, and the AGD was recorded in 43 offspring at 18 months. We used linear regression models to analyze the association between maternal POP exposure and offspring AGD. We defined the anogenital index (AGI) as AGD divided by weight at 18 months (AGI = AGD / weight at 18 months [mm/kg]) and included this variable in the regression models. Results: AGI measure was 2.35 (0.61) and 1.38 (0.45) in males and females, respectively. AGI was inversely associated with lipid-adjusted concentrations of PBDE-99 (β = −0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.51, −0.04) and PBDE-153 (β = −0.61, 95% CI: −1.11, −0.11) in males. We did not find any statistically significant relationship between any POPs and AGI in females. Conclusions: Environmental exposure to POPs may affect genital development and result in reproductive tract alterations with potentially relevant health consequences in maturity.

scholarly journals Association Between Mode of Delivery and Body Mass Index at 4-5 Years in White British and Pakistani Children: the Born in Bradford Birth Cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Ralphs ◽  
Lucy Pembrey ◽  
Jane West ◽  
Gillian Santorelli
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Born In Bradford

Abstract Background Globally, it is becoming more common for pregnant women to deliver by caesarean section (CS). In 2012, 21% of births in the UK were CS, surpassing the recommended prevalence of 15%. Concerns have been raised regarding potential unknown consequences of this mode of delivery.Childhood adiposity is also an increasing concern. Previous research provides inconsistent conclusions on the association between CS and childhood adiposity. More studies are needed to investigate the consequences of CS in different populations and ethnicities. Therefore, this study investigates the association between mode of delivery and BMI, in children of 4-5 years and if this differs between White British (WB) and Pakistani ethnicities, in Bradford UK.Methods Data were obtained from the Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort, which recruited pregnant women at the Bradford Royal Infirmary, between 2007-2010. For these analyses, a sub-sample (n=6410) of the BiB cohort (n=13858) was used. Linear regression models determined the association between mode of delivery (vaginal or CS) and BMI z-scores at 4-5 years. Children were categorised as underweight/healthy weight, overweight and obese, and logistic regression models determined the odds of adiposity. Effect modification by ethnicity was also explored.Results Multivariable analysis found no evidence for a difference in BMI z-score between children of CS and vaginal delivery (0.005 kg/m2, 95% CI= -0.062–0.072, p=0.88). Neither was there evidence of CS affecting the odds of being overweight (OR=1.05, 95% CI=0.86–1.28, p=0.65), or obese (OR=0.98, 95% CI=0.74–1.29, p=0.87). There was no evidence that ethnicity was an effect modifier of these associations (p=0.97). Conclusion Having CS, compared to a vaginal delivery, was not associated with greater adiposity in children of 4-5 years in this population. Concerns over CS increasing adiposity in children are not supported by the findings reported here using the BiB study population, of both WB and Pakistani families.

scholarly journals Predictors of Urinary Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Compound Concentrations among Healthy Pregnant Women in New York

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6164
Author(s):  
Arin A. Balalian ◽  
Xinhua Liu ◽  
Eva Laura Siegel ◽  
Julie Beth Herbstman ◽  
Virginia Rauh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Infant Development ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Thyroid Disruption ◽  
Modeling Strategy

Our study aimed to investigate dietary and non-dietary predictors of exposure to pyrethroids, organophosphates pesticides and 2,4-D herbicide in two cohorts of pregnant women in New York City: 153 women from the Thyroid Disruption and Infant Development (TDID) cohort and 121 from the Sibling/Hermanos Cohort(S/H). Baseline data on predictors were collected from the women at time of recruitment. We used three different modeling strategies to address missing data due to biomarker values below the limit of detection (<LOD): (1) logistic regression models with biomarkers categorized as (<median, ≥median); (2) linear regression models, imputing the <LOD values with (LOD/√2); (3) regression models, considering <LOD values as left-censored. Generally, all three models identified similar predictors of exposure. We found that ethnicity, higher income and education predicted higher concentrations of most of the biomarkers in both cohorts. Mothers who consumed processed meat in the TDID cohort, and broiled, barbequed food or burgers in the S/H cohort, tended to have lower concentrations of organophosphates and 2,4-D. The choice of modeling led to a few different predictors identified, and the selection of modeling strategy should be based on the study question.

scholarly journals Association between mode of delivery and body mass index at 4-5 years in White British and Pakistani children: the Born in Bradford birth cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor Ralphs ◽  
Lucy Pembrey ◽  
Jane West ◽  
Gillian Santorelli
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Royal Infirmary ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Childhood Adiposity ◽  
Born In Bradford

Abstract Background Globally, it is becoming more common for pregnant women to deliver by caesarean section (CS). In 2020, 31% of births in England were CS, surpassing the recommended prevalence of CS. Concerns have been raised regarding potential unknown consequences of this mode of delivery. Childhood adiposity is also an increasing concern. Previous research provides inconsistent conclusions on the association between CS and childhood adiposity. More studies are needed to investigate the consequences of CS in different populations and ethnicities. Therefore, this study investigates the association between mode of delivery and BMI, in children of 4–5 years and if this differs between White British (WB) and Pakistani ethnicities, in Bradford UK. Methods Data were obtained from the Born in Bradford (BiB) cohort, which recruited pregnant women at the Bradford Royal Infirmary, between 2007 and 2010. For these analyses, a sub-sample (n = 6410) of the BiB cohort (n = 13,858) was used. Linear regression models determined the association between mode of delivery (vaginal or CS) and BMI z-scores at 4–5 years. Children were categorised as underweight/healthy weight, overweight and obese, and logistic regression models determined the odds of adiposity. Effect modification by ethnicity was also explored. Results Multivariable analysis found no evidence for a difference in BMI z-score between children of CS and vaginal delivery (0.005 kg/m2, 95% CI = − 0.062–0.072, p = 0.88). Neither was there evidence of CS affecting the odds of being overweight (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.86–1.28, p = 0.65), or obese (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.74–1.29, p = 0.87). There was no evidence that ethnicity was an effect modifier of these associations (p = 0.97). Conclusion Having CS, compared to a vaginal delivery, was not associated with greater adiposity in children of 4–5 years in this population. Concerns over CS increasing adiposity in children are not supported by the findings reported here using the BiB study population, of both WB and Pakistani families.

scholarly journals Anaemia in pregnant women before and after the mandatory fortification of wheat and corn flours with iron

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1802-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Lúcia da Silva ◽  
Cláudia Saunders ◽  
Sophia Cornbluth Szarfarc ◽  
Elizabeth Fujimori ◽  
Glória Valéria da Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hb Concentration

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the frequency of anaemia in pregnant women before and after the fortification of flours with Fe.DesignRetrospective study developed from secondary data obtained from medical records.SettingTwo health units in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.SubjectsSocio-economic, demographic, obstetric and Hb concentration data were collected of 778 pregnant women attending prenatal care. Two study groups were created: the first referred to the period before fortification (G1, n 391), including women whose parturition happened before June 2004; and the second referred to the period after fortification (G2, n 387), including women whose last menstrual cycle happened after June 2005. The Hb cut-off point adopted for anaemia diagnosis was <11·0 g/dl.ResultsIn linear regression models, when Hb concentration was expressed as a dependent variable, women in G2 presented Hb concentration 0·26 g/dl and 0·36 g/dl higher during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, respectively, compared with G1. In logistic regression models where the dependent variable was anaemia during the second and third trimesters, it was verified that being a member of G2 was a protective factor against anaemia in the third trimester. Regarding the presence of anaemia at any gestational moment, it was verified that being a member of G2 represented a protective factor against anaemia during pregnancy.ConclusionsResults indicate the protective effect of the fortification of flours with Fe in the fight against gestational anaemia, contributing to prevention and control of this nutritional disorder among pregnant women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document