scholarly journals Delirium symptoms are associated with decline in cognitive function between ages 53 to 69: findings from a British birth cohort study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Tsui ◽  
D Kuh ◽  
M Richards ◽  
D Davis
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Search Speed ◽  
Addenbrooke’S Cognitive Examination

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFew population studies have investigated whether longitudinal decline after delirium in mid-to-late life might affect specific cognitive domains.METHODSParticipants from a birth cohort completing assessments of search speed, verbal memory and the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination at age 69 were asked about delirium symptoms between ages 60-69. Linear regression models estimated associations between delirium symptoms and cognitive outcomes.RESULTSPeriod prevalence of delirium between 60 and 69 was 4% (95% CI 3.2%,4.9%). Self-reported symptoms of delirium over the seventh decade were associated with worse scores in the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (−1.7 points, 95% CI −3.2, −0.1, p=0.04). In association with delirium symptoms, verbal memory scores were initially lower, with subsequent decline in search speed by age 69. These effects were independent of other Alzheimer’s risk factors.DISCUSSIONDelirium symptoms may be common even at relatively younger ages, and their presence may herald cognitive decline, particularly in search speed, over this time period.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations Between Loneliness and Cognitive Ability in the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1376-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A Okely ◽  
Ian J Deary
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Visuospatial Ability ◽  
Lothian Birth Cohort ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Reciprocal Associations

Abstract Objectives Loneliness is associated with poorer cognitive function in old age; however, the direction of this association is unknown. We tested for reciprocal associations between loneliness and the cognitive ability domains of processing speed, visuospatial ability, verbal memory, and crystallized ability. Method We used three triennial waves of longitudinal data from the Lothian Birth Cohort Study 1936, and tested for cross-lagged associations between loneliness and cognitive abilities using cross-lagged panel models. Results Better processing speed, visuospatial ability, or crystallized ability at age 73, was associated with less positive changes in loneliness between ages 73 and 76; however, these associations were not replicated between ages 76 and 79. Loneliness at ages 73 and 76 did not predict subsequent changes in cognitive abilities. Discussion Our findings indicate an association between cognitive ability and loneliness, such that individuals with lower cognitive abilities at age 73 may be at a slightly higher risk of becoming lonely. However, we did not find support for the hypothesis that loneliness causes a decline in cognitive health.

scholarly journals Snus in pregnancy and infant birth size: a mother–child birth cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 00255-2019
Author(s):  
Ina Kreyberg ◽  
Katarina Hilde ◽  
Karen Eline S. Bains ◽  
Kai-Håkon Carlsen ◽  
Berit Granum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Birth Size ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Child Birth ◽  
Gestational Age At Birth ◽  
Infant Birth

RationaleWhile recent studies show that maternal use of snus during pregnancy is increasing, the potential effects on infant birth size is less investigated, with conflicting results.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine if maternal use of snus during pregnancy influences the infant anthropometric and proportional size measures at birth.MethodsIn 2313 mother–child pairs from the population-based, mother–child birth cohort PreventADALL (Preventing Atopic Dermatitis and ALLergies) in Norway and Sweden, we assessed nicotine exposure by electronic questionnaire(s) at 18 and 34 weeks of pregnancy, and anthropometric measurements at birth. Associations between snus exposure and birth size outcomes were analysed by general linear regression.ResultsBirthweight was not significantly different in infants exposed to snus in general, and up to 18 weeks of pregnancy in particular, when adjusting for relevant confounders including maternal age, gestational age at birth, pre-pregnancy body mass index, parity, fetal sex and maternal gestational weight gain up to 18 weeks. We found no significant effect of snus use on the other anthropometric or proportional size measures in multivariable linear regression models. Most women stopped snus use in early pregnancy.ConclusionExposure to snus use in early pregnancy, with most women stopping when knowing about their pregnancy, was not associated with birth size. We were unable to conclude on effects of continued snus use during pregnancy because of lack of exposure in our cohort.

Amendment of traditional assessment measures for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Farreny ◽  
Judith Usall ◽  
Jorge Cuevas-Esteban ◽  
Susana Ochoa ◽  
Gildas Brébion
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Illness Duration ◽  
Traditional Assessment ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Assessment Measures ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractSchizophrenia research based on traditional assessment measures for negative symptoms appears to be, to some extent, unreliable. The limitations of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) have been extensively acknowledged and should be taken into account. The aim of this study is to show how the PANSS and the SANS conflate negative symptoms and cognition and to offer alternatives for the limitations found.MethodsA sample of 117 participants with schizophrenia from two independent studies was retrospectively investigated. Linear regression models were computed to explore the effect of negative symptoms and illness duration as predictors of cognitive performance.ResultsFor the PANSS, the item “abstract thinking” accounted for the association between negative symptoms and cognition. For the SANS, the “attention” subscale predicted the performance in verbal memory, but illness duration emerged as a stronger predictor than negative symptoms for outcomes of processing speed, verbal and working memory.ConclusionUtilizing alternative models to the traditional PANSS and SANS formats, and accounting for illness duration, provide more precise evidence on the relationship between negative symptoms and cognition. Since these measures are still extensively utilized, we recommend adopting more rigorous approaches to avoid misleading results.

scholarly journals 2110 Prenatal near roadway air pollution exposure and early neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children: Findings from the CHAMACOS prospective birth cohort study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
William H. Coe ◽  
Jason Feinberg ◽  
Robert Grunier ◽  
Brenda Eskenazi ◽  
Heather Volk
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
American Children ◽  
Prospective Birth Cohort

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Previous studies suggest that prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants can have an adverse effect on brain development. We examine the association between prenatal near roadway air pollution (NRAP) exposure and early neurodevelopment. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) Study is a prospective birth cohort that began in 1999 with 605 mother-child pairs of primarily Mexican-American descent. Maternal residence during pregnancy was geocoded using ArcGIS and prenatal NRAP exposure was assigned using the CALINE4 line source dispersion model. We used composite Bayley Scale scores for cognitive and motor development, and created separate linear regression models at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: After adjusting for relevant maternal and child characteristics, preliminary estimates suggest that prenatal NRAP exposure is associated with a nonsignificant increase in Bayley Scale scores at 6 and 24 months (cognitive: β=0.13, p-value=0.20 and motor: β=0.08, p-value=0.58 at 6 months; cognitive: β=0.16, p-value=0.42 and motor: β=0.20, p-value=0.25 at 24 months) and a nonsignificant decrease at 12 months (cognitive: β=−0.07, p-value=0.64 and motor: β=−0.12, p-value=0.56). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our preliminary findings do not suggest that prenatal NRAP exposure is associated with early cognitive development. Additional exploration of co-exposures known to effect neurodevelopment should be examined in this rural population.

scholarly journals Cognition and functionality in delusional disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja ◽  
Jorge A. Cervilla ◽  
Josep M. Haro ◽  
Celso Arango ◽  
Enrique de Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Delusional Disorder ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Perceived Disability ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackground:Even if neurocognition is known to affect functional outcomes in schizophrenia, no previous study has explored the impact of cognition on functionality in delusional disorder (DD). We aimed to assess the effect of clinical characteristics, symptom dimensions and neuropsychological performance on psychosocial functioning and self-perceived functional impairment in DD.Methods:Seventy-five patients with a SCID-I confirmed diagnosis of DD underwent neurocognitive testing using a neuropsychological battery examining verbal memory, attention, working memory and executive functions. We assessed psychotic symptoms with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and calculated factor scores for four clinical dimensions: Paranoid, Cognitive, Affective and Schizoid. We conducted hierarchical linear regression models to identify predictors of psychosocial functioning, as measured with the Global Assessment of Functioning scale, and self-perceived functional impairment, as measured with the Sheehan’s Disability Inventory.Results:In the final linear regression models, higher scores in the Paranoid (β= 0.471, p <.001, r2 = 0.273) and Cognitive (β = 0.325, p <.001, r2 = 0.180) symptomatic dimensions and lower scores in verbal memory (β = −0.273, p <.05, r2 = 0.075) were significantly associated with poorer psychosocial functioning in patients with DD. Lower scores in verbal memory (β= −0.337, p <.01, r2 = 0.158) and executive functions (β= −0.323, p <.01, r2 = 0.094) were significantly associated with higher self-perceived disability.Conclusions:Impaired verbal memory and cognitive symptoms seem to affect functionality in DD, above and beyond the severity of the paranoid idea. This suggests a potential role for cognitive interventions in the management of DD.

scholarly journals Lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults: evidence from an Australian birth cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tolassa W Ushula ◽  
Petra H Lahmann ◽  
Abdullah Mamun ◽  
William YS Wang ◽  
Gail M Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Data Set

Abstract Objective: Previous studies of sociodemographic and lifestyle correlates of dietary patterns among young adults have primarily focused on physical activity and smoking, with inconclusive results. This study aims to examine the associations between a broader range of lifestyles of young adults and their patterns of food consumption. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Brisbane, Australia. Participants: The data set are from a long running birth cohort study which commenced in 1981. Details of dietary intake and sociodemographic and lifestyle factors were from the 21-year follow-up of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) birth cohort. The effective cohort (n 2665, 57 % women) is of young adult offspring. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data on sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were obtained from self-reports. Results: Western and prudent dietary patterns were identified for the combined cohort of women and men using principal components analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the associations between lifestyle variables and dietary patterns adjusting for potential confounders. Results from multivariable adjusted models showed that physical activity, watching TV and smoking were strongly associated with each dietary pattern; alcohol consumption and BMI showed weaker associations (P < 0·05 for all). Conclusions: Our study describes a clustering of unhealthy lifestyles in young adults. Young adults with unhealthy lifestyles less often adhere to a healthy prudent dietary pattern and more often an unhealthy Western pattern. Dietary preferences are enmeshed in a lifestyle matrix which includes physical activity, sedentary activity, smoking and alcohol consumption of young adults.

scholarly journals Use of Medicines with Unknown Fetal Risk among Parturient Women from the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽  
Tatiane da Silva Dal Pizzol ◽  
Aline Lins Camargo ◽  
Aluísio J. D. Barros ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
White Skin ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Fetal Risk ◽  
Potential Risks

Background. To estimate the exposure to medicines with unknown fetal risk during pregnancy and to analyze the maternal characteristics associated with it.Methods. A questionnaire was administered to 4,189 mothers of children belonging to the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study about use of any medicine during gestation. We evaluated the associations between use of medicines with unknown fetal risk and the independent variables through logistic regression models. Unknown fetal risk was defined as medicines in which studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus, and no controlled studies in women, or studies in women and animals, are available.Results. Out of the 4,189 women, 52.5% used at least one medicine from unknown fetal risk. Use of these medicines was associated with white skin color, high schooling, high income, six or more antenatal care consultations, hospital admission during pregnancy, and morbidity during gestation.Conclusion. The use of unknown fetal risk medicines is high, suggesting that their use must be addressed with caution with the aim of restricting their use to cases in which the benefits are greater than the potential risks.

Morning salivary cortisol and cognitive function in mid-life: evidence from a population-based birth cohort

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1763-1773 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.-C. Geoffroy ◽  
C. Hertzman ◽  
L. Li ◽  
C. Power
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
Cortisol Levels

BackgroundThe hormone ‘cortisol’ has been associated with cognitive deficits in older ages, and also with childhood cognition. The extent to which the associations of cortisol with cognitive deficits in later life reflect associations with childhood cognition ability is unclear. This study aimed to assess associations between adult cortisol levels and subsequent cognitive functions, while considering childhood cognition and other lifetime covariates.MethodData are from the 1958 British Birth Cohort. Two morning salivary cortisol samples were obtained at 45 years: 45 min after waking (t1) and 3 h later (t2). Standardized tests assessing immediate and delayed verbal memory, verbal fluency and speed of processing were administered at 50 years. Information on cortisol, cognitive outcomes and covariates [e.g. birthweight, lifetime socio-economic position (SEP), education, smoking and drinking habits, body mass index (BMI), menopausal status, and depression/anxiety] was obtained for 4655 participants.ResultsWorse immediate and delayed verbal memory and verbal fluency at 50 years were predicted by elevated t2 cortisol at 45 years. For instance, for 1 standard deviation (s.d.) increase in t2 cortisol, individuals scored −0.05 s.d. lower on verbal memory and fluency tests. Childhood cognition explained about 30% of these associations, but associations with adult cognition remained.ConclusionsThis study suggests that higher cortisol levels in late morning at 45 years are associated with poorer verbal memory and fluency at 50 years, with a contribution from childhood cognition to these associations.

scholarly journals The High-Risk Type 1 Diabetes HLA-DR and HLA-DQ Polymorphisms Are Differentially Associated With Growth and IGF-I Levels in Infancy: The Cambridge Baby Growth Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antigoni Eleftheriou ◽  
Clive J. Petry ◽  
Ieuan A. Hughes ◽  
Ken K. Ong ◽  
David B. Dunger
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
General Population ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Growth Study ◽  
Hla Dq ◽  
Igfbp 3

<p><a>OBJECTIVE </a></p> <p><a>This study explored the link between HLA polymorphisms that predispose to type 1 diabetes and birth size, infancy growth and/or circulating IGF-1 in a general population-based birth cohort.</a></p> <p>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</p> <p>The Cambridge Baby Growth Study is a prospective observational birth cohort study that recruited 2,229 newborns for follow-up in infancy. Of these, 612 children had DNA available for genotyping single nucleotide polymorphisms in the HLA region that capture the highest risk of type 1 diabetes: rs17426593 for <i>DR4</i>, rs2187668 for <i>DR3</i> and rs7454108 for <i>DQ8</i>. Multivariate linear regression models at critical ages (cross-sectional) and mixed-effects models (longitudinal) were performed under additive genetic effects to test for associations between HLA polymorphisms and infancy weight, length, skinfold thickness (indicator of adiposity), and concentrations of IGF-1 and IGF-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3).</p> <p>RESULTS</p> <p>In longitudinal models, the minor allele of rs2187668 tagging <i>DR3</i> was associated with faster linear growth (<i>P</i>=0.007), more pronounced in boys (<i>P</i>=3x10<sup>-7</sup>) than girls (<i>P</i>=0.07), and with increasing IGF-1 (<i>P</i>=0.002) and IGFBP-3 (<i>P</i>=0.003) concentrations in infancy. Cross-sectionally, the minor alleles of rs7454108 tagging <i>DQ8</i> and rs17426593 tagging <i>DR4</i> were respectively associated with lower IGF-1 concentrations at age 12 months (<i>P</i>=0.003) and greater skinfold thickness at age 24 months (<i>P</i>=0.003).</p> <p> </p> <p>CONCLUSIONS</p> <p>The variable associations of <i>DR4</i>, <i>DR3</i> and <i>DQ8</i> alleles<i> </i>with growth measures and IGF-1 levels in infants from the general population could explain the heterogeneous growth trajectories observed in genetically at-risk cohorts. These findings could suggest distinct mechanisms involving endocrine pathways related to the HLA-conferred type 1 diabetes risk.</p>

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