scholarly journals Effects of Socio-Environmental Factors on Malaria Infection in Pakistan: A Bayesian Spatial Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq Umer ◽  
Shumaila Zofeen ◽  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Wenbiao Hu ◽  
Xin Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Malaria Control Program ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Bayesian Spatial Analysis

The role of socio-environmental factors in shaping malaria dynamics is complex and inconsistent. Effects of socio-environmental factors on malaria in Pakistan at district level were examined. Annual malaria cases data were obtained from Directorate of Malaria Control Program, Pakistan. Meteorological data were supplied by Pakistan Meteorological Department. A major limitation was the use of yearly, rather than monthly/weekly malaria data in this study. Population data, socio-economic data and education score data were downloaded from internet. Bayesian conditional autoregressive model was used to find the statistical association of socio-environmental factors with malaria in Pakistan. From 136/146 districts in Pakistan, >750,000 confirmed malaria cases were included, over a three years’ period (2013–2015). Socioeconomic status ((posterior mean value −3.965, (2.5% quintile, −6.297%), (97.5% quintile, −1.754%)) and human population density (−7.41 × 10−4, −0.001406%, −1.05 × 10−4 %) were inversely related, while minimum temperature (0.1398, 0.05275%, 0.2145%) was directly proportional to malaria in Pakistan during the study period. Spatial random effect maps presented that moderate relative risk (RR, 0.75 to 1.24) and high RR (1.25 to 1.99) clusters were scattered throughout the country, outnumbering the ones’ with low RR (0.23 to 0.74). Socio-environmental variables influence annual malaria incidence in Pakistan and needs further evaluation.

scholarly journals Weaning results of beef Hungarian Fleckvieh calves 1. Environmental factors

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
F. Szabó ◽  
I. Füller ◽  
A. Fördős ◽  
S. Bene
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Least Square ◽  
The Other ◽  
Birth Season ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract. Weaning performance of 7 032 purebred Hungarian Fleckvieh calves (3 650 male and 3 382 female) born between 1981 and 2003 from 1 452 cows mated with 113 sires were analysed in two farms. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on weaning traits. Farm, age of cows, year of birth, season of birth and sex of calves as fixed, while sire as a random effect was treated. Data were analysed with HARVEY’s (1990) Least Square Maximum Likelihood Computer Program. The overall mean value and standard error of weaning weight, preweaning daily gain and 205-day weight were 214 ± 3.01 kg, 980 ± 17.31 g/day and 236 ± 3.40 kg, respectively. The mean age of the analysed calves was 181 ± 33 days. The results of the examination show that weaning weight, preweaning daily gain and 205-day weight increased as far as the 6 year age cows (the maximum were 226 ± 3.13 kg, 1 049 ± 17.89 g/day, 251 ± 3.54 kg). As for the season effect the calves born in summer were smaller (208 ± 3.12 kg, 946 ± 17.84 g/day and 230 ± 3.52 kg) than that of born in the other seasons (P<0.001). The male calves were heavier than females, the difference was 12 kg, 50 g/day, 16 kg, respectively (P<0.001). The best year was 1985, the worst 2000.

scholarly journals Study on the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Organizational Commitment for Male Teachers at Elementary Schools in Academic Year of 2013-2014, in Quchan City, Iran

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Saremi ◽  
Morteza Rajab Pur Farkhani
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims at investigating the relationship between spiritual intelligence and organizational commitment in male teachers of elementary schools in Quchan in the 2013-2014 school years. This is an applied research. Since the researcher sought to study the relationship between the two components, this is correlation research. Considering the variables studied, statistical population was all male teachers in grades three and four at elementary school in Quchan in the 2013-2014 school years. Total number of teachers obtained from Quchan Department of Education was 98 and due to the small size of study population, sampling wasn't performed and the sample was considered equal to the population. Data collection tools were Meyer and Allen's organizational commitment questionnaire and Abdullah Zadeh's spiritual intelligence questionnaire. Having completed the questionnaires, the researcher used mean central statistical indicators and standard deviation dispersion measures and variance for data analysis in descriptive statistics level and in inferential statistics level, they used multivariate linear regression statistic method.The results showed that there was not a significant correlation between total spiritual intelligence and total organizational commitment. There was not also a significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and its components with continuance and normative commitments. However, there was a significant correlation between spiritual intelligence and its components with affective commitment.The findings indicated that spiritual intelligence has been effective in maintaining and improving organizational commitment and it should be tried to improve spirituality and spiritual intelligence in employees and teachers.

scholarly journals The effect of environmental factors on the growth of alfalfa in the field.

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
G. Stanhill
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Crop Canopy

DM production from a heavily fertilized lucerne crop grown at Gilat and irrigated daily was compared with potential photosynthesis calculated from meteorological data [see F.C.A. 12: 1940]. After corrections were applied for losses due to respiration, root growth and light wasted beneath the crop canopy, calculated amounts agreed well with those measured. The percentage of light utilized was 33% with cutting at 31-day intervals and 46% with cutting at 48-day intervals. DM production was correlated positively with solar radiation and negatively with air temperature.-R.B. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals The Effects of Environmental Modifications on Improving the Sleep Quality of the Elderly Hospitalized in the Cardiac Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Shohani ◽  
Sanaz Azami ◽  
Hossein Seidkhani ◽  
Zeinab Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cardiac Care ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Improve Sleep Quality ◽  
Cardiac Care Unit

Background: Sleep deprivation is a common problem among the elderly in the cardiac care unit (CCU). Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effects of environmental modifications on sleep quality improvement in these people. Methods: The study population included 60 elderly patients whose sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index with even domains. The environmental factors that can disturb sleep quality were determined via a questionnaire, including 13 questions on a 5-point Likert scale. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed in SPSS 22 software via independent sample student t-test and chi-square. Results: After environmental modifications, the total sleep quality scores changed from 11.8 to 5.96, indicating sleep quality improvement. Before executing the environmental modifications, there were no significant correlations between sleep quality scores and demographic variables (sex, age, marital status, and economic status). However, after the modifications, there was a significant relationship between sleep quality and economic status (P = 0.024). Conclusions: Environmental factors can affect sleep quality in the elderly hospitalized in CCU. Therefore, it is possible to improve sleep quality in these individuals by modulating environmental conditions.

scholarly journals A literature-based review was made to assess the applications of GIS in veterinary epidemiology and its relevance in the prevention and control of animal diseases.

2020 ◽  
pp. 047-051
Author(s):  
Fayisa Wakgari Oljira
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Veterinary Epidemiology ◽  
And Control

A literature-based review was made to assess the applications of GIS in veterinary epidemiology and its relevance in the prevention and control of animal diseases. GIS is “a powerful set of tools for collecting, retrieving, transforming, and displaying spatial data from the real world”. Overall, a GIS is a platform consisting of hardware, software, data, and people and encompasses a fundamental and universally applicable set of value-added tools for capturing, transforming, managing, analyzing, and presenting information that is geographically referenced. These data can be combined with population data and previous disease records for the prediction of diseases. Applications of GIS are very wide in all human activities. It is used for marketing studies, telecommunications, and the location of restaurants, museums, and hospitals; in tracking truck traffic; in establishing maps of animal population density by species or maps of changes in vegetation; in locating forests, rivers, and mountains and in determining soil compositions. The application of GIS to the veterinary field has been developed over the last decade. Specialized software is becoming more affordable and user friendly. GIS can be applied in veterinary epidemiology for investigation of complex disease problems, GIS is used for early warning systems, for recording and reporting disease information and for planning animal disease prevention and control program. One of the most useful functions of GIS in epidemiology is its utility in basic mapping. It is believed that GIS will play an important role in the control and eradication of epidemic Transboundary Animal Diseases (TADs). Thus training of veterinary staff on GIS, its tools, and applications are highly recommended.

Clustering of Brugia malayi infection in a community in South-Sulawesi, Indonesia

Parasitology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. TERHELL ◽  
J. J. HOUWING-DUISTERMAAT ◽  
Y. RUITERMAN ◽  
M. HAARBRINK ◽  
K. ABADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Familial Aggregation ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Filarial Infection ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Specific Igg4 ◽  
Infection Susceptibility ◽  
Study Population

The present study was undertaken in village Karondang in South-Sulawesi, Indonesia, to investigate the influences of genetic, household and environmental factors on Brugia malayi infection. Infection status was determined by measuring both microfilariae in night blood and anti-filarial IgG4, as a marker for detection of active filarial infection. A total of 171 residents participated in the study; familial relationships between subjects were registered to construct pedigrees and distances between households were measured. The data were analysed using a test statistic for familial aggregation. For distribution of microfilariae over the study population a genetic influence on infection susceptibility was favoured over the household and environmental effects. For anti-filarial IgG4, all 3 clustering models gave significant results, suggesting that genetic, household and/or environmental factors influence specific IgG4 antibodies.

scholarly journals The Effect of Age, Gender, Refractive Status and Axial Length on the Measurements of Hertel Exophthalmometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Karti ◽  
Ozlem B Selver ◽  
Eyyup Karahan ◽  
Mehmet O Zengin ◽  
Murat Uyar
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Length Standard ◽  
Refractive Status ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Healthy Females

Purpose : To evaluate the normal distribution of exophthalmometric values in Turkish adult population and the effect of age, gender, refractive status and axial length on globe position. Methods : One hundred and twenty-two males and 114 healthy females with age ranging from 18 to 87 years were included in the study. The study population was recruited from patients presenting to our institution for routine refractive examination. Hertel exophthalmometer was used to measure the degree of ocular protrusion. Effect of age, refractive error, interpupillary distance, and axial length on globe position was detected with linear regression analyses. Results : The mean Hertel exophthalmometric size was 15.7+2.6 mm (range; 11 to 21 mm). The mean value for males was 16.1±2.6 mm (range; 11 to 21 mm), and for females 15.5±2.6 mm (range; 11 to 20 mm). The mean distance between the lateral rims of the orbit was 102 + 5.1 mm (range; 88 to 111mm). The mean exophthalmometric values were not statistically different in males and females. Age and mean spherical equivalents were negatively correlated with exophthalmometric measurements. Axial length was positively correlated with exophthalmometric measurements. Conclusion : The exophthalmometric measurement of the eye is affected by the age, spherical equivalent and the axial length. Standard normative values of the Hertel exophthalmometric measurements should be reevaluated with larger samples.

scholarly journals The association of cellulitis incidence and meteorological factors in Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Jun Hsu ◽  
Chia-Cheng Chou ◽  
Jui-Ming Liu ◽  
See-Tong Pang ◽  
Chien-Yu Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
The Public ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Central Weather Bureau

AbstractCellulitis is a common infection of the skin and soft tissue. Susceptibility to cellulitis is related to microorganism virulence, the host immunity status and environmental factors. This retrospective study from 2001 to 2013 investigated relationships between the monthly incidence rate of cellulitis and meteorological factors using data from the Taiwanese Health Insurance Dataset and the Taiwanese Central Weather Bureau. Meteorological data included temperature, hours of sunshine, relative humidity, total rainfall and total number of rainy days. In otal, 195 841 patients were diagnosed with cellulitis and the incidence rate was strongly correlated with temperature (γS = 0.84, P < 0.001), total sunshine hours (γS = 0.65, P < 0.001) and total rainfall (γS = 0.53, P < 0.001). The incidence rate of cellulitis increased by 3.47/100 000 cases for every 1° elevation in environmental temperature. Our results may assist clinicians in educating the public of the increased risk of cellulitis during warm seasons and possible predisposing environmental factors for infection.

scholarly journals Keck constraints on a varying fine-structure constant: wavelength calibration errors

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (H15) ◽  
pp. 315-315
Author(s):  
Michael T. Murphy ◽  
John K. Webb ◽  
Victor V. Flambaum
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Structure Constant ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Fine Structure Constant ◽  
Median Error ◽  
Systematic Effects ◽  
Value Changes

AbstractThe Keck telescope's High Resolution Spectrograph (HIRES) has previously provided evidence for a smaller fine-structure constant, α, compared to the current laboratory value, in a sample of 143 quasar absorption systems: Δα/α=(-0.57±0.11)×10−5. The analysis was based on a variety of metal-ion transitions which, if α varies, experience different relative velocity shifts. This result is yet to be robustly contradicted, or confirmed, by measurements on other telescopes and spectrographs; it remains crucial to do so. It is also important to consider new possible instrumental systematic effects which may explain the Keck/HIRES results. Griest et al. (2009) recently identified distortions in the echelle order wavelength scales of HIRES with typical amplitudes ±250 m s−1. Here we investigate the effect such distortions may have had on the Keck/HIRES varying α results. Using a simple model of these intra-order distortions, we demonstrate that they cause a random effect on Δα/α from absorber to absorber because the systems are at different redshifts, placing the relevant absorption lines at different positions in different echelle orders. The typical magnitude of the effect on Δα/α is ~0.4×10−5 for individual absorbers which, compared to the median error on Δα/α in the sample, ~1.9×10−5, is relatively small. Consequently, the weighted mean value changes by less than 0.05×10−5 if the corrections we calculate are applied. Unsurprisingly, with corrections this small, we do not find direct evidence that applying them is actually warranted. Nevertheless, we urge caution, particularly for analyses aiming to achieve high precision Δα/α measurements on individual systems or small samples, that a much more detailed understanding of such intra-order distortions and their dependence on observational parameters is important if they are to be avoided or modelled reliably.

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