scholarly journals Glia and Neural Stem and Progenitor Cells of the Healthy and Ischemic Brain: The Workplace for the Wnt Signaling Pathway

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 804
Author(s):  
Tomas Knotek ◽  
Lucie Janeckova ◽  
Jan Kriska ◽  
Vladimir Korinek ◽  
Miroslava Anderova
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells

Wnt signaling plays an important role in the self-renewal, fate-commitment and survival of the neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs) of the adult central nervous system (CNS). Ischemic stroke impairs the proper functioning of the CNS and, therefore, active Wnt signaling may prevent, ameliorate, or even reverse the negative effects of ischemic brain injury. In this review, we provide the current knowledge of Wnt signaling in the adult CNS, its status in diverse cell types, and the Wnt pathway’s impact on the properties of NS/PCs and glial cells in the context of ischemic injury. Finally, we summarize promising strategies that might be considered for stroke therapy, and we outline possible future directions of the field.

scholarly journals Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Promotes Differentiation of Ischemia-Activated Adult Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells to Neuronal Precursors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kriska ◽  
Lucie Janeckova ◽  
Denisa Kirdajova ◽  
Pavel Honsa ◽  
Tomas Knotek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Wnt Pathway ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells ◽  
The Impact

Modulating endogenous regenerative processes may represent a suitable treatment for central nervous system (CNS) injuries, such as stroke or trauma. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs), which naturally reside in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult brain, proliferate and differentiate to other cell types, and therefore may compensate the negative consequences of ischemic injury. The fate of NS/PCs in the developing brain is largely influenced by Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) signaling; however, its role in the differentiation of adult NS/PCs under ischemic conditions is still enigmatic. In our previous study, we identified the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a factor promoting neurogenesis at the expense of gliogenesis in neonatal mice. In this study, we used adult transgenic mice in order to assess the impact of the canonical Wnt pathway modulation (inhibition or hyper-activation) on NS/PCs derived from the SVZ, and combined it with the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to disclose the effect of focal cerebral ischemia (FCI). Based on the electrophysiological properties of cultured cells, we first identified three cell types that represented in vitro differentiated NS/PCs – astrocytes, neuron-like cells, and precursor cells. Following FCI, we detected fewer neuron-like cells after Wnt signaling inhibition. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical analysis revealed an overall higher expression of cell-type-specific proteins after FCI, indicating increased proliferation and differentiation rates of NS/PCs in the SVZ. Remarkably, Wnt signaling hyper-activation increased the abundance of proliferating and neuron-like cells, while Wnt pathway inhibition had the opposite effect. Finally, the expression profiling at the single cell level revealed an increased proportion of neural stem cells and neuroblasts after FCI. These observations indicate that Wnt signaling enhances NS/PCs-based regeneration in the adult mouse brain following FCI, and supports neuronal differentiation in the SVZ.

Wnt signaling pathway regulates the differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. S41-S41
Author(s):  
Yang Bi ◽  
Yun He ◽  
Tingyu Li ◽  
Tao Feng ◽  
Tongchuan He
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Hepatic Progenitor Cells

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid Receptor β (GRβ): Beyond Its Dominant-Negative Function

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3649
Author(s):  
Patricia Ramos-Ramírez ◽  
Omar Tliba
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Glucocorticoids (GCs) act via the GC receptor (GR), a receptor ubiquitously expressed in the body where it drives a broad spectrum of responses within distinct cell types and tissues, which vary in strength and specificity. The variability of GR-mediated cell responses is further extended by the existence of GR isoforms, such as GRα and GRβ, generated through alternative splicing mechanisms. While GRα is the classic receptor responsible for GC actions, GRβ has been implicated in the impairment of GRα-mediated activities. Interestingly, in contrast to the popular belief that GRβ actions are restricted to its dominant-negative effects on GRα-mediated responses, GRβ has been shown to have intrinsic activities and “directly” regulates a plethora of genes related to inflammatory process, cell communication, migration, and malignancy, each in a GRα-independent manner. Furthermore, GRβ has been associated with increased cell migration, growth, and reduced sensitivity to GC-induced apoptosis. We will summarize the current knowledge of GRβ-mediated responses, with a focus on the GRα-independent/intrinsic effects of GRβ and the associated non-canonical signaling pathways. Where appropriate, potential links to airway inflammatory diseases will be highlighted.

scholarly journals Neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyang Xu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Lihua Shi ◽  
Xiaoli Yang ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Neural Genes ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells

Abstract Background Previous studies demonstrated the dependence of cancer on nerve. Recently, a growing number of studies reveal that cancer cells share the property and regulatory network with neural stem/progenitor cells. However, relationship between the property of neural stemness and cell tumorigenicity is unknown. Results We show that neural stem/progenitor cells, but not non-neural embryonic or somatic stem/progenitor cell types, exhibit tumorigenicity and the potential for differentiation into tissue types of all germ layers when they are placed in non-native environment by transplantation into immunodeficient nude mice. Likewise, cancer cells capable of tumor initiation have the property of neural stemness because of their abilities in neurosphere formation in neural stem cell-specific serum-free medium and in differentiation potential, in addition to their neuronal differentiation potential that was characterized previously. Moreover, loss of a pro-differentiation factor in myoblasts, which have no tumorigenicity, lead to the loss of myoblast identity, and gain of the property of neural stemness, tumorigenicity and potential for re-differentiation. By contrast, loss of neural stemness via differentiation results in the loss of tumorigenicity. These suggest that the property of neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity, and tumor phenotypic heterogeneity might be an effect of differentiation potential of neural stemness. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that neural genes in general are correlated with embryonic development and cancer, in addition to their role in neural development; whereas non-neural genes are not. Most of neural specific genes emerged in typical species representing transition from unicellularity to multicellularity during evolution. Genes in Monosiga brevicollis, a unicellular species that is a closest known relative of metazoans, are biased toward neural cells. Conclusions We suggest that the property of neural stemness is the source of cell tumorigenicity. This is due to that neural biased unicellular state is the ground state for multicellularity and hence cell type diversification or differentiation during evolution, and tumorigenesis is a process of restoration of neural ground state in somatic cells along a default route that is pre-determined by an evolutionary advantage of neural state.

scholarly journals Neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyang Xu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Lihua Shi ◽  
Xiaoli Yang ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Neural Genes ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells

Abstract Background: Previous studies demonstrated the dependence of cancer on nerve. Recently, a growing number of studies reveal that cancer cells share the property and regulatory network with neural stem/progenitor cells. However, relationship between the property of neural stemness and cell tumorigenicity is unknown.Results: We show that neural stem/progenitor cells, but not non-neural embryonic or somatic stem/progenitor cell types, exhibit tumorigenicity and the potential for differentiation into tissue types of all germ layers when they are placed in non-native environment by transplantation into immunodeficient nude mice. Likewise, cancer cells capable of tumor initiation have the property of neural stemness because of their abilities in neurosphere formation in neural stem cell-specific serum-free medium and in differentiation potential, in addition to their neuronal differentiation potential that was characterized previously. Moreover, loss of a pro-differentiation factor in myoblasts, which have no tumorigenicity, lead to the loss of myoblast identity, and gain of the property of neural stemness, tumorigenicity and potential for re-differentiation. By contrast, loss of neural stemness via differentiation results in the loss of tumorigenicity. These suggest that the property of neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity, and tumor phenotypic heterogeneity might be an effect of differentiation potential of neural stemness. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that neural genes in general are correlated with embryonic development and cancer, in addition to their role in neural development; whereas non-neural genes are not. Most of neural specific genes emerged in typical species representing transition from unicellularity to multicellularity during evolution. Genes in Monosiga brevicollis, a unicellular species that is a closest known relative of metazoans, are biased toward neural cells.Conclusions: We suggest that the property of neural stemness is the source of cell tumorigenicity. This is due to that neural biased unicellular state is the ground state for multicellularity and hence cell type diversification or differentiation during evolution, and tumorigenesis is a process of restoration of neural ground state in somatic cells along a default route that is pre-determined by an evolutionary advantage of neural state.

Bmi1 Regulates Wnt Signaling in Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yu ◽  
Rui Gao ◽  
Sisi Chen ◽  
Xicheng Liu ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

Manipulating Wnt signaling at different subcellular levels affects the fate of neonatal neural stem/progenitor cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 1651 ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kriska ◽  
Pavel Honsa ◽  
David Dzamba ◽  
Olena Butenko ◽  
Denisa Kolenicova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells

scholarly journals Neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liyang Xu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Lihua Shi ◽  
Xiaoli Yang ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Neural Genes ◽  
Neural Stem Progenitor Cells

Abstract Background Previous studies demonstrated the dependence of cancer on nerve. Recently, a growing number of studies reveal that cancer cells share the property and regulatory network with neural stem/progenitor cells. However, relationship between the property of neural stemness and cell tumorigenicity is unknown. Results We show that neural stem/progenitor cells, but not non-neural embryonic or somatic stem/progenitor cell types, exhibit tumorigenicity and the potential for differentiation into tissue types of all germ layers when they are placed in non-native environment by transplantation into immunodeficient nude mice. Likewise, cancer cells capable of tumor initiation have the property of neural stemness because of their abilities in neurosphere formation in neural stem cell-specific serum-free medium and in differentiation potential, in addition to their neuronal differentiation potential that was characterized previously. Moreover, loss of a pro-differentiation factor in myoblasts, which have no tumorigenicity, lead to the loss of myoblast identity, and gain of the property of neural stemness, tumorigenicity and potential for re-differentiation. These suggest that the property of neural stemness contributes to cell tumorigenicity, and tumor phenotypic heterogeneity might be an effect of differentiation potential of neural stemness. Bioinformatic analysis reveals that neural genes in general are correlated with embryonic development and cancer, in addition to their role in neural development; whereas non-neural genes are not. Most of neural specific genes emerged in typical species representing transition from unicellularity to multicellularity during evolution. Genes in Monosiga brevicollis, a unicellular species that is a closest known relative of metazoans, are biased toward neural cells. Conclusions We suggest that the property of neural stemness is the source of cell tumorigenicity. This is due to that neural biased unicellular state is the ground state for multicellularity and hence cell type diversification or differentiation during evolution, and tumorigenesis is a process of restoration of neural ground state in somatic cells along a default route that is pre-determined by an evolutionary advantage of neural state.

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