scholarly journals AMPD1 C34T Polymorphism (rs17602729) Is Not Associated with Post-Exercise Changes of Body Weight, Body Composition, and Biochemical Parameters in Caucasian Females

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 558
Author(s):  
Agata Leońska-Duniec ◽  
Ewelina Maculewicz ◽  
Kinga Humińska-Lisowska ◽  
Agnieszka Maciejewska-Skrendo ◽  
Katarzyna Leźnicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact

Background: The C34T polymorphism (rs 17602729) in adenosine monophosphate deaminase 1 gene (AMPD1) is associated with muscular energy metabolism in exercise. However, the role of its potential modifying impact on exercise-induced changes in obesity related parameters is unknown. The aim of the study was to determine if the C34T polymorphism influences the effects of an exercise training. Methods: This study examines a group of one hundred and sixty-eight, young, non-obese Caucasian women in Poland who took part in a 12-week aerobic training program to determine the impact of allele and genotype distribution on training outcomes. Results: A two-way analysis of variance ANOVA was conducted assuming a dominant model by pooling rare homozygotes and heterozygotes (TT + CT, n = 79) and comparing against common homozygotes (CC, n = 89). Our results showed that the AMPD1 C34T polymorphism was not related with selected parameters in study group. After completing the 12-week training program, a wide array of parameters (body mass, body mass index, fat mass, free fat mass, total body water) were significantly changed in the study participants with the exception of AMPD1 genotypes, among whom no significant changes were observed. Conclusions: The results did not confirm that harboring the rs 17602729 T allele influences the effects of the training program.

Body condition assessment and prediction of fasting endurance in wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Boos ◽  
C. Thouzeau ◽  
G. Delacour ◽  
M. Artois ◽  
S. Marchandeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Oryctolagus Cuniculus ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Kidney Fat ◽  
Kidney Fat Index ◽  
Lipid Stores ◽  
The Impact

In many species, reproductive success, resistance to food shortage and immune response to parasitism depend on body nutrient reserves. Thus, determining body fuels is important for studying the impact of the environment on animal fitness. As an alternative to the usual biochemical methods, we have defined models for estimating body composition in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The accuracy of the indices obtained on a source group was tested on an independent group. The models were applicable regardless of age, sex or season. The intact body mass already accounted for 90% of the protein variability. The most accurate equation combining dry body mass and interscapular fat mass explained 99% of the protein variations. Intact body mass and the kidney fat index were poor estimators of lipid stores (r2 = 0.45) but 90% of the variation was explained by an equation combining the interscapular fat mass and the hind leg length. None of the predictive equations significantly over- or underestimated body reserves. The usefulness of the models was assessed by estimating fasting endurance during winter. Individual estimates, ranging from two to eight days, did not differ by more than 0.5 day from the fasting endurance obtained from actual mobilisable body nutrients. In such lean species (adiposity 2–4%), proteins may account for up to 40% of the available energy reserves and survival is likely to be linked to the continuous availability of food resources. These results stress the need to determine proteins and not only lipids to have a pertinent tool for the management of wild animal populations, particularly in lean species.

scholarly journals Body Mass and Fat Mass in Refractory Asthma: An Observational 1 Year Follow-Up Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Bafadhel ◽  
Amisha Singapuri ◽  
Sarah Terry ◽  
Beverley Hargadon ◽  
William Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Asthma Control Questionnaire ◽  
Loss Of Weight ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Refractory Asthma

Background. Asthma and obesity are common; however the impact of obesity upon asthma remains uncertain. Objectives. To assess relationships between obesity and fat mass with airway inflammation, lung function, and disease control in patients with refractory asthma. Methods. 151 refractory asthma patients were characterised for measures of airway inflammation, lung function, Juniper asthma control questionnaire (JACQ), body mass index (BMI), and fat mass index (FMI) derived from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Patients were reassessed over 12 months. Results. 74% of patients had an elevated BMI. BMI and FMI correlated (r=0.9, P<.001). FMI and JACQ correlated in men (r=0.3, P=.01). After 12 months 23% lost weight. Weight change over 12 months correlated with FEV1 change (r=−0.3, P=.03), but not with change in JACQ or exacerbations. Conclusion. Increased fat mass is common in refractory asthma and is associated with asthma symptom control in men. Loss of weight is associated with improvement in lung function in refractory asthma.

scholarly journals Effects of Nordic Walking on Oxidant and Antioxidant Status: Levels of Calcidiol and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Middle-Aged Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wanda Pilch ◽  
Łukasz Tota ◽  
Anna Piotrowska ◽  
Ewa Śliwicka ◽  
Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Antioxidative Status

Objectives. Nordic walking (NW) is relatively new and popular type of physical exercise with less studied effects than other sports activities. The aim of the study was to analyze possible changes in somatic indices, oxidant and antioxidant status, interleukins, and calcidiol levels in middle-aged women after a 12-week NW training program. Study Design. In this study, we examined the effects of NW training on selected measures and changes in body weight, fat mass, and calcidiol levels. Methods. The study group consisted of 13 women (46 ± 4.2 years), who took part in trainings. Before and after the training program, some anthropometric indices were determined and selected biochemical parameters were measured in blood. Results. NW training led to a significant decrease of the total body mass and fat mass and to an increase in lean body mass (p<0.05). It also contributed to a significant increase in total antioxidative status (TAS) and calcidiol levels (p<0.05). Before training, a reverse correlation between IL-6 and total oxidative capacity (TOC) levels (p<0.05) was found, while after training between IL-6 and calcidiol levels (p≤0.001). Conclusions. 12-week NW training undertaken by premenopausal women not only has a positive effect on body composition but also on the plasma antioxidative capacity.

scholarly journals FABP2 Ala54Thr Polymorphism and Post-Training Changes of Body Composition and Biochemical Parameters in Caucasian Women

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Agata Leońska-Duniec ◽  
Katarzyna Świtała ◽  
Ildus I. Ahmetov ◽  
Craig Pickering ◽  
Myosotis Massidda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Modifying Effect ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Induced Changes

The functional FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism (rs1799883) is strongly associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, although the function of its potential modifying effect on training-induced changes in obesity-related parameters is still unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the Ala54Thr polymorphism on post-training changes of selected body mass and body composition measurements, as well as with biochemical parameters of energy metabolism. Accordingly, alleles and genotypes distribution in a group of 168 young, nonobese Caucasian women measured for chosen body composition parameters, lipid profile, and glucose levels before and after the completion of a 12-week aerobic training program were studied. Although the obtained results showed changes in body mass, BMI, FM, %FM, FFM, TBW, HDL-C, and glucose levels during the training program, none of the examined parameters changed significantly across the FABP2 genotypes. Instead, we found a main effect of genotype on BMI (p = 0.033), with carriers of the Thr54 allele having a higher BMI during the whole study period compared with the Ala54 carriers. We confirm that the FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism may help identify women at risk for overweight and obesity. However, we did not notice evidence of an interaction between physical activity and the Ala54Thr polymorphism on the examined parameters.

Effect Of Resistance Training In Children Who Are Overweight Or Obese – Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Strašilová ◽  
Petr Vajda ◽  
Tomáš Hlinský
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Before And After

Overweight and obese children often suffer for many physiological and psychological is-sues. Resistance training allows them to excel over their peers due to strength ability which is related to their somatotype. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an eight-week resistance training program on body composition in overweight and obese children. Study sample included 8 boys and 4 girls (age = 11.7 ± 1.54) who were involved in an eight-week strength specifically designed program consisted of two strength training unit per week. Resistance of exercise was set on 8‒10 RM. Body composition were measured by InBody 720 two times before and after the training intervention. The Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used. Results showed increase in total body weight (2.7%), lean body mass (2.5%) and fat mass (3.7%). This effect indicates that used resistance training program is suficient to lean body mass grow. Nevertheless, program proved to be inadequate to avoid an increase in fat mass. This could be caused by many factors which should be consider in further research (e.g. longer technique practice, diet, number of training units).

scholarly journals Lean Body Mass, but Not Fat Mass, Is Associated with Hippocampal Memory Performance (P14-011-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Golden ◽  
Kelsey Hassevoort ◽  
Corinne Cannavale ◽  
Caitlyn Edwards ◽  
Sharon Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives A converging body of evidence indicates elevated weight status is inversely related to memory forms that disproportionately rely on the hippocampus. However, much of this work has relied on BMI, resulting in a limited understanding of the impact of body composition on memory performance. Accordingly, this study investigated the influence of soft tissue compartments (i.e., lean and fat mass) on hippocampal-dependent memory function. Using a mnemonic discrimination task, we examined lure discrimination, a measure of hippocampal memory ability. It was anticipated that lean body mass would relate positively, and fat mass negatively to lure discrimination ability. Methods Participants included 216 individuals (134 females) between the ages of 25 and 46 years. Participants provided demographic information such as sex, age, and income. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess height-adjusted lean and fat mass (LMI and FMI, respectively). Lure discrimination, the ability to correctly identify objects similar to those seen during encoding, was assessed using the Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST). Bivariate correlations were conducted to determine demographic predictors of task performance. Subsequently, a linear regression model controlling for significant predictors was used to determine LMI and FMI influence on lure discrimination. Results Preliminary data analysis showed a positive correlation between BMI and MST performance. Follow-up bivariate correlations revealed an underlying positive association between LMI and lure discrimination (r = .153, P = .029), while FMI and lure discrimination were not significantly associated (r = .087, P = .218). A linear regression model controlling for age and income showed LMI accounted for a significant proportion of variance in lure discrimination (R2 = .070, P = .002), adjusting for demographic variables. Conclusions These findings indicate that while BMI is related to lure discrimination, this effect appears to be driven by LMI, but not FMI. Future studies are warranted to determine the impact of changes in lean mass on hippocampal memory performance. Funding Sources Funding provided by the Department of Kinesiology and Community Health at the University of Illinois and the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project 1009249. Partial support provided by the Hass Avocado Board.

scholarly journals Methodological issues of education monitoring and evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Naira Safaryan
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Strategic Analysis ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Education Management ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evaluation Work

This research explores the opportunities of monitoring education.  The research presents the monitoring as the general methodological basis of education management structure. The research also reveals the aspects of educational approach description or concept of the educational approach. The strategic analysis of an educational or training program is done. The function of monitoring as a necessary theoretical and methodological background to evaluation work is shown here. The research indicates the essence of evaluation as a main strategy of the training program. It showed the evaluation work as applied and strategic ways to examine the added -value and acknowledge the impact of educational or training methods. It shows the evaluation as a strategic analysis to inform practice and assess impact. The research also reveals the monitoring as a deeper level of analysis explores the added value of programs to inform future work and establishes a written record of practice. A separate supervising function of monitoring which practices addition and necessary theoretical and methodological background to evaluation work is shown here.

scholarly journals Impact of Exercise-induced Dehydration on Perceived Exertion During Endurance Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A Deshayes ◽  
Timothee Pancrate ◽  
Eric DB Goulet
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Body Mass Loss ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the impact of stressors on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is relevant from a performance and exercise adherence/participation standpoint. Athletes and recreationally active individuals dehydrate during exercise. No attempt has been made to systematically determine the impact of exercise-induced dehydration (EID) on RPE. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of EID on RPE during endurance exercise and examine the moderating effect of potential confounders using a meta-analytical approach. Data analyses were performed on raw RPE values using random-effects models weighted mean effect summaries and meta-regressions with robust standard errors, and with a practical meaningful effect set at 1 point difference between euhydration (EUH) and EID. Only controlled crossover studies measuring RPE with a Borg scale in healthy adults performing ≥ 30 min of continuous endurance exercise while dehydrating or drinking to maintain EUH were included. Sixteen studies were included, representing 147 individuals. Mean body mass loss with EUH was 0.5 ± 0.4%, compared to 2.3 ± 0.5% with EID (range 1.7 to 3.1%). Within an EID of 0.5 to 3% body mass, a maximum difference in RPE of 0.81 points (95% CI: 0.36-1.27) was observed between conditions. A meta-regression revealed that RPE increases by 0.21 points for each 1% increase in EID (95% CI: 0.12-0.31). Humidity, ambient temperature and aerobic capacity did not alter the relationship between EID and RPE. Therefore, the effect of EID on RPE is unlikely to be practically meaningful until a body mass loss of at least 3%.

scholarly journals Assessing Smart Glasses-based Foodservice Training: An Embodied Learning Theory Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Clark ◽  
Philip G. Crandall ◽  
Robert Pellegrino ◽  
Jessica Shabatura
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Embodied Learning ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Smart Glasses ◽  
De Se ◽  
The Impact

The present study evaluated simulated, hands on foodservice training delivered through smart glasses compared to passive, strictly video-based training. Handwashing performance variables, including frequency and efficacy, were measured along with post-training reactions. Participants in the strictly video-based group (N = 24) were four times more likely to wash hands than the smart glasses group (N = 25), (95% CI: 1.129 - 14.175). This research highlights how simulation training of handwashing with smart glasses can result in poorer learning outcomes compared to traditional training methods, potentially due to the psychological effects of hand cleansing. The observed training outcomes may also show the need to improve smart glasses-based training by finding ways to decrease attention demands and implementing augmented reality intelligence systems that can enforce training outcomes. Future research should utilize longitudinal studies to determine the impact of smart glasses-based training on food safety behavior habit formation. La présente étude a évalué une formation en service alimentaire active et appliquée, livrée par l’entremise de lunettes intelligentes, comparativement à une formation passive strictement basée sur la vidéo. Des variables de rendement relatives au lavage des mains ont été mesurées, y compris la fréquence et l’efficacité. Les participants du groupe dont la formation était strictement basée sur la vidéo (N = 24) étaient quatre fois plus susceptibles de se laver les mains que les participants du groupe aux lunettes intelligentes (N = 25), (95 % IC : 1,129 – 14,175). Les résultats soulignent que la formation par lunettes intelligentes dans laquelle les participants s’exercent à se laver les mains peut entraîner de moins bons résultats d’apprentissage que les méthodes de formation traditionnelles. Cela peut être dû à : a) la nature du contenu pédagogique, dans lequel la mémoire prospective intervient, comparativement à des études préalables avec l’apprentissage incarné et les lunettes intelligentes, qui ont évalué la mémoire rétrospective et les fonctions motrices, ou b) aux effets psychologiques sur la mémoire dont le groupe aux lunettes intelligentes aurait fait l’expérience durant la formation. Des études futures pourraient explorer l’effet de la formation par simulation à l’aide de lunettes intelligentes sur d’autres tâches de service alimentaire.

Leadership Development Initiatives of a Japanese Transnational Company Through Blended Mode

2018 ◽  
pp. 273-296
Author(s):  
Shikha Gera
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Current Case ◽  
Training Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transnational Company

The intent of the current case study of a Japanese multinational company is to document and understand the process of developing a transformational (quantum change producing) leadership style in its fast-track leaders in the South West Asia region. The researcher got an opportunity to observe the process of leadership development training that was delivered over a period both through virtual and face-to- ace mode. In the current case study, no instruments were used and therefore no objective data were available to gauge the impact of the training program. However, training partners had identified some of the training outcomes on participants such as 1) participants displayed initiatives to introduce change and persisted that change throughout the completion of the vision with positivity, 2) they examined self-strengths and weaknesses and demonstrated the ability to improve through feedback, and 3) they identified the business, financial, leadership, entrepreneurial, and other challenges at hand and designed the robust plans to overcome those. In short, the researcher can conclude with a reasonable confidence that the training program delivered online could be a success, particularly when it is blended with a FTF experience at some point.

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