scholarly journals Effects of Nordic Walking on Oxidant and Antioxidant Status: Levels of Calcidiol and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Middle-Aged Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Wanda Pilch ◽  
Łukasz Tota ◽  
Anna Piotrowska ◽  
Ewa Śliwicka ◽  
Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Antioxidative Status

Objectives. Nordic walking (NW) is relatively new and popular type of physical exercise with less studied effects than other sports activities. The aim of the study was to analyze possible changes in somatic indices, oxidant and antioxidant status, interleukins, and calcidiol levels in middle-aged women after a 12-week NW training program. Study Design. In this study, we examined the effects of NW training on selected measures and changes in body weight, fat mass, and calcidiol levels. Methods. The study group consisted of 13 women (46 ± 4.2 years), who took part in trainings. Before and after the training program, some anthropometric indices were determined and selected biochemical parameters were measured in blood. Results. NW training led to a significant decrease of the total body mass and fat mass and to an increase in lean body mass (p<0.05). It also contributed to a significant increase in total antioxidative status (TAS) and calcidiol levels (p<0.05). Before training, a reverse correlation between IL-6 and total oxidative capacity (TOC) levels (p<0.05) was found, while after training between IL-6 and calcidiol levels (p≤0.001). Conclusions. 12-week NW training undertaken by premenopausal women not only has a positive effect on body composition but also on the plasma antioxidative capacity.

scholarly journals The Effect of a 12-Week Health Training Program on Selected Anthropometric and Biochemical Variables in Middle-Aged Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanda Pilch ◽  
Łukasz Tota ◽  
Ewa Sadowska-Krępa ◽  
Anna Piotrowska ◽  
Magdalena Kępińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Health Training ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant

Regular moderate physical activity positively affects health, fitness, and body composition; it regulates the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines levels. Vitamin D plays an important regulatory role; its adequate levels correlate with low values of inflammation markers and an increase in muscle strength and fitness in exercising people. The study’s aim was to evaluate changes in somatic variables, oxidative stress, and inflammation markers, as well as blood calcidiol concentration in middle-aged healthy women after 12 weeks of aerobics classes—endurance exercises, including choreographic sequences, aiming to improve fitness and motor coordination. The training led to a significant reduction of body mass and fat tissue; it induced an increase in lean body mass. After the 12-week training program, plasma antioxidant status increased (0.65 ± 0.21,p<0.01) and the concentration of lipid peroxidation products decreased (0.07 ± 0.02,p<0.001). A significant increase in plasma antioxidant status associated with training could have reduced the level of proinflammatory interleukin as indicated by a positive correlation between these variables (rs= 0.64,p<0.05). The study proved that a 12-week health training program in physically inactive middle-aged women might provide improvements in their anthropometric parameters and selected biochemical indicators.

One- and two-year change in body composition as measured by DXA in a population-based cohort of older men and women

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2368-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Marco Pahor ◽  
Frances Tylavsky ◽  
Stephen B. Kritchevsky ◽  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body

Changing body composition has been suggested as a pathway to explain age-related functional decline. No data are available on the expected changes in body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population-based cohort of older persons. Body composition data at baseline, 1-yr follow-up, and 2-yr follow-up was measured by DXA in 2,040 well-functioning black and white men and women aged 70–79 yr, participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. After 2 yr, a small decline in total body mass was observed (men: −0.3%, women: −0.4%). Among men, fat-free mass and appendicular lean soft tissue mass (ALST) decreased by −1.1 and −0.8%, respectively, which was masked by a simultaneous increase in total fat mass (+2.0%). Among women, a decline in fat-free mass was observed after 2 yr only (−0.6%) with no change in ALST and body fat mass. After 2 yr, the decline in ALST was greater in blacks than whites. Change in total body mass was associated with change in ALST ( r = +0.58 to +0.70; P < 0.0001). Among participants who lost total body mass, men lost relatively more ALST than women, and blacks lost relatively more ALST than whites. In conclusion, the mean change in body composition after a 1- to 2-yr follow-up was 1–2% with a high interindividual variability. Loss of ALST was greater in men compared with women, and greater in blacks compared with whites, suggesting that men and blacks may be more prone to muscle loss.

scholarly journals Accounting for height in indices of body composition during childhood and adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda M. O'Keeffe ◽  
Abigail Fraser ◽  
Laura D. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Age And Sex

Correlations of body composition with height vary by age and sex during childhood. Standard approaches to accounting for height in measures of body composition (dividing by height (in meters)2) do not take this into account. Using measures of total body mass (TBM), fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) at ages nine, 11, 13, 15 and 18 years from a longitudinal UK cohort study (ALSPAC), we calculated indices of body composition at each age by dividing measures by height (in meters)2. We then produced age-and sex-specific powers of height using allometric regressions and calculated body composition indices by dividing measures by height raised to these powers. TBM, FM and FFM divided by height2 were correlated with height up-to age 11 in females. In males, TBM and FM divided by height2 were correlated with height up-to age 15 years while FM divided by height2 was correlated with height up-to age 11 years. Indices of body composition using age-and sex-specific powers were not correlated with height at any age. In early life, age-and sex-specific powers of height, rather than height in meters2, should be used to adjust body composition for height when measures of adiposity/mass independent of height are required.

scholarly journals Iron Status in Elderly Women Impacts Myostatin, Adiponectin and Osteocalcin Levels Induced by Nordic Walking Training

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129
Author(s):  
Jakub Kortas ◽  
Ewa Ziemann ◽  
Dariusz Juszczak ◽  
Katarzyna Micielska ◽  
Marta Kozłowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nordic Walking ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Increased Risk

Impaired iron metabolism is associated with increased risk of many morbidities. Exercise was shown to have a beneficial role; however, the mechanism is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between exerkines and iron metabolism in elderly women before and after 12 weeks of Nordic Walking (NW) training. Exerkines like myostatin, adiponectin, and osteocalcin have been shown to have several positive effects on metabolism. Thirty-six post-menopausal women (66 ± 5 years old, mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to a NW intervention group (n = 18; body mass, 68.8 ± 11.37 kg; fat, 23.43 ± 7.5 kg; free fat mass, 45.37 ± 5.92 kg) or a control group (n = 18; body mass, 68.34 ± 11.81 kg; fat, 23.61 ± 10.03 kg; free fat mass, 44.73 ± 3.9 kg). The training was performed three times a week for 12 weeks, with the intensity adjusted to 70% of the individual maximum ability. Before and one day after the 12-weeks intervention, performance indices were assessed using a senior fitness test. Blood samples (5 mL) were obtained from the participants between 7 and 8 AM, following an overnight fast, at baseline and one day immediately after the 12-week training program. A significant and large time × group interaction was observed for iron (NW: 98.6 ± 26.68 to 76.1 ± 15.31; CON: 100.6 ± 25.37 to 99.1 ± 27.2; p = 0.01; η p 2 = 0.21), myostatin (NW: 4.42 ± 1.97 to 3.83 ± 1.52; CON: 4.11 ± 0.95 to 4.84 ± 1.19; p = 0.00; η p 2 = 0.62), adiponectin (NW: 12.0 ± 9.46 to 14.6 ± 10.64; CON: 12.8 ± 8.99 to 11.9 ± 8.53; p = 0.00; η p 2 = 0.58), and osteocalcin (NW: 38.9 ± 26.04 to 41.6 ± 25.09; CON: 37.1 ± 33.2 to 37.2 ± 32.29; p = 0.03; η p 2 = 0.13). Furthermore, we have observed the correlations: basal ferritin levels were inversely correlated with changes in myostatin (r = −0.51, p = 0.05), change in adiponectin, and change in serum iron (r = −0.45, p = 0.05), basal iron, and osteocalcin after training (r = -0.55, p = 0.04). These findings indicate that iron modulates NW training-induced changes in exerkine levels.

Anamorelin in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer and cachexia: Results from the phase III studies ROMANA 1 and 2.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 175-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer S. Temel ◽  
David Christopher Currow ◽  
Kenneth Fearon ◽  
Ying Yan ◽  
John Friend ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body

175 Background: Cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome is common in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is characterized by loss of lean body mass (LBM) and negatively impacts quality of life. Anamorelin HCl (ANAM) is a novel investigational ghrelin receptor agonist with anabolic and appetite-enhancing activity. Methods: Two randomized, double-blind, Phase 3 ROMANA 1 (N = 484; NCT01387269) and ROMANA2, (N = 495; NCT01387282) trials assessed ANAM (100 mg) efficacy/safety versus placebo in patients with unresectable stage III/IV NSCLC and cachexia ( ≥ 5% weight loss within prior 6 months or BMI < 20 kg/m2) over 12 weeks. Co-primary endpoints were change from baseline over 12 weeks in LBM and hand grip strength (HGS). Secondary endpoints included changes in body weight and in the anorexia-cachexia subdomain of the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy questionnaire, and pooled survival from ROMANA 1 and 2. Exploratory post-hoc analyses determined change in total body and fat mass from baseline to 12 weeks. Results: Over 12 weeks ANAM significantly increased LBM vs placebo in ROMANA 1 (1.10 vs -0.44 kg, p < 0.001) and ROMANA 2 (0.75 vs -0.96 kg, p < 0.001); HGS was similar in the two arms. In both studies ANAM vs placebo increased body weight (2.20 vs 0.14 kg, p < 0.001; and 0.95 vs -0.57 kg, p < 0.001) and improved anorexia/cachexia symptoms (4.12 vs 1.92, p < 0.001; and 3.48 vs 1.34, p = 0.002). Increases in total body mass (2.87 vs 0.07 kg, p < 0.001; and 2.04 vs -0.59 kg, p < 0.001) and in fat mass (1.21 vs -0.13 kg, p < 0.001; and 0.77 vs 0.09 kg, p = 0.012) were observed for ANAM vs placebo. ANAM was well tolerated; the most frequent drug-related adverse event in ROMANA 1 and 2 was hyperglycemia (5.3% and 4.2%). There was no difference between study arms in median 1-year survival. Conclusions: In two global, Phase 3 studies, ANAM treatment for 12 weeks was well tolerated, and increased LBM, body weight, total body mass and fat mass indicating anabolic activity and suggesting restoration of energy balance in advanced NSCLC patients with cachexia. ANAM also improved anorexia-cachexia symptoms/concerns. Similar pooled survival was observed between the study arms. Clinical trial information: NCT01387269, NCT01387282.

Total Body Mass, Fat Mass, Fat-Free Mass, and Skeletal Muscle in Older People: Cross-Sectional Differences in 60-Year-Old Persons

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1633-1640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula G. Kyle ◽  
Laurence Genton ◽  
Didier Hans ◽  
Veronique L. Karsegard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Older People ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body

scholarly journals Fitness, Strength and Body Composition during Weight Loss in Women with Clinically Severe Obesity: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Obesity Facts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-321
Author(s):  
Clint T. Miller ◽  
Steve F. Fraser ◽  
Steve E. Selig ◽  
Toni Rice ◽  
Mariee Grima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Clinically Severe Obesity

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> To determine whether combined exercise training with an energy-restricted diet leads to improved physical fitness and body composition when compared to energy restriction alone in free-living premenopausal women with clinically severe obesity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Sixty premenopausal women (BMI of 40.4 ± 6.7) were randomised to energy restriction only (ER) or to exercise plus energy restriction (EXER) for 12 months. Body composition and fitness were measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. <b><i>Results:</i></b> VO<sub>2 peak</sub> improved more for EXER compared to ER at 3 (mean difference ± SEM 2.5 ± 0.9 mL ∙ kg<sup>–1</sup> ∙ min<sup>–1</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.006) and 6 (3.1 ± 1.2 mL ∙ kg<sup>–1</sup> ∙ min<sup>–1</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.007) but not 12 months (2.3 ± 1.6 mL ∙ kg<sup>–1</sup> ∙ min<sup>–1</sup>, <i>p</i> = 0.15). Muscle strength improved more for EXER compared to ER at all time points. No differences between groups for lean mass were observed at 12 months. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Combining exercise training with an energy-restricted diet did not lead to greater aerobic power, total body mass, fat mass or limit lean body mass loss at 12 months when compared to energy restriction alone for premenopausal women with clinically severe obesity in free-living situations. Future research should aim to determine an effective lifestyle approach which can be applied in the community setting for this high-risk group.

Effect Of Resistance Training In Children Who Are Overweight Or Obese – Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Strašilová ◽  
Petr Vajda ◽  
Tomáš Hlinský
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Resistance Training Program ◽  
Before And After

Overweight and obese children often suffer for many physiological and psychological is-sues. Resistance training allows them to excel over their peers due to strength ability which is related to their somatotype. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of an eight-week resistance training program on body composition in overweight and obese children. Study sample included 8 boys and 4 girls (age = 11.7 ± 1.54) who were involved in an eight-week strength specifically designed program consisted of two strength training unit per week. Resistance of exercise was set on 8‒10 RM. Body composition were measured by InBody 720 two times before and after the training intervention. The Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used. Results showed increase in total body weight (2.7%), lean body mass (2.5%) and fat mass (3.7%). This effect indicates that used resistance training program is suficient to lean body mass grow. Nevertheless, program proved to be inadequate to avoid an increase in fat mass. This could be caused by many factors which should be consider in further research (e.g. longer technique practice, diet, number of training units).

L-Carnitine Supplementation Combined with Aerobic Training Does Not Promote Weight Loss in Moderately Obese Women

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolph G. Villani ◽  
Jenelle Gannon ◽  
Megan Self ◽  
Peter A. Rich
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Body

L-Carnitine (L-C) transports fatty acids into mitochondria for oxidation and is marketed as a weight loss supplement. In a double-blind investigation to test the weight loss efficacy of L-C, 36 moderately overweight premenopausal women were pair matched on Body Mass Index (BMI) and randomly assigned to two groups (N = 18). For 8 weeks the L-C group ingested 2 g twice daily of L-C, while the placebo (P) group ingested the same amount of lactose. All subjects walked for 30 min (60—70% maximum heart rate) 4 days/ week. Body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE) and substrate utilization were estimated before and after treatment. For the subjects who completed the study (15 P, 13 L-C), no significant changes in mean total body mass (TBM), fat mass FM, and resting lipid utilization occurred over time, nor were there any significant differences between groups for any variable. Conversely REE increased significantly for all subjects, but no between group differences existed. Five of the L-C group experienced nausea or diarrhea and consequently did not complete the study. Eight weeks of L-C ingestion and walking did not significantly alter the TBM or FM of overweight women, thereby casting doubt on the efficacy of L-C supplementation for weight loss.

scholarly journals Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1831-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie H. Willis ◽  
Cris A. Slentz ◽  
Lori A. Bateman ◽  
A. Tamlyn Shields ◽  
Lucy W. Piner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Obese Adults ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Optimal Mode ◽  
Total Body

Recent guidelines on exercise for weight loss and weight maintenance include resistance training as part of the exercise prescription. Yet few studies have compared the effects of similar amounts of aerobic and resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight adults. STRRIDE AT/RT, a randomized trial, compared aerobic training, resistance training, and a combination of the two to determine the optimal mode of exercise for obesity reduction. Participants were 119 sedentary, overweight or obese adults who were randomized to one of three 8-mo exercise protocols: 1) RT: resistance training, 2) AT: aerobic training, and 3) AT/RT: aerobic and resistance training (combination of AT and RT). Primary outcomes included total body mass, fat mass, and lean body mass. The AT and AT/RT groups reduced total body mass and fat mass more than RT ( P < 0.05), but they were not different from each other. RT and AT/RT increased lean body mass more than AT ( P < 0.05). While requiring double the time commitment, a program of combined AT and RT did not result in significantly more fat mass or body mass reductions over AT alone. Balancing time commitments against health benefits, it appears that AT is the optimal mode of exercise for reducing fat mass and body mass, while a program including RT is needed for increasing lean mass in middle-aged, overweight/obese individuals.

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