scholarly journals Plant Biomass Production in Constructed Wetlands Treating Swine Wastewater in Tropical Climates

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Mayerlin Sandoval-Herazo ◽  
Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz ◽  
Eduardo Fernández Echeverria ◽  
Gregorio Fernández-Lambert ◽  
Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Climates

The production of both aboveground and belowground plant biomass in constructed wetlands (CW) is a poorly understood topic, although vegetation plays an important role in the process of pollutant removal from wastewater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the aboveground and belowground biomass production of Typha latifolia and Canna hybrids in a large-scale constructed wetland treating swine wastewater in tropical climates. Parameters, such as temperature, DO, pH, COD, TSS, TN, TP, and TC, as well as destructive and non-destructive biomass, were evaluated. It was found that, despite the high concentrations of pollutants, the vegetation adapted easily and also grew healthily despite being exposed to high concentrations of pollutants from swine water. Although Typha latifolia (426 plants) produced fewer plants than Canna hybrids (582 plants), the higher biomass of the Typha latifolia species was slightly higher than that of Canna hybrids by 5%. On the other hand, the proximity of the water inlet to the system decreased the capacity for the development of a greater number of seedlings. As for the elimination of pollutants, after treatment in the constructed wetland, COD: 83.6 ± 16.9%; TSS: 82.2 ± 17.7%; TN: 94.4 ± 15.8%; TP: 82.4 ± 23.2%; and TC: 94.4 ± 4.4% were significantly reduced. These results show that wetlands constructed as tertiary systems for the treatment of swine wastewater produce a large amount of plant biomass that significantly helps to reduce the concentrations of pollutants present in this type of water in tropical areas. The use of these plants is recommended in future wetland designs to treat swine wastewater.

Effect of polyaluminium chloride on phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands treated with swine wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2938-2943 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Reddy ◽  
Dean A. Forbes ◽  
P. G. Hunt ◽  
Johnsely S. Cyrus
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Anaerobic Lagoon ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Continuous Injection ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride ◽  
P Removal

Total phosphorus (TP) removal in aged constructed wetlands poses a challenge, especially when treated with swine wastewater with high concentrations of phosphorus (P). Our earlier studies with anaerobic lagoon swine wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands showed a decline in P removal (45–22%) with increased years of operation. These particular wetlands have been treated with swine wastewater every year since the first application in 1997. Preliminary lab-scale studies were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) in the removal of phosphate-P (PO4-P) from swine wastewater. The experimental objective was to increase the phosphorus treatment efficiency in constructed wetland by adding PAC as a precipitating agent. PAC was added by continuous injection to each wetland system at a rate of 3 L day−1 (1:5 dilution of concentrated PAC). Swine wastewater was added from an anaerobic lagoon to four constructed wetland cells (11m wide x 40m long) at TP loads of 5.4–6.1 kg ha−1day−1 in two experimental periods, September to November of 2008 and 2009. Treatment efficiency of two wetland systems: marsh-pond-marsh (M-P-M) and continuous marsh (CM) was compared. The wetlands were planted with cattails (Typha latifolia L.) and bulrushes (Scirpus americanus). In 2008, PAC treatment showed an increase of 27.5 and 40.8% of TP removal over control in M-P-M and CM respectively. Similar trend was also observed in the following year. PAC as a flocculant and precipitating agent showed potential to enhance TP removal in constructed wetlands treated with swine wastewater.

scholarly journals Constructed wetlands in the treatment of agro-industrial wastewater: A review

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar-Yam Sultana ◽  
Christos Akratos ◽  
Dimitrios Vayenas ◽  
Stavros Pavlou
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Wetland Type ◽  
Industrial Wastewaters ◽  
Hostile Environments

Due to their simplicity and low operation cost, constructed wetlands are becoming more prevalent in wastewater treatment all over the world. Their range of applications is no longer limited to municipal wastewater but has expanded to the treatment of heavily polluted wastewaters such as agro-industrial effluents. This paper provides a comprehensive literature review of the application of constructed wetlands in treating a variety of agro-industrial wastewaters, and discusses pollutant surface loads and the role of constructed wetland type, prior-treatment stages and plant species in pollutant removal efficiency. Results indicate that constructed wetlands can tolerate high pollutant loads and toxic substances without losing their removal ability, thus these systems are very effective bio-reactors even in hostile environments. Additionally, the review outlines issues that could improve pollutant treatment efficiency and proposes design and operation suggestions such as suitable vegetation, porous media and constructed wetland plain view. Finally, a decision tree for designing constructed wetlands treating agro-industrial wastewaters provides an initial design tool for scientists and engineers.

Evaluation of constructed wetlands by wastewater purification ability and greenhouse gas emissions

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Gui ◽  
R. Inamori ◽  
M. Matsumura ◽  
Y. Inamori
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Gas Emissions

Domestic wastewater is a significant source of nitrogen and phosphorus, which cause lake eutrophication. Among the wastewater treatment technologies, constructed wetlands are a promising low-cost means of treating point and diffuse sources of domestic wastewater in rural areas. However, the sustainable operation of constructed wetland treatment systems depends upon a high rate conversion of organic and nitrogenous loading into their metabolic gaseous end products, such as N2O and CH4. In this study, we examined and compared the performance of three typical types of constructed wetlands: Free Water Surface (FWS), Subsurface Flow (SF) and Vertical Flow (VF) wetlands. Pollutant removal efficiency and N2O and CH4 emissions were assessed as measures of performance. We found that the pollutant removal rates and gas emissions measured in the wetlands exhibited clear seasonal changes, and these changes were closely associated with plant growth. VF wetlands exhibited stable removal of organic pollutants and NH3-N throughout the experiment regardless of season and showed great potential for CH4 adsorption. SF wetlands showed preferable T-N removal performance and a lower risk of greenhouse gas emissions than FWS wetlands. Soil oxidation reduction potential (ORP) analysis revealed that water flow structure and plant growth influenced constructed wetland oxygen transfer, and these variations resulted in seasonal changes of ORP distribution inside wetlands that were accompanied by fluctuations in pollutant removal and greenhouse gas emissions.

Reversing Clogging in Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands by Backwashing Treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 129-131 ◽  
pp. 1064-1068
Author(s):  
Fei Ma ◽  
Li Jiang ◽  
Ting Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
The World ◽  
Design Guidance

More and more constructed wetland CW) were used to treat waste water in the world for its advantage on cheaper and efficiency. CW would clog for improper design or imperfect management, so application for it was limited. The purpose of this paper is that using backwashing method resolve filter media clogging problem which is an intractable matter in constructed wetlands project. The effects of the backwashing treatment on pollutant removal, as well as the influence on characteristics of hydraulics of wetlands, were studied. The experimental results indicate that CW hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic resistance time and removal rate of COD increased after backwashing. This paper confirmed that backwashing method can reverse clogging in vertical-flow constructed wetlands, and provided design guidance for applying backwashing method to treat clogging vertical-flow constructed wetlands.

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE AND SHORT TERM DURABILITY OF PALM KERNEL SHELL AS A SUBSTRATE MATERIAL IN A PILOT HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND TREATING SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Mbanefo Okoye ◽  
Chimaobi Nnaemeka Madubuike ◽  
Ifeanyi Uba Nwuba ◽  
Sampson Nonso Ozokoli ◽  
Boniface Obi Ugwuishiwu
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow

Wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands is one of the effective and low-cost technologies to improve the quality of slaughterhouse effluent. This study was carried out to investigate the suitability of palm kernel shell as a substrate material for constructed wetlands treating slaughterhouse wastewater. Rhizomes of Thalia Geniculata and Typha Latifolia were grown in four pilot horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland beds filled with palm kernel shell and grave, and their growth and treatment performance evaluated. The results of the study showed that Thalia Geniculata survives and proliferates in palm kernel shell bed. The mean removal rates of 72.81% (BOD5), 89.87% (TSS), 39.42% (NH4-N), 60.79% (NO3-N) and 42.52% (PO43-) for the palm kernel shell were comparable to the values obtained for the gravel bed. The study proved that palm kernel shell, as a substrate material in constructed wetlands had the potentials to sustain the growth of some macrophytes, as well as the capacity to remove contaminants from wastewater.

scholarly journals Nutrient Recovery by Seven Aquatic Garden Plants in a Laboratory-scale Subsurface-constructed Wetland

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1674-1680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Polomski ◽  
Douglas G. Bielenberg ◽  
Ted Whitwell ◽  
Milton D. Taylor ◽  
William C. Bridges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Total N ◽  
Garden Plants

Commercial nurseries use large amounts of water and nutrients to produce container-grown plants. The large volume of runoff containing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) that leaves nurseries can contaminate surface and groundwater. Subsurface flow-constructed wetlands have been shown to effectively treat agricultural, industrial, and residential wastewater and to be well-suited for growers with limited production space. We investigated the possibility of using commercially available aquatic garden plants in subsurface-constructed wetlands to remove nutrients in a laboratory scale, gravel-based system. Seven popular aquatic garden plants received N and P from Hoagland's nutrient solution every 2 days for 8 weeks. These rates (0.39 to 36.81 mg·L−1 of N and 0.07 to 6.77 mg·L−1 P, respectively) encompassed low to high rates of nutrients found at various points between the discharge and inflow points of other constructed wetland systems currently in use at commercial nurseries. Plant biomass, nutrient recovery, and tissue nutrient concentration and content were measured. Whole plant dry weight positively correlated with total N and P supplied. Louisiana Iris hybrid ‘Full Eclipse’, Canna × generalis Bailey (pro sp.) ‘Bengal Tiger’, Canna × generalis Bailey (pro sp.) ‘Yellow King Humbert’, Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott ‘Illustris', Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott, and Pontederia cordata L. ‘Singapore Pink’ had the greatest N recovery rates. The P recovery rates were similar for the cannas, Colocasia esculenta ‘Illustris’, Louisiana Iris ‘Full Eclipse’, Pe. virginica, and Po. cordata ‘Singapore Pink’. The potential exists for creating a sustainable nursery and greenhouse production system that incorporates a subsurface-constructed wetland planted with marketable horticultural crops that provide remediation and revenue.

Removal of Salmonella and microbial indicators in constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.R. Hill ◽  
M.D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Viral Indicators

Reductions of Salmonella bacteria and enteric microbial indicator organisms were measured in swine wastewater treated by a field-scale surface flow (SF) constructed wetland at a commercial hog nursery in North Carolina and in laboratory-scale SF and subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetland reactors. Overall reductions of Salmonella, fecal coliforms and E. coli were 96, 98 and 99%, respectively, in the two-cell field-scale wetland. Somatic and F-specific coliphage viral indicators were reduced by 99 and 98%, respectively. Reductions of Salmonella, fecal coliforms and E. coli were similar in the first cell of the field system and in the laboratory-scale SF wetland operated at a TKN loading of 25 kg ha-1 d-1 and 30°C (approximately 70, 90 and 90%, respectively). In the SSF wetland reactor, Salmonella and fecal coliform reductions were 80 and 98%, respectively, at a 40 kg TKN ha-1 d-1 loading and 99.8 and 99.99%, respectively, at a 10 kg TKN ha-1 d-1 loading. These results show that SF constructed wetlands can be effective for reducing enteric pathogens in swine wastewater and that greater removals can be achieved using SSF designs and lower TKN loading rates.

Role of vegetation (Typha latifolia) on nutrient removal in a horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland treating UASB reactor–trickling filter effluent

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocilene Ferreira da Costa ◽  
Weber Luiz Pinto Martins ◽  
Martin Seidl ◽  
Marcos von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow

The main objective of the work is to characterize the role of plants in a constructed wetland in the removal of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The experiments were carried out in a full-scale system in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, with two parallel horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland units (one planted with Typha latifolia and one unplanted) treating the effluent from a system composed of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and a trickling filter (TF). Each wetland unit received a mean flow of approximately 8.5 m³ d−1 (population equivalent around 60 inhabitants each), with a surface hydraulic loading rate 0.12 m3m−2d−1. The experiments were conducted from September 2011 to July 2013. Mean effluent concentrations from the wetlands were: (a) planted unit total nitrogen (TN) 22 mg L−1, ammonia-N 19 mg L−1, nitrite-N 0.10 mg L−1, nitrate-N 0.25 mg L−1, P-total 1.31 mg L−1; and (b) unplanted unit TN 24 mg L−1, ammonia-N 20 mg L−1, nitrite-N 0.54 mg mL−1, nitrate-N 0.15 mg L−1, P-total 1.31 mg L−1. The aerial part of the plant contained mean values of 24.1 gN (kg dry matter)−1 and 4.4 gP (kg dry matter)−1, and the plant root zone was composed of 16.5 gN (kg dry matter)−1 and 4.1 gP (kg dry matter)−1. The mean extraction of N by the plant biomass was 726 kgN ha−1y−1, corresponding to 17% of the N load removed. For P, the extraction by the plant biomass was 105 kgP ha−1y−1, corresponding to 9% of the P load removed. These results reinforce the reports that N and P removal due to plant uptake is a minor mechanism in horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands operating under similar loading rates, typical for polishing of sanitary effluent.

scholarly journals Evaluation of herbaceous crops irrigated with treated wastewater for ethanol production

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Barbagallo ◽  
Antonio Barbera ◽  
Giuseppe L. Cirelli ◽  
Mirco Milani ◽  
Attilio Toscano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Arundo Donax ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
Herbaceous Crops

The competition for freshwater between agricultural, industrial, and civil uses has greatly increased in Mediterranean basin characterized by prolonged dry seasons. The aim of this study was to evaluate biomass production and the potential ethanol production of promising “no-food” herbaceous crops irrigated with low quality water at different ETc restitutions (0%, 50 and 100%). The research was carried out, in 2011 and 2012, in an open field near the full-scale constructed wetland (CW) municipal treatment plant located in the Eastern Sicily (Italy). The CW effluent has been applied in a experimental irrigation field of Vetiveria zizanoides (L.) Nash, Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et Deu. and Arundo donax (L.). Physical, chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out on wastewater samples collected at inlet and outlet of CW and pollutant removal efficiencies were calculated for each parameter. Bio-agronomical analysis on herbaceous species were made with the goal to evaluate the main parameters such as the plant dimension, the growth response and the biomass production. Biomass dry samples were processed with a three-step chemical pretreatment, hydrolysed with a mix of commercial enzymes and next fermented to obtain the yield of ethanol production. Average TSS, COD and TN removal for CW were about 74%, 67% and 68%, respectively. Although the satisfactory Escherichia coli removal, about 3.5 log unit for both beds on average, CW didn’t achieve the restrictive Italian law limits for wastewater reuse. As expected, irrigation was beneficial and the full ET replenishment increase the biomass productivity as compared to the other two treatment. The mean productivity of Vetiveria zizanoides and Myscanthus x giganteus were about 9, 26 and 38 t ha–1 and 3, 7 and 12 t ha–1 respectively in 0%, 50% and 100% ETc restitutions. Arundo donax gave higher values of dry biomass (78 t ha–1 in 100% ETc restitution in 2011 season), and potential ethanol production (about 3,744 kg ha–1). These results suggest the interest in the use of constructed wetland effluents for the irrigation of energy crops to obtain second generation ethanol, particularly in semiarid regions such as the Mediterranean area.

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