Effect of polyaluminium chloride on phosphorus removal in constructed wetlands treated with swine wastewater

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 2938-2943 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Reddy ◽  
Dean A. Forbes ◽  
P. G. Hunt ◽  
Johnsely S. Cyrus
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Anaerobic Lagoon ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Continuous Injection ◽  
Polyaluminium Chloride ◽  
P Removal

Total phosphorus (TP) removal in aged constructed wetlands poses a challenge, especially when treated with swine wastewater with high concentrations of phosphorus (P). Our earlier studies with anaerobic lagoon swine wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands showed a decline in P removal (45–22%) with increased years of operation. These particular wetlands have been treated with swine wastewater every year since the first application in 1997. Preliminary lab-scale studies were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) in the removal of phosphate-P (PO4-P) from swine wastewater. The experimental objective was to increase the phosphorus treatment efficiency in constructed wetland by adding PAC as a precipitating agent. PAC was added by continuous injection to each wetland system at a rate of 3 L day−1 (1:5 dilution of concentrated PAC). Swine wastewater was added from an anaerobic lagoon to four constructed wetland cells (11m wide x 40m long) at TP loads of 5.4–6.1 kg ha−1day−1 in two experimental periods, September to November of 2008 and 2009. Treatment efficiency of two wetland systems: marsh-pond-marsh (M-P-M) and continuous marsh (CM) was compared. The wetlands were planted with cattails (Typha latifolia L.) and bulrushes (Scirpus americanus). In 2008, PAC treatment showed an increase of 27.5 and 40.8% of TP removal over control in M-P-M and CM respectively. Similar trend was also observed in the following year. PAC as a flocculant and precipitating agent showed potential to enhance TP removal in constructed wetlands treated with swine wastewater.

scholarly journals Plant Biomass Production in Constructed Wetlands Treating Swine Wastewater in Tropical Climates

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Mayerlin Sandoval-Herazo ◽  
Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz ◽  
Eduardo Fernández Echeverria ◽  
Gregorio Fernández-Lambert ◽  
Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Tropical Climates

The production of both aboveground and belowground plant biomass in constructed wetlands (CW) is a poorly understood topic, although vegetation plays an important role in the process of pollutant removal from wastewater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the aboveground and belowground biomass production of Typha latifolia and Canna hybrids in a large-scale constructed wetland treating swine wastewater in tropical climates. Parameters, such as temperature, DO, pH, COD, TSS, TN, TP, and TC, as well as destructive and non-destructive biomass, were evaluated. It was found that, despite the high concentrations of pollutants, the vegetation adapted easily and also grew healthily despite being exposed to high concentrations of pollutants from swine water. Although Typha latifolia (426 plants) produced fewer plants than Canna hybrids (582 plants), the higher biomass of the Typha latifolia species was slightly higher than that of Canna hybrids by 5%. On the other hand, the proximity of the water inlet to the system decreased the capacity for the development of a greater number of seedlings. As for the elimination of pollutants, after treatment in the constructed wetland, COD: 83.6 ± 16.9%; TSS: 82.2 ± 17.7%; TN: 94.4 ± 15.8%; TP: 82.4 ± 23.2%; and TC: 94.4 ± 4.4% were significantly reduced. These results show that wetlands constructed as tertiary systems for the treatment of swine wastewater produce a large amount of plant biomass that significantly helps to reduce the concentrations of pollutants present in this type of water in tropical areas. The use of these plants is recommended in future wetland designs to treat swine wastewater.

CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS FOR TREATMENT OF SWINE WASTEWATER FROM AN ANAEROBIC LAGOON

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Hunt ◽  
A. A. Szögi ◽  
F. J. Humenik ◽  
J. M. Rice ◽  
T. A. Matheny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Lagoon

scholarly journals PERFORMANCE AND SHORT TERM DURABILITY OF PALM KERNEL SHELL AS A SUBSTRATE MATERIAL IN A PILOT HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND TREATING SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Mbanefo Okoye ◽  
Chimaobi Nnaemeka Madubuike ◽  
Ifeanyi Uba Nwuba ◽  
Sampson Nonso Ozokoli ◽  
Boniface Obi Ugwuishiwu
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow

Wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands is one of the effective and low-cost technologies to improve the quality of slaughterhouse effluent. This study was carried out to investigate the suitability of palm kernel shell as a substrate material for constructed wetlands treating slaughterhouse wastewater. Rhizomes of Thalia Geniculata and Typha Latifolia were grown in four pilot horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland beds filled with palm kernel shell and grave, and their growth and treatment performance evaluated. The results of the study showed that Thalia Geniculata survives and proliferates in palm kernel shell bed. The mean removal rates of 72.81% (BOD5), 89.87% (TSS), 39.42% (NH4-N), 60.79% (NO3-N) and 42.52% (PO43-) for the palm kernel shell were comparable to the values obtained for the gravel bed. The study proved that palm kernel shell, as a substrate material in constructed wetlands had the potentials to sustain the growth of some macrophytes, as well as the capacity to remove contaminants from wastewater.

Microbial indicator reductions in alternative treatment systems for swine wastewater

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. R. Hill ◽  
M. D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Secondary Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Anaerobic Lagoon ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens

Bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens in swine wastes are of public health concern because many are able to infect humans. Hence, treatment processes must be effective in removing or destroying these microbes before wastewater discharge. Primary treatment by anaerobic lagoon is the current best management practice (BMP) for swine wastewater in the USA but alternative processes were also investigated for their potential to improve treatment. Wastewater samples were collected approximately monthly from March-December 1997 at a North Carolina swine nursery. Geometric mean concentrations for bacterial indicators (faecal coliforms, E coli, enterococci and C perfringens spores) in lagoon effluent were 3.3×105, 2.8×105, 3.4×105 and 2.2×104 CFU/100mL respectively. For somatic and male-specific coliphages they were 1.4×105 and 5.0×103 PFU/100mL respectively. Bacterial indicator levels in swine lagoon effluents are much higher than allowed for municipal wastewater effluents discharged to land or water. The anaerobic lagoon achieved reductions of 1.1–2.2 log10 for all indicators except C perfringens spores (0.2 log10). Of the secondary treatment processes, constructed wetlands achieved the best indicator microbe reductions ranging from 1.1–2.5 log10. A media filter and an overland flow system achieved mean indicator reductions of only 0.2–1.2 and 0.2–0.8 log10, respectively. The results indicate that a primary-secondary treatment system, an anaerobic lagoon and constructed wetlands, can achieve reductions of 2.9–4.8 log10 for bacterial and viral indicators and 1.5 log10 for C perfringens spores.

Danish guidelines for small-scale constructed wetland systems for onsite treatment of domestic sewage

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Brix ◽  
C.A. Arias
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Soil Infiltration ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Onsite Treatment ◽  
P Removal

The Danish Ministry of Environment and Energy has passed new legislation that requires the wastewater from single houses and dwellings in rural areas to be treated adequately before discharge into the aquatic environment. Therefore official guidelines for a number of onsite treatment solutions have been produced. These include guidelines for soakaways, biological sand filters, technical systems as well as different types of constructed wetland systems. This paper summarises briefly the guidelines for horizontal flow constructed wetlands, vertical flow constructed wetlands, and willow systems with no outflow and with soil infiltration. There is still a lack of a compact onsite solution that will fulfil the treatment classes demanding 90% removal of phosphorus. Therefore work is presently being carried out to identify simpler and robust P-removal solutions.

Phosphate and ammonium removal by constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow, using shale as a substrate

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Drizo ◽  
C. A. Frost ◽  
K. A. Smith ◽  
J. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Subsurface Flow ◽  
Ammonium Removal ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Horizontal Subsurface Flow ◽  
P Removal

The objective was to investigate the performance of constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow, using shale as a substrate, in removal of phosphate (P) and ammonium (N) from sewage. Shale was selected on the basis of its physico-chemical properties and its potential for P removal, investigated in an earlier study. A laboratory-scale constructed wetland system (CWS) employing horizontal subsurface flow was set up in a greenhouse, with and without Phragmites australis (reeds), and its capacity for simultaneous phosphate and ammonium removal from a synthetic sewage was monitored over a period of ten months. Both the planted and unplanted systems showed an extremely high P removal of 98–100% over the whole period of investigation. Ammonium N was also completely removed in the planted tanks, whereas in the unplanted ones the rates of removal varied between 40 and 75%; removal of nitrate N varied between 85 and 95% in planted and between 45 and 75% in unplanted tanks. pH, Eh and temperature did not differ significantly among planted and unplanted tanks, but the inlet Eh was correlated with P removal (r2 = 0.73; p < 0.05). The presence of Phragmites australis contributed significantly (p < 0.05) to P and N removal. In addition the plants showed excellent growth (up to 2 m in the first year), with good root and rhizome development, and showed potential for heavy metal removal. It was concluded that the shale-based system (which uses a readily available material) shows promise as a substrate for constructed wetland systems.

Removal of Salmonella and microbial indicators in constructed wetlands treating swine wastewater

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.R. Hill ◽  
M.D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Viral Indicators

Reductions of Salmonella bacteria and enteric microbial indicator organisms were measured in swine wastewater treated by a field-scale surface flow (SF) constructed wetland at a commercial hog nursery in North Carolina and in laboratory-scale SF and subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetland reactors. Overall reductions of Salmonella, fecal coliforms and E. coli were 96, 98 and 99%, respectively, in the two-cell field-scale wetland. Somatic and F-specific coliphage viral indicators were reduced by 99 and 98%, respectively. Reductions of Salmonella, fecal coliforms and E. coli were similar in the first cell of the field system and in the laboratory-scale SF wetland operated at a TKN loading of 25 kg ha-1 d-1 and 30°C (approximately 70, 90 and 90%, respectively). In the SSF wetland reactor, Salmonella and fecal coliform reductions were 80 and 98%, respectively, at a 40 kg TKN ha-1 d-1 loading and 99.8 and 99.99%, respectively, at a 10 kg TKN ha-1 d-1 loading. These results show that SF constructed wetlands can be effective for reducing enteric pathogens in swine wastewater and that greater removals can be achieved using SSF designs and lower TKN loading rates.

scholarly journals Treatment Efficiency of Diffuse Agricultural Pollution in a Constructed Wetland Impacted by Groundwater Seepage

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keit Kill ◽  
Jaan Pärn ◽  
Rauno Lust ◽  
Ülo Mander ◽  
Kuno Kasak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Free Surface Flow ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Agricultural Pollution ◽  
Total Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
P Removal

Diffuse agricultural pollution degrades water quality and is one of the main causes of eutrophication; therefore, it is important to reduce it. Constructed wetlands (CW) can be used as an effective measure for water quality improvement. There are two possible ways to establish surface flow CWs, in-stream and off-stream. We studied treatment efficiency of the in-stream free surface flow (FSW) Vända CW in southern Estonia from March 2017 until July 2018. The CW consists of two shallow-water parts planted with cattail (Typha latifolia). According to our analyses, the CW reduced total phosphorus (TP) and phosphate (PO4-P) by 20.5% and 16.3%, respectively, however, in summer, phosphorus removal was twice as high. We saw significant logarithmic correlation between flow rates and log TP and log PO4-P removal efficiency (rs = 0.53, rs = 0.63, p < 0.01 respectively). Yearly reduction of total organic carbon was 12.4% while total inorganic carbon increased by 9.7% due to groundwater seepage. Groundwater inflow also increased the concentration of total nitrogen in the outlet by 27.7% and nitrate concentration by 31.6%. In-stream FWS CWs are a promising measure to reduce diffuse pollution from agriculture; however, our experience and literature data prove that there are several factors that can influence CWs’ treatment efficiency.

Treatment of swine wastewater in marsh-pond-marsh constructed wetlands

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Reddy ◽  
P.G. Hunt ◽  
R. Phillips ◽  
K. Stone ◽  
A. Grubbs
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Natural System ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Efficient Removal ◽  
System Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anaerobic Lagoon

Swine waste is commonly treated in the USA by flushing into an anaerobic lagoon and subsequently applying to land. This natural system type of application has been part of agricultural practice for many years. However, it is currently under scrutiny by regulators. An alternate natural system technology to treat swine wastewater may be constructed wetland. For this study we used four wetland cells (11 m width × 40 m length) with a marsh-pond-marsh design. The marsh sections were planted to cattail (Typha latifolia, L.) and bulrushes (Scirpus americanus). Two cells were loaded with 16 kg N ha-1 day-1 with a detention of 21 days. They removed 51% of the added N. Two additional cells were loaded with 32 kg ha-1 day-1 with 10.5 days detention. These cells removed only 37% of the added N. However, treatment operations included cold months in which treatment was much less efficient. Removal of N was moderately correlated with the temperature. During the warmer periods removal efficiencies were more consistent with the high removal rates reported for continuous marsh systems - often &gt; than 70%. Phosphorus removal ranged from 30 to 45%. Aquatic macrophytes (plants and floating) assimilated about 320 and 35 kg ha-1, respectively of N and P.

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