scholarly journals Effects of Fermented Kefir as a Functional Feed Additive in Litopenaeus vannamei Farming

Fermentation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Woosik Choi ◽  
Chi-Won Choi ◽  
Dang-Bao Son ◽  
Byeong-Chul Jeong ◽  
Hee-Chang Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Prevention Of Infections

Litopenaeus vannamei, known as whiteleg shrimp, is susceptible to infection by pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria. Therefore, the prevention of infections in this shrimp is important to regulate the outbreaks of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, we investigated the effects of kefir as a functional feed additive on innate immunity, survival against WSSV (White Spot Syndrome Virus) and productivity of L. vannamei. As a result, the treatment of kefir could upregulate six of seven genes crucial for innate immunity of L. vannamei. Also, the treatment of kefir directly improved the survival rate of L. vannamei against WSSV infection. Finally, in order to determine whether kefir can improve the productivity of shrimp, we carried out field tests in three aquaculture farms in South Korea. The weight of shrimp fed kefir was increased by 120% as well as the length, compared with that of the control group. These results demonstrate that kefir can be utilized as a functional feed additive to improve both innate immunity and productivity of L. vannamei in shrimp farming with no use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of White Spot Syndrome Virus Isolated from Cultured Litopenaeus vannamei in Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Libia Zulema Rodriguez-Anaya ◽  
Jose Reyes Gonzalez-Galaviz ◽  
Ramón Casillas-Hernandez ◽  
Fernando Lares-Villa ◽  
Karel Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
White Spot Syndrome

The first genome sequence of a Mexican white spot syndrome virus is presented here. White spot syndrome is a shrimp pandemic virus that has devastated production in Mexico for more than 10 years. The availability of this genome will greatly aid epidemiological studies worldwide, contributing to the molecular diagnostic and disease prevention in shrimp farming.

scholarly journals Бактеріальні показники продуктів забою курчат-бройлерів у разі збагачення раціону наномікроелементною кормовою добавкою «Мікростимулін» в аспекті ветеринарно-санітарної експертизи

2015 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
І. В. Яценко ◽  
В. М. Кириченко
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Experimental Group

Проаналізовано бактеріальну контамінацію умовно-патогенними та патогенними мікроорганізмамипродуктів забою курчат-бройлерів (білі і червонім’язи, серце, печінка, м’язова частина шлунку) в разізбагачення раціону наномікроелементною кормовоюдобавкою (НМКД) «Мікростимулін» протягом чоти-рьох діб зберігання за температури 0–4 оС. Встанов-лено, що найменший рівень МАФАнМ, БГКП, бакте-рій роду Proteus реєструвався в 3-й дослідній групі,курчатам-бройлерам якої задавали з водою 20 см3/дм3НМКД «Мікростимулін» у всіх досліджуваних продук-тах забою. Найбільший рівень МАФАнМ, БГКП, бак-терій роду Proteus реєструвався в контрольній групі,курчатам-бройлерам якої не задавали НМКД «Мікро-стимулін» з водою. Доведено залежність між дозоюНМКД «Мікростимулін» і кількістю мікроорганізміву продуктах забою птиці. The bacterial contamination of broiler chicken slaughter products (white and red muscles, heart, liver, muscular stomach) by conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms when the ration of the chickens was enriched by nanomicroelement feed additive (NMFA) «Microstimulin» for four days of storage at 0–4 ºC has been analyzed. It has been found out that the lowest level of MAFAnM, BGIR, bacteria Proteus in all slaughter products under investigation was registered in the 3rd experimental group the broiler chickens of which were given 20 cm³/dm³ NMFA «Microstimulin» with water. The highest level of MAFAnM, BGIR, bacteria Proteus was registered in the control group the broiler chickens which were not given NMFA «Microstimulin» with water. The dependence between the dose of NMFA «Microstimulin» and the number of microorganisms in the products of slaughtering has been proved.

Protein expression profiling in the gill of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) naturally infected with white spot syndrome virus

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 747-765
Author(s):  
P. A. Valentim-Neto ◽  
A. P. M. Fraga ◽  
G. A. S. Müller ◽  
M. R. F. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
White Spot Syndrome

To better understand the molecular pathogenesis of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) inLitopenaeus vannamei(Boone, 1931), the protein expression profile in gills was characterized. Farmed shrimp WSSV positive were randomly sorted based on nested PCR. The proteomic analysis of gill proteins was performed using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), with isofocalisation on an immobilized linear gradient (pH 3-10), followed by separation based on molecular weight using 12.5% denaturating polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The comparative analysis of the 2-DE profile between the two groups revealed eight differentially expressed spots in gills of naturally infected shrimp. The spots were successfully identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry peptide mass fingerprint. The up-regulated proteins unique to infected shrimp were identified as peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, mortality factor 4-like protein 1, calreticulin, recombination activating protein, failed axon connection protein, 40S ribosomal S2 and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase. The down-regulated protein unique to non-infected shrimp (control group) was identified as an inhibitor of apoptosis. The differentially expressed proteins are involved in several important cellular processes, such as host defence and protein metabolism. The present work contributes to a better understanding of the overall molecular responses elicited by WSSV infection inL. vannamei, as well as to point out potential molecular biomarkers to evaluate the susceptibility to the virus and the sanitary status in farmed shrimp.

scholarly journals Growth and survival rate vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in various doses of fertilizer and density

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rakhfid ◽  
Udin Mauga
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Random Group ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Density Factor

Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is a commodity that is expected to not only increase options for farmers but also sustain the rise of shrimp farming business in Indonesia. One important factor in shrimp farming is the availability of feed. In addition to the availability of natural feed during cultivation, stocking density is also very influential in the survival rate and growth of shrimp vannamei. The research was conducted in September-December 2016 farms Bonea Village District of Lasalepa Muna with Test the different dosages with different stocking density. The study used a Random Group Factorial, which is based fertilization (Factor A) with three levels and stocking density (Factor B) as many as three levels, each with three replications so that all 27 units experimental unit. The results showed that the combination of factors dose of 0.7 g of urea + 0.9 g TSP and stocking density factor of 10 individuals per container provides prawn post larvae growth vannamei most excellent and a combination of factors Urea fertilizer dosage of 0.9 g TSP + 1.1 g and stocking density factor of 20 individuals per container provides a survival rate of post larvae vannamei most good. Water quality media for research in the range that is optimal for the growth and survival of post larvae vannamei.

scholarly journals GSK3β Plays a Negative Role During White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) Infection by Regulating NF-κB Activity in Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhang ◽  
Lulu Zhu ◽  
Cuihong Hou ◽  
Hang Yuan ◽  
Sheng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
White Spot Syndrome

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), a cytoplasmic serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in a large number of key cellular processes, is a little-known signaling molecule in virus study. In this study, a GSK3 protein which was highly similar to GSK3β homologs from other species in Litopenaeus vannamei (designated as LvGSK3β) was obtained. LvGSK3β was expressed constitutively in the healthy L. vannamei, at the highest level in the intestine and the lowest level in the eyestalk. White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) reduced LvGSK3β expression was in immune tissues including the hemocyte, intestine, gill and hepatopancreas. The inhibition of LvGSK3β resulted in significantly higher survival rates of L. vannamei during WSSV infection than the control group, and significantly lower WSSV viral loads in LvGSK3β-inhibited L. vannamei were observed. Knockdown of LvGSK3β by RNAi resulted in increases in the expression of LvDorsal and several NF-κB driven antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes (including ALF, PEN and crustin), but a decrease in LvCactus expression. Accordingly, overexpression of LvGSK3β could reduce the promoter activity of LvDorsal and several AMPs, while the promoter activity of LvCactus was increased. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) showed that LvDorsal could bind to the promoter of LvGSK3β. The interaction between LvGSK3β and LvDorsal or LvCactus was confirmed using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. In addition, the expression of LvGSK3β was dramatically reduced by knockdown of LvDorsal. In summary, the results presented in this study indicated that LvGSK3β had a negative effect on L. vannamei by mediating a feedback regulation of the NF-κB pathway when it is infected by WSSV.

Susceptibility of five different sizes of pathogenfree Litopenaeus vannamei to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by intramuscular inoculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
S Liao ◽  
R Xu ◽  
H Wu ◽  
D Yu ◽  
S Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Chinese Isolate ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Spot Syndrome

White spot syndrome virus (WWSV) has become one of the most widespread causes of mortality in commercial shrimp farming. In the present study, we used PCR to determine the shrimp infectious dose 50% endpoint (SID50 ml-1) of a Chinese isolate of WSSV in 5 different sizes of pathogen-free Litopenaeus vannamei inoculated intramuscularly. The lethal dose 50% endpoint (LD50 ml-1) was also determined from the percentage of dead shrimp. The LD50 ml-1 for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm shrimp were 104.68, 105.7, 106.70, 107.75, and 108.81, respectively, and the SID50 ml-1 were 104.68, 105.70, 106.90, 107.75, and 108.94, respectively. There was no significant difference between the LD50 ml-1 and SID50 ml-1 for each shrimp size, which indicated that all infected shrimp died. The lethal and infectious titer decreased about 1 log10 as shrimp size decreased 1 grade. These data clearly indicate that adult shrimp were more susceptible to WSSV than juvenile shrimp. The horizontal comparison showed that the amount of virus in the shrimp organs increased over the experimental period. The vertical comparison showed that virus quantity was lowest in the organs of 10 cm shrimp and highest in 2 cm shrimp, which indicates that the smaller shrimp had higher levels of viral replication. Hence, the optimal size for WSSV challenge in shrimp inoculated intramuscularly was 2 cm. The determination of virus titers in different sizes of shrimp represents a step towards creating strategies to reduce the negative impacts of WSSV in the aquaculture industry.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ ПРОБІОТИКА НА ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ КУРЧАТ-БРОЙЛЕРІВ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-148
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Podolian
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Experimental Group

<p><strong>The research objective. </strong>To research the effective action of probiotic (feed additive) ‘Probiol’ on the live weight, the growth, and slaughter traits of cross Ross-308 broiler chickens. <strong>Results.</strong> The live weight of broiler chickens fed with probiotic (feed additive) ‘Probiol’ was 2658.2 g (by 14.4% larger than control). Moreover, the survival rate of broiler chickens in experimental group increased by 4%. It was observed that average daily growth of broiler chickens from experimental group was higher by 14.7% and absolute growth was higher by 14.6% than in control group. It was observed that the feed consumption was 1.82 kg per 1 kg of chicken growth in control group and 1.68 in the experimental group (smaller by 9.6%). It was proved that usage of probiotic ‘Probiol’ caused the increasing of ante live weight by 15.5%, the undressed carcass by 15.6%, half-dressed carcass by 16.8%, and dressed carcass by 7.9 % compared to control group. The using of probiotic also increased the weight of pectoral muscles by 17.7% and femoral muscles by 13.0% of the chickens in experimental group; this was also facilitated the increasing of the weight of chicken glandular stomach by 35.0%. </p>

scholarly journals Administration of Phyllanthus niruri to control IMNV (myonecrosis infectious virus) infection white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Sukenda . ◽  
Sri Nuryati ◽  
Isni Rahmatika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Infectious Myonecrosis Virus ◽  
Shrimp Tissue

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p><br />Infectious myonecrosis (IMN) disease is a major disease in Indonesia shrimp farming. The disease is caused by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). Currently, treatment and drug has not been obtained to control the virus. This research was conducted to determine the effect of Phyllanthus niruri extract in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against IMNV infection. Healthy shrimp was given P. niruri extract 20 mg/kg of feed for seven days and after that the shrimp was challenged by orally with IMNV infected shrimp tissue. The positive control was given feed without P. niruri extract and challenged with IMNV infected shrimp tissue, while negative control was not challenged with IMNV infected shrimp tissue. IMNV infection gave a significantly different effect on survival rate. In the shrimp P. niruri previously (86.7%) gave higher survival rate compared to shrimp without P. niruri (66.67%). Survival rate of negative control was 93.33%. IMNV clinical signs in general was white necrotic areas in striated muscles. Histological examination showed that cell necrosis appeared on the mussel tissues. In conclusion the addition of P. niruri to the commercial feed can give the survival rate of shrimp better when challenged with IMNV.<br />Keywords: IMNV, Phyllanthus niruri, Litopenaeus vannamei</p><p><br />ABSTRAK</p><p><br />Penyakit infectious myonecrosis (IMN) merupakan penyakit utama pada budidaya udang di Indonesia. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). Saat ini, belum diperoleh cara dan obat untuk mengendalikan virus IMNV. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh immunostimulan tepung meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) yang diberikan melalui pakan pada udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang diinfeksi IMNV. Udang vaname yang sehat diberi pakan yang mengandung meniran dengan dosis 20 mg/kg pakan selama tujuh hari dan kemudian diuji tantang secara oral dengan memberikan jaringan udang yang telah terinfeksi IMNV. Udang kontrol positif dilakukan dengan memberi pakan komersial tanpa penambahan meniran yang kemudian diuji tantang dengan memberi makan jaringan udang yang terinfeksi IMNV, sedangkan udang kontrol negatif tidak diuji tantang dengan jaringan yang terinfeksi IMNV. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelompok udang yang diberi pakan mengandung meniran mempunyai kelangsungan hidup (86,67%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan udang yang tidak diberi pakan mengandung meniran (66,67%) ketika diuji tantang dengan IMNV. Kontrol negatif yang tidak diberi pakan mengandung meniran dan tidak diuji tantang dengan IMNV memberikan kelangsungan hidup 93,33%. Gejala klinis yang ditunjukkan adanya infeksi IMNV terlihat dengan adanya otot putih pada ruas tubuh udang. Pengamatan histopatologi menunjukkan adanya nekrosis pada sel-sel di jaringan otot udang. Sebagai kesimpulan dapat dinyatakan bahwa penambahan meniran pada pakan komersial dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup udang ketika terjadi infeksi IMNV.<br /><br />Kata kunci: IMNV, Phyllanthus niruri, Litopenaeus vannamei</p>

scholarly journals The Complete Genome of an Endogenous Nimavirus (Nimav-1_LVa) From the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) Vannamei

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Weidong Bao ◽  
Kathy Tang ◽  
Acacia Alcivar-Warren
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Endogenous Virus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
Host Genes

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the lone virus of the genus Whispovirus under the family Nimaviridae, is one of the most devastating viruses affecting the shrimp farming industry. Knowledge about this virus, in particular, its evolution history, has been limited, partly due to its large genome and the lack of other closely related free-living viruses for comparative studies. In this study, we reconstructed a full-length endogenous nimavirus consensus genome, Nimav-1_LVa (279,905 bp), in the genome sequence of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei breed Kehai No. 1 (ASM378908v1). This endogenous virus seemed to insert exclusively into the telomeric pentanucleotide microsatellite (TAACC/GGTTA)n. It encoded 117 putative genes, with some containing introns, such as g012 (inhibitor of apoptosis, IAP), g046 (crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, CHH), g155 (innexin), g158 (Bax inhibitor 1 like). More than a dozen Nimav-1_LVa genes are involved in the pathogen-host interactions. We hypothesized that g046, g155, g158, and g227 (semaphorin 1A like) were recruited host genes for their roles in immune regulation. Sequence analysis indicated that a total of 43 WSSV genes belonged to the ancestral/core nimavirus gene set, including four genes reported in this study: wsv112 (dUTPase), wsv206, wsv226, and wsv308 (nucleocapsid protein). The availability of the Nimav-1_LVa sequence would help understand the genetic diversity, epidemiology, evolution, and virulence of WSSV.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document