scholarly journals The Complete Genome of an Endogenous Nimavirus (Nimav-1_LVa) From the Pacific Whiteleg Shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) Vannamei

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Weidong Bao ◽  
Kathy Tang ◽  
Acacia Alcivar-Warren
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Endogenous Virus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
Host Genes

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the lone virus of the genus Whispovirus under the family Nimaviridae, is one of the most devastating viruses affecting the shrimp farming industry. Knowledge about this virus, in particular, its evolution history, has been limited, partly due to its large genome and the lack of other closely related free-living viruses for comparative studies. In this study, we reconstructed a full-length endogenous nimavirus consensus genome, Nimav-1_LVa (279,905 bp), in the genome sequence of Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei breed Kehai No. 1 (ASM378908v1). This endogenous virus seemed to insert exclusively into the telomeric pentanucleotide microsatellite (TAACC/GGTTA)n. It encoded 117 putative genes, with some containing introns, such as g012 (inhibitor of apoptosis, IAP), g046 (crustacean hyperglycemic hormone, CHH), g155 (innexin), g158 (Bax inhibitor 1 like). More than a dozen Nimav-1_LVa genes are involved in the pathogen-host interactions. We hypothesized that g046, g155, g158, and g227 (semaphorin 1A like) were recruited host genes for their roles in immune regulation. Sequence analysis indicated that a total of 43 WSSV genes belonged to the ancestral/core nimavirus gene set, including four genes reported in this study: wsv112 (dUTPase), wsv206, wsv226, and wsv308 (nucleocapsid protein). The availability of the Nimav-1_LVa sequence would help understand the genetic diversity, epidemiology, evolution, and virulence of WSSV.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of White Spot Syndrome Virus Isolated from Cultured Litopenaeus vannamei in Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Libia Zulema Rodriguez-Anaya ◽  
Jose Reyes Gonzalez-Galaviz ◽  
Ramón Casillas-Hernandez ◽  
Fernando Lares-Villa ◽  
Karel Estrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
White Spot Syndrome

The first genome sequence of a Mexican white spot syndrome virus is presented here. White spot syndrome is a shrimp pandemic virus that has devastated production in Mexico for more than 10 years. The availability of this genome will greatly aid epidemiological studies worldwide, contributing to the molecular diagnostic and disease prevention in shrimp farming.

Genetic parameters for body weight and survival in the Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei affected by a White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) natural outbreak

Aquaculture ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 447 ◽  
pp. 102-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Caballero-Zamora ◽  
Hugo H. Montaldo ◽  
Gabriel Ricardo Campos-Montes ◽  
Eugenia Guadalupe Cienfuegos-Rivas ◽  
Alfonso Martínez-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
White Spot Syndrome ◽  
Natural Outbreak

scholarly journals Sustainable Shrimp Farming: Biosecure Systems to Prevent or Control Emerging Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Emerging Diseases ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Business Sustainability ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Yellow Head Virus ◽  
Infectious Myonecrosis Virus ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Farming Industry

In any aquaculture business, sustainability of a system improved profits. At present although biosecurity and BAqP are in place, more needed to be done. With emerging disease challenges innovated designs and operation systems are developing for sustainable production. One of the most important factors the investors, shrimp farmers and technicians need to be aware of is that whatever waste discharged into environment will come back to you in a form of disease sooner or later. Before mid1990s major threats to shrimp farming was mainly bacterial diseases. In Asia from late 1994 appearance of viral diseases such as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and a few others like yellow head virus (YHV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). In 2001 with availability of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) Penaeus vannamei broodstock from Hawaii, the shrimp farming industry took off much faster.

Susceptibility of five different sizes of pathogenfree Litopenaeus vannamei to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) by intramuscular inoculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
S Liao ◽  
R Xu ◽  
H Wu ◽  
D Yu ◽  
S Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Chinese Isolate ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Spot Syndrome

White spot syndrome virus (WWSV) has become one of the most widespread causes of mortality in commercial shrimp farming. In the present study, we used PCR to determine the shrimp infectious dose 50% endpoint (SID50 ml-1) of a Chinese isolate of WSSV in 5 different sizes of pathogen-free Litopenaeus vannamei inoculated intramuscularly. The lethal dose 50% endpoint (LD50 ml-1) was also determined from the percentage of dead shrimp. The LD50 ml-1 for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm shrimp were 104.68, 105.7, 106.70, 107.75, and 108.81, respectively, and the SID50 ml-1 were 104.68, 105.70, 106.90, 107.75, and 108.94, respectively. There was no significant difference between the LD50 ml-1 and SID50 ml-1 for each shrimp size, which indicated that all infected shrimp died. The lethal and infectious titer decreased about 1 log10 as shrimp size decreased 1 grade. These data clearly indicate that adult shrimp were more susceptible to WSSV than juvenile shrimp. The horizontal comparison showed that the amount of virus in the shrimp organs increased over the experimental period. The vertical comparison showed that virus quantity was lowest in the organs of 10 cm shrimp and highest in 2 cm shrimp, which indicates that the smaller shrimp had higher levels of viral replication. Hence, the optimal size for WSSV challenge in shrimp inoculated intramuscularly was 2 cm. The determination of virus titers in different sizes of shrimp represents a step towards creating strategies to reduce the negative impacts of WSSV in the aquaculture industry.

scholarly journals Protection of Penaeus monodon against White Spot Syndrome Virus by Oral Vaccination

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 2057-2061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Witteveldt ◽  
Carolina C. Cifuentes ◽  
Just M. Vlak ◽  
Mariëlle C. W. van Hulten
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Envelope Proteins ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Farming Industry

ABSTRACT White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) occurs worldwide and causes high mortality and considerable economic damage to the shrimp farming industry. No adequate treatments against this virus are available. It is generally accepted that invertebrates such as shrimp do not have an adaptive immune response system such as that present in vertebrates. As it has been demonstrated that shrimp surviving a WSSV infection have higher survival rates upon subsequent rechallenge, we investigated the potential of oral vaccination of shrimp with subunit vaccines consisting of WSSV virion envelope proteins. Penaeus monodon shrimp were fed food pellets coated with inactivated bacteria overexpressing two WSSV envelope proteins, VP19 and VP28. Vaccination with VP28 showed a significant lower cumulative mortality compared to vaccination with bacteria expressing the empty vectors after challenge via immersion (relative survival, 61%), while vaccination with VP19 provided no protection. To determine the onset and duration of protection, challenges were subsequently performed 3, 7, and 21 days after vaccination. A significantly higher survival was observed both 3 and 7 days postvaccination (relative survival, 64% and 77%, respectively), but the protection was reduced 21 days after the vaccination (relative survival, 29%). This suggests that contrary to current assumptions that invertebrates do not have a true adaptive immune system, a specific immune response and protection can be induced in P. monodon. These experiments open up new ways to benefit the WSSV-hampered shrimp farming industry.

scholarly journals Acute Hepatopancreases Necrosis Diseases (AHPND) as Challenging Threat in Shrimp

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 978-991
Keyword(s):  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Penaeus Monodon ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Case Definition ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Shrimp Farming ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
The Pacific

White feces syndrome (WFS) is an emerging problem for penaeid shrimp farming industries in South East Asia countries. Outbreaks began in cultivated shrimp Penaeus (Penaeus) monodon, and Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei and spread progressively worldwide, although the disease's cause was unknown. In 2011 a case definition for AHPND (as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis diseases) and white fecal syndrome (WFS) were reported. The presence of white feces floating on water and clinical symptoms include pale empty gut region, reduced growth, movable shell, and black discoloration. The pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, with the major shrimp cultivable species globally, is currently in danger by a severe disease- WFS, which causes serious losses worldwide. It has been confirmed that the causative agent of WFS/AHPND is a bacterium that is a pathogen - probably Vibrio parahaemolyticus. This bacterium currently reported has acquired plasmids that encode lethal binary toxins PirA/PirB causing rapid death of infected shrimp. Additionally, this plasmid acquired some virulence factor which is directly related to pathogenicity. Further rapid diagnostic tests for early detection of WFS/AHPND pathogens will promote the production of hatchery and pond maintenance and contribute to the long-term explication of the disease's various aspects.

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