Study on the efficacy of Cynodon dactylon against Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV) in Penaeus vannamei

ABSTRACTInfectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) is one of the most pathogenic viruses causing severe mortality in Penaeus vannamei in many countries. Several strategies have been implemented to inhibit the presence of IMNV disease. The present study was carried out to examine the antiviral activity of Cynodon dactylon ethanolic extract on IMNV disease in shrimp by in vivo testing. The C. dactylon plant extract was incorporated with artificial pellet feed at a concentration of 10, 15%, 20%, and 25%. For the experimental challenge shrimp were fed with IMNV-infected shrimp meat. The antiviral activity was determined by observing survival rates, and IMNV infection was confirmed at the end of the experiment through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification. This study showed that the plant extract of C. dactylon was found to be highly effective in preventing IMNV infection with up to 98% survival rate in Penaeus vannamei.

Infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) and decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) detected in Penaeus monodon from the Indian Ocean

ABSTRACTInfectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV) was first discovered in the Americas in 2004 as a new lethal pathogen of cultivated whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei, but infections were not lethal for the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. In 2007, it was reported in diseased P. vannamei cultivated in Indonesia but, until recently, not from other countries in Asia. Decapod iridescent virus (DIV1) was first reported from China in 2016 and is lethal for the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus and Procambarus clarkii, for the penaeid shrimp P. vannamei and P. chinensis and for the palaemonid shrimp Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Exopalaemon carinicauda. It has not yet been reported from other Asian countries. Here we describe the occurrence of positive test results for IMNV and DIV1 using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology during screening of grossly normal, broodstock-size, wild P. monodon captured from the Indian Ocean and held in a biosecurity facility for screening. Amplicons for each virus were obtained from two widely separated targets in the relevant viral genomes listed at GenBank, and sequencing revealed 99-100% identity to the targets for each virus. Based on these results, the captured specimens were destroyed. The results raised the possibility that grossly normal, captured P. monodon might serve as potential vehicles for introduction of IMNV and/or DIV1 to shrimp hatcheries and farms. Thus, we recommend that appropriate precautions be taken to avoid this possibility.

Sustainable Shrimp Farming: Biosecure Systems to Prevent or Control Emerging Diseases

In any aquaculture business, sustainability of a system improved profits. At present although biosecurity and BAqP are in place, more needed to be done. With emerging disease challenges innovated designs and operation systems are developing for sustainable production. One of the most important factors the investors, shrimp farmers and technicians need to be aware of is that whatever waste discharged into environment will come back to you in a form of disease sooner or later. Before mid1990s major threats to shrimp farming was mainly bacterial diseases. In Asia from late 1994 appearance of viral diseases such as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and a few others like yellow head virus (YHV), infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). In 2001 with availability of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) Penaeus vannamei broodstock from Hawaii, the shrimp farming industry took off much faster.

Virus Detection of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at Fish Quarantine Center, Quality Control, and Security of Fishery Product in Surabaya I

Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan unggulan yang bernilai ekonomis penting dan banyak diminati oleh konsumen di pasaran. Udang vaname memiliki beberapa keunggulan yaitu pertumbuhan yang cepat, mampu beradaptasi pada kisaran salinitas yang tinggi, dan dapat dipelihara dengan sistem super intensif, namun beberapa tahun terakhir total produksi udang di Indonesia mengalami penurunan. Tahun 2012 total produksi udang menururn dari 1.900 ton menjadi 1.025 ton, virus diduga menjadi patogen yang memicu penyakit pada udang dan menyebabkan mortalitas yang tinggi. Virus yang sering menyerang budidaya udang vaname antara lain Taura Syndrome Virus (TSV), Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV), dan White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mendeteksi virus pada udang vaname dan mengetahui tingkat prevalensi virus yang menyerang udang vaname. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2018 – Januari 2019 di Balai Karantina Ikan, Pengendalian Mutu, dan Keamanan Hasil Perikanan Surabaya I. Materi yang digunakan pada penelitian yaitu 37 sampel post larva. Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan Silica Extraction Kit kemudian dideteksi secara molekuler menggunakan PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Penelitian ini bersifat observatif, selanjutnya data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 sampel positif IMNV dan 2 sampel positif WSSV dengan nilai prevalensi sebesar 8,10% dan 5,40%. Tinggi rendahya nilai prevalensi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat penyebaran dan kondisi lingkungan yang kurang sesuai. Kata Kunci : PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), Prevalensi, Udang vaname, Virus.

PEMBESARAN UDANG VANNAMEI (Litopenaeus vannamei) DI PT. DEWI LAUT AQUACULTURE GARUT JAWA BARAT

Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu jenis udang yang memiliki prospek dan profit yang menjajikan, hal ini ditunjukan oleh harga dan permintaan yang relatif tinggi dari tahun ke tahun. Dalam kegiatan budidaya udang vaname harus memerhatikan segala aspek mulai dari persiapan lahan sampai dengan saat panen. Dengan berkembangnya teknologi, kegiatan budidaya udang vaname dilakukan dengan teknologi dan inovasi baru yaitu budidaya udang vaname supra intensif. Kegiatan budidaya supra intensif adalah mengimplementasikan sistem budidaya yang konsisten dan terkontrol, yaitu dengan menggunakan benih yang bermutu, nutrisi yang cukup, dan dikelola dengan manajemen modern. Tujuan dari praktek kerja lapang ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses kegiatan pembesaran udang vaname di PT. Dewi Laut Aquaculture dari mulai persiapan lahan, sterilisasi, pembentukan air, penebaran benur, pemeliharaan sampai panen. Metode kerja yang digunakan dalam Praktik Kerja Lapang adalah dengan cara mengikuti langsung kegiatan pembesaran udang vaname dimulai dari persiapan lahan sampai dengan panen. Dari hasil pemeliharaan selama 65 hari menghasilkan panen dengan SR 85,05%, biomasa 1080,54 kg dengan ABW 6,41g/ekor. Kualitas air yang diukur selama praktik masih dalam kisaran yang optimal bagi pertumbuhan udang yaitu Suhu air (°C) 28 – 30, pH 7,5 – 8,5, DO 4,78 – 7,30, serta amonia 0,01 – 0,21. Dikarenakan terindikasi Infectious Myonecrosis Virus (IMNV), maka udang dipanen lebih awal.