scholarly journals Cycas micronesica Trees Alter Local Soil Traits

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Marler ◽  
Murukesan Krishnapillai
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Elemental Stoichiometry ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Sandy Habitat ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

Cycad plants possess uncommon morphological, chemical, and ontogenetic characteristics and they may introduce localized changes in soil traits that increase habitat heterogeneity. We used mature Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill trees growing in a range of soil types in Guam, Rota, and Yap to quantify differences between the soils beneath target trees and paired non-target soils away from cycad trees. The chronic presence of a C. micronesica tree introduced numerous localized changes in soil traits, increasing the heterogeneity of elemental stoichiometry in the community. Nitrogen, carbon:phosphorus, and nitrogen:phosphorus were increased in target soils among every soil type. Carbon increased and phosphorus decreased in most target soils. The habitats revealing the greatest number of elements with differences between target and non-target soils were the habitats with acid soils. The greatest number of metals exhibiting differences between the target and non-target soils occurred in the impoverished sandy habitat. This is the first report that indicates a cycad tree increases community spatial heterogeneity by localized changes in soil chemistry. Contemporary declines in cycad populations due to anthropogenic threats inadvertently decrease this spatial heterogeneity and its influences on primary producers in the landscape then cascading effects on the food web.

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT GENETIC SOIL TYPES IN THE NEWDALE SOIL ASSOCIATION OF MANITOBA

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Internal Drainage ◽  
Soil Association ◽  
Exchangeable Hydrogen ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Considerable Degradation ◽  
Soil Climate

The Newdale Soil Association of Manitoba consists of a number of genetic soil types which are the result of local variations in relief, drainage and vegetation. Seven of these soil types were examined in the field and studied in the laboratory in an attempt to relate their characteristics to the factors responsible for their formation.It was found that the depth of the solum of these soils increased the farther down the slope the soil occurred, because of greater amounts of water entering the soil and the resultant cooler, moister soil climate. The per cent of exchangeable hydrogen also followed this trend. Where local soil-climatic conditions favoured the invasion of trees into the grassland area, the soils exhibited considerable degradation. This was revealed by the marked clay illuviation, the greater per cent of exchangeable hydrogen and the lower amount of organic carbon in the soils found under tree vegetation. Internal drainage had an important influence on the type of soil developed in the depressional areas.

Short range variability of soil chemistry in three acid soils in Ontario, Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 3069-3082 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Fournier ◽  
I. K. Morrison ◽  
A. A. Hopkin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Acid Soils

A description of acid soils and the relationships between properties of acid soils and the nutrient status of grazed pastures in the southeast of South Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJV Hodge ◽  
DC Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Extractable Soil

Areas of low soil pH in the south-east of South Australia were delineated by using previously submitted soil samples and soil association maps. A survey was then undertaken in the major soil associations to determine the severity and characteristics of highly acid soils. The acid soil types identified were a siliceous sand over clay (Db/Dy) and a siliceous sand over organic matter/sesquioxide pan (Uc). The top 2.5 cm of both soil types was significantly less acid than the remaining portion of the A horizon, with pH decreasing rapidly with depth until the B horizon, where a substantial soil pH increase occurred. As soil pH (0.01 M CaCl2) decreased below 4.5, extractable soil aluminium (0.01 M CaCl2) increased rapidly, to a maximum extractable concentration of 17 �g g-l. These soil types were also found to be deficient in both phosphorus and potassium, with 65% of the sites having extractable phosphorus concentrations below the critical value of 20 �g g-1 and 35% below the critical value for extractable potassium of 80 �g g-l. For subterranean clover, significant positive correlations were observed between soil pH and plant calcium and sulfur, and between extractable soil aluminium and plant aluminium. Significant negative correlations were observed between soil pH and plant manganese and between extractable soil aluminium and plant calcium and magnesium. For ryegrass, significant positive correlations were observed between extractable soil aluminium and plant aluminium and manganese. Significant negative correlations were observed between soil pH and plant manganese and between extractable soil aluminium and plant calcium. No other significant correlations were obtained. The results are discussed in relation to further acidification and management of these acid siliceous sands.

The relation between herbage copper, EDTA-extractable soil copper and species composition in pastures growing on a range of soil types

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 981 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Beavington ◽  
WA Wright
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
New South ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Copper Status ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Supporting Soil ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Extractable Soil

A survey of the copper status of herbage and its supporting soil over various soil parent materials (all with acid soils) on part of the coast of New South Wales showed levels of herbage copper ranging from < 1 to 14 ppm, EDTA-extractable soil copper from 0.2 to 32 ppm and a correlation between these two variables of r = 0.51 (P < 0,001). Very low levels of herbage copper were associated with high proportions of inferior grasses and both were associated with low 'available' soil copper. High levels of herbage copper were associated with high proportions of clover though not necessarily with the highest levels of 'available' soil copper. The content of molybdenum in herbage varied widely giving many very low copper/molybdenum ratios.

scholarly journals Managing soil acidity: old solutions can cause new problems

1992 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
R.A. Carran
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Damage Growth ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Magnesium Cation ◽  
Root Cec ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
The Impact

Acid and moderately acid soils (pH 5-6) are widespread in the farmed areas of New Zealand. Application of limestone to raise soil pH has been a common practice and re-acidification of soils requires that this be done regularly. The impact of liming and re-acidification cycles on soil chemistry is discussed and examples presented using a Southland soil: Waimumu silt loam. Wide ratios of Ca:Mg develop in the soil and further lime application is shown to damage growth of white clover but not Grasslands Tama ryegrass. Differences in surface chemistry of roots of legumes and grasses are discussed and the implications of the interactions between changes in soil chemistry and plant roots considered. Keywords acidification, calcium, magnesium, cation ratio, root CEC

Using an advanced robotic chamber system to detect spatio-temporal short-term responses in measured CO2 exchange to soil manipulation and N fertilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Hoffmann ◽  
Shrijana Vaidya ◽  
Marten Schmidt ◽  
Norbert Bonk ◽  
Peter Rakowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chamber System ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Flux Dynamics ◽  
Spatio Temporal

&lt;p&gt;Improved agricultural practices sequestering additional atmospheric C within the soil are considered as one of the potential solution for mitigating global climate change. However, agricultural used landscapes are complex and their capacity to sequester additional atmospheric C differs substantially in time and space. Hence, accurate and precise information on the complex spatio-temporal CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux pattern is needed to evaluate the effects/benefits of new agricultural practices aiming towards increasing soil organic carbon.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To date, different approaches are used to measure and quantify CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux dynamics of agricultural landscapes, such as e.g. eddy covariance, as well as manual and automatic chamber systems. However, all these methods fail to some extend in either accounting for small scale spatial heterogeneity (e.g., eddy covariance and automatic chambers) or short-term temporal variability (e.g., manual chambers). Although, automatic chambers are in principle capable to detect small-scale spatial differences of CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;flux dynamics in a sufficient temporal resolution, these systems are usually limited to only a few spatial repetitions which is not sufficient to represent small scale soil heterogeneity such as present within the widespread hummocky ground moraine landscape of NE-Germany.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To overcome these challenges, we developed a novel robotic chamber system. This system was used to detect small-scale spatial heterogeneity and short-term temporal variability of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux dynamics in a full factorial experimental setup for a range of three different soil types, two N fertilization forms (2; mineral vs. organic) and two soil manipulation status, representing two different tillage practices. Here, we present measured CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux dynamics and cumulative emissions for the 3 repetitions of the 12 randomized treatments (36 subplots) directly following soil manipulation and N fertilization during summer 2020. Our results show distinct differences between the three measured soil types as well as a clear response of all three soil types to conducted soil manipulation, yielding in significantly lower ecosystem respiration (R&lt;sub&gt;eco&lt;/sub&gt;) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) for manipulated vs. non-manipulated subplots. No clear difference, however, was obtained in case of N fertilization.&lt;/p&gt;

The Importance of Containers for the Deposition and Non-Retrieval of Silver Hoards

2018 ◽  
pp. 169-188
Author(s):  
Jacek Gruszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Northern Germany ◽  
New Model ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
The Impact

This chapter investigates the reasons for the deposition and non-retrieval of Viking Age silver hoards, focusing on the two areas with the biggest hoard concentrations in the Baltic zone: Gotland and Pomerania (the southern shore of the Baltic sea area in modern-day northern Germany and Poland). The chapter advances a new model for determining the possible reasons for hoard deposition and non-retrieval, arguing that hoards intended for retrieval were placed in containers, with containerless hoards likely deposited for ritual motives, without the intention of recovery. The impact on local soil chemistry on the preservation of hoard containers is considered. The evidence for containers is then integrated with analysis of the weight of hoards and local settlement archaeology. A key finding is that, on Gotland, the practice of symbolically depositing small silver hoards on ‘broken fields’ (newly established farms) was widespread.

Coastal acid sulfate soils in the Saloum River basin, Senegal

Soil Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïdara C. A. Lamine Fall ◽  
Jean-Pierre Montoroi ◽  
Karl Stahr
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Mineral Distribution ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Major Chemical ◽  
Soil Forming Processes ◽  
Sulfate Soils ◽  
Pedogenic Processes

Soils in boundary conditions of contrasting ecosystems generally show unique features. Transition often leads to changes in soil-forming processes, whereby the environment never comes to equilibrium and therefore the soil chemistry and mineralogy show different influences. Such an environment was analysed in the Saloum River basin, west-central Senegal. The objective was to identify the main pedogenic processes prevailing in this saline and acid pedoenvironment and to assess the influence of environmental factors (climate, topography, soil salinity and acidity) on local soil formation and mineral distribution. The terrace landscape is built up by a floodplain, a low terrace, which is still influenced by groundwater, and a middle terrace. The results show that soil properties are strongly influenced by hydrology, salinity and acidity in the entire toposequence: Gleyic Hyposalic and Hypersalic Solonchaks (Sulfatic) in the floodplain, Haplic Gleysols (Thionic) in the low terrace, and Endogleyic Arenosols in the middle terrace. The oxidation of pyrite followed by the redistribution of the main products (Fe2+ and SO42–) represents the major chemical process responsible for iron oxide and jarosite formation. Mineral distribution and crystallinity are linked to the landscape position, which controls the hydrological behaviour and reactions of Fe and S ions. Finally, we observed intrapedon processes such as gleysation, sulfidisation and sulfurisation, as well as interpedon processes such as salinisation, colluvio-alluviation and lateral eluviation. The combination of processes depends strongly on the landscape positions.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Test for Sour Soils

1920 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman M. Comber
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Qualitative Test

Since the publication in 1914 of the results obtained by Daikuhara (2) in an investigation of certain acid soils of Japan, considerable prominence has been given in the literature of Soil Chemistry to the presence of iron and aluminium salts in the solution of sour soils.

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