THE CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT GENETIC SOIL TYPES IN THE NEWDALE SOIL ASSOCIATION OF MANITOBA

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Internal Drainage ◽  
Soil Association ◽  
Exchangeable Hydrogen ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Considerable Degradation ◽  
Soil Climate

The Newdale Soil Association of Manitoba consists of a number of genetic soil types which are the result of local variations in relief, drainage and vegetation. Seven of these soil types were examined in the field and studied in the laboratory in an attempt to relate their characteristics to the factors responsible for their formation.It was found that the depth of the solum of these soils increased the farther down the slope the soil occurred, because of greater amounts of water entering the soil and the resultant cooler, moister soil climate. The per cent of exchangeable hydrogen also followed this trend. Where local soil-climatic conditions favoured the invasion of trees into the grassland area, the soils exhibited considerable degradation. This was revealed by the marked clay illuviation, the greater per cent of exchangeable hydrogen and the lower amount of organic carbon in the soils found under tree vegetation. Internal drainage had an important influence on the type of soil developed in the depressional areas.

scholarly journals Properties of humic acids depending on the land use in different parts of Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Banach-Szott ◽  
Bozena Debska ◽  
Erika Tobiasova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Organic Matter Quality ◽  
Degree Of Maturity ◽  
Effects Of Land Use

AbstractMany studies report organic carbon stabilization by clay minerals, but the effects of land use and soil type on the properties of humic acids (HAs) are missing. The aim of the paper is to determine the effects of land use and soil types on the characteristics of HAs, which have a considerable influence on organic matter quality. It was hypothesised that the effect of the land use on HAs properties depends on the particular size distribution. The research was performed in three ecosystems: agricultural, forest, and meadow, located in Slovakia. From each of them, the samples of 4 soil types were taken: Chernozem, Luvisol, Planosol, and Cambisol. The soil samples were assayed for the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and the particle size distribution. HAs were extracted with the Schnitzer method and analysed for the elemental composition, spectrometric parameters in the UV-VIS range, and hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, and the infrared spectra were produced. The research results have shown that the properties of HAs can be modified by the land use and the scope and that the direction of changes depends on the soil type. The HAs of Chernozem and Luvisol in the agri-ecosystem were identified with a higher “degree of maturity”, as reflected by atomic ratios (H/C, O/C, O/H), absorbance coefficients, and the FT-IR spectra, as compared with the HAs of the meadow and forest ecosystem. However, as for the HAs of Cambisol, a higher “degree of maturity” was demonstrated for the meadow ecosystem, as compared with the HAs of the agri- and forest ecosystem. The present research has clearly identified that the content of clay is the factor determining the HAs properties. Soils with a higher content of the clay fraction contain HAs with a higher “degree of maturity”.

An experiment in the control of the ground water-level in a fen peat soil

1951 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Nicholson ◽  
G. Alderman ◽  
D. H. Firth
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Water Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Local Soil

1. The methods of investigation of the effect of ground water-level on crop growth, together with tho field installations in use, are discussed.2. Direct field experiments are handicapped by the difficulties of achieving close control on a sufficiently large scale, due to considerable variations of surface level and depth of peat within individual fields and to rapid fluctuations in rainfall and evaporation. Many recorded experiments are associated with climatic conditions of substantial precipitation during the growing season.3. Seasonal fluctuations of ground water-level in Fen peat soils in England, in natural and agricultural conditions, are described.4. The local soil conditions are outlined and the implications of profile variations are discussed.5. The effective control of ground water-level on a field scale requires deep and commodious ditches and frequent large underdrains to ensure the movement of water underground with sufficient freedom to give rapid compensatory adjustment for marked disturbances of ground water-level following the incidence of heavy rain or excessive evaporation.6. A working installation for a field experiment in ordinary farming conditions is described and the measure of control attained is indicated.

scholarly journals Influence of trees and associated variables on soil organic carbon: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angom Sarjubala Devi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Forest Stands ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Silt Fraction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Associated Variables

AbstractThe level of soil organic carbon (SOC) fluctuates in different types of forest stands: this variation can be attributed to differences in tree species, and the variables associated with soil, climate, and topographical features. The present review evaluates the level of SOC in different types of forest stands to determine the factors responsible for the observed variation. Mixed stands have the highest amount of SOC, while coniferous (both deciduous-coniferous and evergreen-coniferous) stands have greater SOC concentrations than deciduous (broadleaved) and evergreen (broadleaved) tree stands. There was a significant negative correlation between SOC and mean annual temperature (MAT) and sand composition, in all types of forest stands. In contrast, the silt fraction has a positive correlation with SOC, in all types of tree stands. Variation in SOC under different types of forest stands in different landscapes can be due to differences in MAT, and the sand and silt fraction of soil apart from the type of forests.

Organic Carbon Dynamics in Different Soil Types After Conversion of Forest to Agriculture

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Bruun ◽  
B. Elberling ◽  
A. Neergaard ◽  
J. Magid
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Dynamics ◽  
Soil Types

scholarly journals Evaluation of adaptive capacity of genotypes of spring cereals in arid conditions of the Astrakhan region

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Valentina Aleksandrovna Fedorova ◽  
Nina Alekseevna Naumova ◽  
Ekaterina Vasylyevna Yachmeneva ◽  
Yulia Pavlovna Tarasenkova
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Biological Plasticity

Objects of research were: spring wheat Saratovskaya 70-st, Cardinal, 3 Curenta, Madam, Nil avocet yr7's, Angarida; spring barley Ratnik-st, Medium 135, grace, Vakula, Brassa; spring oats Showjumping-st, Leo, Bulan, Kuranin. As a result of the study of these varieties of spring crops, the most adapted to local soil and climatic conditions samples were identified. The selected samples were distinguished by high biological plasticity, growth and development rates, maximum use of moisture, as well as the ability to form high grain yields.

scholarly journals Soil Water Characteristics of Gleysols in the Bamenda (Cameroon) Wetlands and Implications for Agricultural Management Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Alice Mufur Magha ◽  
Primus Azinwi Tamfuh ◽  
Lionelle Estelle Mamdem ◽  
Marie Christy Shey Yefon ◽  
Bertrand Kenzong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Total Variance ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Available Water ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Very High

Water budgeting in agriculture requires local soil moisture information as crops depend mainly on moisture available at root level. The present paper aims to evaluate the soil moisture characteristics of Gleysols in the Bamenda (Cameroon) wetlands and to evaluate the link between soil moisture content and selected soil characteristics affecting crop production. The work was conducted in the field and laboratory, and data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics. The main results showed that the soils had a silty clayey to clayey texture, high bulk density, high soil organic carbon content, and high soil organic carbon stocks. The big difference between moisture contents at wilting point and at field capacity testified to very high plant-available water content. Also, the soils displayed very high contents of readily available water and water storage contents. The soil moisture characteristics give sigmoid curves and enabled noting that the Gleysols attain their full water saturation at a range of 57.68 to 91.70% of dry soil. Clay and SOC contents show a significant positive correlation with most of the soil moisture characteristics, indicating that these soil properties are important for soil water retention. Particle density, coarse fragments, and sand contents correlated negatively with the soil moisture characteristics, suggesting that they decrease soil water-holding capacity. The principal component analysis (PCA) enabled reducing 17 variables described to only three principal components (PCs) explaining 73.73% of the total variance; the first PC alone expressed 45.12% of the total variance, associating clay, SOC, and six soil moisture characteristics, thus portraying a deep correlation between these eight variables. Construction of contoured ditches, deep tillage, and raised ridges management techniques during the rainy season while channeling water from nearby water bodies into the farmland, opportunity cropping, and usage of water cans and other irrigation strategies are used during the dry season to combat water constraints.

Compound-specific δ2H using analytical pyrolysis (Py-CSIA) for assessing source and processes of soil organic matter driven by climatic changes within a Mediterranean evergreen oak forest (dehesas)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Layla M. San-Emeterio ◽  
Ignacio Pérez-Ramos ◽  
Maria Teresa Domínguez-Núñez ◽  
Francisco Javier González-Vila ◽  
José Antonio González-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Analytical Pyrolysis ◽  
Exchangeable Hydrogen ◽  
Evergreen Oak

<p>Soil organic matter (SOM) is composed of multiple components from the living material, such as phenolic compounds, organic acids, lipids, peptides, polyesters, etc. A relevant part of these compounds forms part of supramolecular structures or mineral associations. Non-exchangeable hydrogen in SOM compounds is worth of study as an approach to estimate dynamic processes such as stabilization, mineralization, or biodegradation. The determination of H isotopes in SOMs faces analytical challenges related with e.g., the strength of the H bond, its exchangeability with ambient H from water or the instability of the isotopic analysis [1]. Nonetheless, along with the study of C isotopes, the study of H isotopes may certainly result in a complementary to give some light in this complex system, estimate the fate of organic compounds, and to better understand the link between hydrogen and carbon cycles in SOM [2].</p><p>In this communication, we describe and validate a methodology based on analytical pyrolysis for the direct measure of compound-specific H isotope composition (δ<sup>2</sup>H) in soil samples. The technique combines Py-GC with a high-temperature conversion reactor and a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) (Py-GC-HTC-IRMS).</p><p>Composite <em>dehesa</em> surface (0-10 cm) soil samples (Pozoblanco, Córdoba, Spain) were taken from four forced climatic treatment plots representing warming (W), drought (D), its combination (W+D), and control (D), installed in two different habitats: under evergreen oak canopy and in the open pasture. The samples were analysed in triplicate by conventional analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC/MS) and in parallel for δ<sup>2</sup>H Py-CSIA using the same chromatographic conditions and separation column type.</p><p>Up to 32 compounds were identified by Py-GC/MS, which H isotope composition corresponded presumably to non-exchangeable H, and with origin mainly from lignin (G- and S- units) and lipids. The H isotope composition showed an estimated average of -55 ‰ ± 7.09 for G-lignin units, -64 ‰ ± 8.64 S-lignin units and lighter -112 ‰ ± 4.32 for fatty acids (-109 ‰ ± 3.65) and the n-alkane series (C-19 to C-31). Significant differences are reportedly driven by the differences in habitat: more depleted δ<sup>2</sup>H values were found in SOM produced in the open pasture than under the tree canopy. In addition, a δ<sup>2</sup>H enrichment is observed for lignin-derived compounds in SOM under the W+D treatment.</p><p>The technique used and tested is expected to bring novelty results in relation to the processes affecting the isotopic composition of non-exchangeable hydrogen exerted by climatic treatments on diverse SOM specific compounds. Besides presenting the analytical challenges that are faced, we will discuss the effects of canopy and climatic treatments to tackle potential harsh climatic conditions as predicted, especially in Mediterranean areas. </p><p><strong>Acknowledgement:</strong> INTERCARBON project (CGL2016-78937-R), DECAFUN (CGL2015-70123-R). MICIU for funding FPI research grants (BES-2017-07968). Mrs Desiré Monis, Mrs Alba M. Carmona & Mr Eduardo Gutiérrez González are acknowledged for technical assistance.</p><p>[1] Paul, A. et al (2016). <em>Biogeosciences, 13</em>, 6587–6598.</p><p>[2] Seki, O. et al (2010). <em>Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74</em>(2), 599-613.</p>

Soil organic carbon temperature sensitivity of different soil types and land use systems in the Brazilian semi‐arid region

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stoécio Malta Ferreira Maia ◽  
Giordano Bruno Medeiros Gonzaga ◽  
Leilane Kristine dos Santos Silva ◽  
Guilherme Bastos Lyra ◽  
Tâmara Cláudia de Araújo Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid
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