scholarly journals Cascading effects of composts and cover crops on soil chemistry, bacterial communities and the survival of foodborne pathogens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Devarajan ◽  
J.A. McGarvey ◽  
K. Scow ◽  
M.S. Jones ◽  
S. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Cascading Effects

Impacts of cover crops and nitrogen fertilization on agricultural soil fungal and bacterial communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Castle ◽  
Deborah A. Samac ◽  
Jessica L. Gutknecht ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky ◽  
Carl J. Rosen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Agricultural Soil

scholarly journals Cycas micronesica Trees Alter Local Soil Traits

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Marler ◽  
Murukesan Krishnapillai
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Habitat Heterogeneity ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Elemental Stoichiometry ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Sandy Habitat ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

Cycad plants possess uncommon morphological, chemical, and ontogenetic characteristics and they may introduce localized changes in soil traits that increase habitat heterogeneity. We used mature Cycas micronesica K.D. Hill trees growing in a range of soil types in Guam, Rota, and Yap to quantify differences between the soils beneath target trees and paired non-target soils away from cycad trees. The chronic presence of a C. micronesica tree introduced numerous localized changes in soil traits, increasing the heterogeneity of elemental stoichiometry in the community. Nitrogen, carbon:phosphorus, and nitrogen:phosphorus were increased in target soils among every soil type. Carbon increased and phosphorus decreased in most target soils. The habitats revealing the greatest number of elements with differences between target and non-target soils were the habitats with acid soils. The greatest number of metals exhibiting differences between the target and non-target soils occurred in the impoverished sandy habitat. This is the first report that indicates a cycad tree increases community spatial heterogeneity by localized changes in soil chemistry. Contemporary declines in cycad populations due to anthropogenic threats inadvertently decrease this spatial heterogeneity and its influences on primary producers in the landscape then cascading effects on the food web.

scholarly journals Plant community and soil chemistry responses to long-term nitrogen inputs drive changes in alpine bacterial communities

Ecology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Yuan ◽  
Joseph E. Knelman ◽  
Eve Gasarch ◽  
Deli Wang ◽  
Diana R. Nemergut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Nitrogen Inputs

scholarly journals The effect of cover crops on the fungal and bacterial communities in the soil under carrot cultivation

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Patkowska ◽  
M. Błażewicz-Woźniak ◽  
M. Konopiński ◽  
D. Wach
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Bacterial Communities

scholarly journals Integration of sheep grazing for cover crop termination into market gardens: Agronomic consequences of an ecologically based management strategy

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean C. McKenzie ◽  
Hayes B. Goosey ◽  
Kevin M. O'Neill ◽  
Fabian D. Menalled
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Species Cover

AbstractCover crops are suites of non-marketable plants grown to improve soil tilth and reduce erosion. Despite these agronomic benefits, the use of cover crops is often limited because they do not provide a direct source of revenue for producers. Integrating livestock to graze cover crops could provide both an expeditious method for cover crop termination and an alternative source of revenue. However, there has been little research on the agronomic impacts of grazing for cover crop termination, especially in horticultural market-gardens. We conducted a 3-year study comparing the effects of sheep grazing to terminate a four species cover crop (buckwheat, sweetclover, peas and beets) with those of mowing on soil quality indicators, cover crop termination efficacy, and subsequent cash-crop yields. In addition, we tested the nutritional quality of the cover crop as forage. Compared with mowing, sheep grazing did not affect soil chemistry, temperature or moisture. Our study demonstrates that sheep grazing removed more cover crop biomass than mowing at termination. The assessment of nutritional indices suggests that the four-species cover crop mixture could provide high-quality forage with a potential value of US$144.00–481.80 ha−1of direct revenue as a grazing lease. Cash-crop yields did not differ between previously grazed and previously mowed plots in the subsequent growing season. We conclude that integrating sheep grazing into market vegetable garden operations could make cover crops more economically viable without having adverse effects on subsequent cash crops.

scholarly journals Soil microbial composition varies in response to coffee agroecosystem management

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie D Jurburg ◽  
Katherine L Shek ◽  
Krista McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Composition

ABSTRACT Soil microbes are essential to the continued productivity of sustainably managed agroecosystems. In shade coffee plantations, the relationship between soil microbial composition, soil nutrient availability and coffee productivity have been demonstrated, but the effects of management on the composition of the soil microbial communities remains relatively unexplored. To further understand how management modulates the soil microbiome, the soil fungal and bacterial communities, soil chemistry, and canopy composition were surveyed in a Nicaraguan coffee cooperative, across 19 individual farms. Amplicon sequencing analyses showed that management (organic or conventional), stand age and previous land use affected the soil microbiome, albeit in different ways. Bacterial communities were most strongly associated with soil chemistry, while fungal communities were more strongly associated with the composition of the canopy and historical land use of the coffee plantation. Notably, both fungal and bacterial richness decreased with stand age. In addition to revealing the first in-depth characterization of the soil microbiome in coffee plantations in Nicaragua, these results highlight how fungal and bacterial communities are simultaneously modulated by long-term land use legacies (i.e. an agricultural plot's previous land use) and short-term press disturbance (i.e. farm age).

scholarly journals Analysis of Fish Commonly Sold in Local Supermarkets Reveals the Presence of Pathogenic and Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117863611878692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ama Okyere ◽  
Dayna Bishoff ◽  
Micah O Oyaro ◽  
Nadim J Ajami ◽  
Charles Darkoh
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Fish has been an important source of proteins, essential vitamins, and low saturated fats for centuries. However, improperly handled fish can expose consumers to infectious bacteria, including difficult to treat multidrug-resistant pathogens. With the goal to investigate the existence of disease-causing and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, we examined bacterial communities present on various types of fish purchased from supermarkets in Houston, Texas, USA. The bacterial communities were characterized by selective phenotypic culture methods, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and antibiotic susceptibility testing. The results revealed the presence of different bacterial communities on the fish samples examined. The bacterial communities were not significantly different between the supermarkets sampled. The following presumptive human pathogens were isolated on the fish samples: Escherichia coli (67%), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (31%), Shigella and Salmonella species (28%), Listeria species (29%), and Staphylococcus aureus (28%). Drug sensitivity assays showed resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and vancomycin. Out of a total of 99 E. coli samples tested, 41.4% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 33.3% were resistant to gentamicin. Of the total of 31 S. aureus isolates tested, 87% were resistant to ciprofloxacin, whereas 61.3% were resistant to vancomycin. Moreover, some of the E. coli strains were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and gentamicin (28%), whereas 49% of the S. aureus isolates were resistant to both ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. These results highlight the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant foodborne pathogens on fish purchased from the supermarkets and underscore the risk associated with improper handling of fish.

scholarly journals Cover crops in arable lands increase functional complementarity and redundancy of bacterial communities

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-664
Author(s):  
Abdelrahman Alahmad ◽  
Guillaume Decocq ◽  
Fabien Spicher ◽  
Louay Kheirbeik ◽  
Ahmad Kobaissi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Functional Complementarity

scholarly journals Cascading effects on bacterial communities: cattle grazing causes a shift in the microbiome of a herbivorous caterpillar

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1952-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tali S. Berman ◽  
Sivan Laviad-Shitrit ◽  
Maya Lalzar ◽  
Malka Halpern ◽  
Moshe Inbar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Cascading Effects
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