scholarly journals American Chestnut Growth and Survival Five Years after Planting in Two Silvicultural Treatments in the Southern Appalachians, USA

Forests ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Clark ◽  
Henry McNab ◽  
David Loftis ◽  
Stanley Zarnoch
Keyword(s):  
American Chestnut ◽  
Southern Appalachians ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments

scholarly journals Modelling the Effect of Microsite Influences on the Growth and Survival of Juvenile Eucalyptus globoidea (Blakely) and Eucalyptus bosistoana (F. Muell) in New Zealand

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 857
Author(s):  
Salekin ◽  
Mason ◽  
Morgenroth ◽  
Bloomberg ◽  
Meason
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Wind Exposure ◽  
Plantation Yield ◽  
Survival Proportion

The effect of microsite on juvenile forest plantation yield is rarely explored. This is because juvenile plantation growth is considered to be reasonably homogenous due to a lack of resource competition between trees prior to canopy closure. However, models of juvenile plantation height growth and survival that are sensitive to microsite variation could aid decisions relating to site preparation, plantation establishment and early silvicultural treatments. In this study, juvenile Eucalyptus bosistoana and E. globoidea height growth and survival proportion were modelled against topographic and environmental microsite characteristics as independent variables. The experiment included three different sites situated in a sub-humid region of New Zealand. A total of 540 plots were planted with 18,540 trees in regular rows and columns. Micro-topographical variables significantly influenced height growth and survival proportion of both E. bosistoana and E. globoidea, but species differed in their responses. More sheltered microsites yielded greater height growth and survival for both species. The height of both species was influenced by wind exposure, morphometric protection, and distance from the nearest ridge. E. bosistoana height was also influenced by topographic position and surface plan curvature. Survival was affected by surface profile curvature for both species, while E. globoidea survival was also impacted by surface plan curvature and distance from the top ridge. This study identified microsite factors influencing juvenile height and survival of two Eucalyptus species.

scholarly journals Facilitation of American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) Seedling Establishment byPinus virginianain Mine Restoration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenise M. Bauman ◽  
Carolyn H. Keiffer ◽  
Shiv Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Facilitative Effect ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Abandoned Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Restoration

This study evaluated the influence of planting sites on the establishment and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) colonization of American chestnut (Castanea denetata(Marsh.) Borkh.) on an abandoned coal mine in an Appalachian region of the United States. Root morphotyping and sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were used to identify the ECM species associated with the chestnut seedlings. Germination, survival, ECM root colonization, and growth were assessed in three habitats: forest edge, center (plots without vegetation), and pine plots (a 10-year-old planting ofPinus virginiana). Seedlings in pine plots had higher survival (38%) than the other plot types (center 9% and forest edge 5%;P=0.007). Chestnuts found colonized by ECM within the pine plots were larger (P=0.02), contributed by a larger root system (P=0.03). Forest edge and pine plots had more ECM roots than seedlings in center plots (P=0.04). ITS fungal sequences and morphotypes found among chestnut and pine matchedScleroderma, Thelephora,andPisolithussuggesting these two plant species shared ECM symbionts. Results indicated that the presence ofP. virginianahad a greater facilitative effect on growth and survival of chestnut seedlings.

Regeneration Methods for Tropical High-forests

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Philip R. O. Kio
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Silvicultural Prescriptions

Changes taking place in the natural tropical forests are intricate, and the ecological processes which they entail are only gradually becoming understood. Human interference in these processes frequently leads to unforeseen consequences, silvicultural treatments being apt to be applied long before much is known about the characteristics of the constituent species and the particular successional phases on which treatments have been imposed.Perturbations create gaps of varying sizes. Both regeneration in the gaps and the latter's restoration to a state of equilibrium, depend on their size and the intensity of the disturbance. Deflected successions may occur in sensitive ecosystems whereby progress towards vegetational climax is permanently interrupted. In Africa, the human impact on the natural vegetation has been more severe and for a much longer period than in either the Amazon or in large areas of the Indo-Malaysian rain-forest.Apart from the limitations of existing silvicultural techniques for inducing regeneration and promoting growth, vital management decisions are commonly based on the results of regeneration sampling. But this traditional sampling technique does not make sufficient use of the indications provided by Iiocourt's ‘living space’ theory. However, modified procedures which can easily be undertaken and which assign more appropriate areas of occupation to individual seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees in the stand, provide more realistic estimates of the overall stocking. Though much damage is done to saplings and poles by the felling of large trees, the severity of damage is related more to the number of trees felled than to the basal area or volume removed. However, research into effects of alternative logging regimes (monocyclic versus poly cyclic) is required to resolve, for particular forest types, the issue of appropriate management/silvicultural prescriptions.On the basis of silvicultural research in Nigeria, tentative conclusions have been reached that the growth of a residual stand after exploitation can be accelerated by shelterwood treatments. In particular, climber cutting and opening of the canopy by poisoning are effective treatments in promoting recruitment of saplings and poles from seedlings, and their subsequent growth and survival. Controlled logging can be as effective as a poisoning operation to remove shade-casting, uneconomic emergents, and if substituted for such shelterwood poisoning could reduce the expense of implementing forest treatment.In forest management, account must be taken of differing capacities for growth between different species—especially in response to different silvicultural treatments. Thus in the experiments discussed, heavy poisoning promoted greater increments than selective poisoning, though the difference was not statistically significant.

American chestnut as an allelopath in the southern Appalachians

2002 ◽  
Vol 165 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Vandermast ◽  
D.H. Van Lear ◽  
B.D. Clinton
Keyword(s):  
American Chestnut ◽  
Southern Appalachians

scholarly journals Ten-Year Responses of Underplanted Northern Red Oak to Silvicultural Treatments, Herbivore Exclusion, and Fertilization

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Frank ◽  
Ronald Rathfon ◽  
Michael Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Red Oak ◽  
Northern Red Oak ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Herbivore Exclusion ◽  
Midstory Removal ◽  
Crown Thinning ◽  
Oak Seedlings

Establishing adequate advanced oak reproduction prior to final overstory removal is crucial for regenerating oak forests in the eastern U.S. Many management approaches exist to this end, but benefits associated with any individual technique can depend on the suite of techniques employed and the geographic location. At four mixed-hardwood upland forest sites in central and southern Indiana, we tested factorial combinations of deer fencing, controlled-release fertilization, and various silvicultural techniques (midstory removal, crown thinning, and a shelterwood establishment cut) for promoting the growth and survival of underplanted red oak seedlings. Crown thinning resulted in slow growth and low survival. Midstory removal and the shelterwood establishment cut were nearly equally effective for promoting seedling growth. Seedling survival was strongly influenced by fencing, and differences in survival between silvicultural treatments were minimal when fencing was employed. Fertilization had minimal effects overall, only increasing the probability that unfenced seedlings were in competitive positions relative to surrounding vegetation. We suggest that underplanting oak seedlings can augment natural reproduction, but the practice should be accompanied by a combination of midstory removal and fencing, at a minimum, for adequate growth and survival.

scholarly journals Genetics and Silvicultural Treatments Influence the Growth and Shoot Winter Injury of American Chestnut in Vermont

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 1068-1076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Saielli ◽  
Paul G. Schaberg ◽  
Gary J. Hawley ◽  
Joshua M. Halman ◽  
Kendra M. Gurney
Keyword(s):  
American Chestnut ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments

scholarly journals Tropical forest recovery from logging: a 24 year silvicultural experiment from Central Africa

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1625) ◽  
pp. 20120302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury ◽  
Frédéric Mortier ◽  
Adeline Fayolle ◽  
Fidèle Baya ◽  
Dakis Ouédraogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Disturbance Intensity ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Felling Cycle ◽  
Positive Effect

Large areas of African moist forests are being logged in the context of supposedly sustainable management plans. It remains however controversial whether harvesting a few trees per hectare can be maintained in the long term while preserving other forest services as well. We used a unique 24 year silvicultural experiment, encompassing 10 4 ha plots established in the Central African Republic, to assess the effect of disturbance linked to logging (two to nine trees ha −1 greater than or equal to 80 cm DBH) and thinning (11–41 trees ha −1 greater than or equal to 50 cm DBH) on the structure and dynamics of the forest. Before silvicultural treatments, above-ground biomass (AGB) and timber stock (i.e. the volume of commercial trees greater than or equal to 80 cm DBH) in the plots amounted 374.5 ± 58.2 Mg ha −1 and 79.7 ± 45.9 m 3 ha −1 , respectively. We found that (i) natural control forest was increasing in AGB (2.58 ± 1.73 Mg dry mass ha −1 yr −1 ) and decreasing in timber stock (−0.33 ± 1.57 m 3 ha −1 yr −1 ); (ii) the AGB recovered very quickly after logging and thinning, at a rate proportional to the disturbance intensity (mean recovery after 24 years: 144%). Compared with controls, the gain almost doubled in the logged plots (4.82 ± 1.22 Mg ha −1 yr −1 ) and tripled in the logged + thinned plots (8.03 ± 1.41 Mg ha −1 yr −1 ); (iii) the timber stock recovered slowly (mean recovery after 24 years: 41%), at a rate of 0.75 ± 0.51 m 3 ha −1 yr −1 in the logged plots, and 0.81 ± 0.74 m 3 ha −1 yr −1 in the logged + thinned plots. Although thinning significantly increased the gain in biomass, it had no effect on the gain in timber stock. However, thinning did foster the growth and survival of small- and medium-sized timber trees and should have a positive effect over the next felling cycle.

scholarly journals Effects of transgenic American chestnut leaf litter on growth and survival of wood frog larvae

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison B. Goldspiel ◽  
Andrew E. Newhouse ◽  
William A. Powell ◽  
James P. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Wood Frog ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Chestnut Leaf
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