scholarly journals Facilitation of American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) Seedling Establishment byPinus virginianain Mine Restoration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenise M. Bauman ◽  
Carolyn H. Keiffer ◽  
Shiv Hiremath
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Facilitative Effect ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Abandoned Coal Mine ◽  
Mine Restoration

This study evaluated the influence of planting sites on the establishment and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) colonization of American chestnut (Castanea denetata(Marsh.) Borkh.) on an abandoned coal mine in an Appalachian region of the United States. Root morphotyping and sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were used to identify the ECM species associated with the chestnut seedlings. Germination, survival, ECM root colonization, and growth were assessed in three habitats: forest edge, center (plots without vegetation), and pine plots (a 10-year-old planting ofPinus virginiana). Seedlings in pine plots had higher survival (38%) than the other plot types (center 9% and forest edge 5%;P=0.007). Chestnuts found colonized by ECM within the pine plots were larger (P=0.02), contributed by a larger root system (P=0.03). Forest edge and pine plots had more ECM roots than seedlings in center plots (P=0.04). ITS fungal sequences and morphotypes found among chestnut and pine matchedScleroderma, Thelephora,andPisolithussuggesting these two plant species shared ECM symbionts. Results indicated that the presence ofP. virginianahad a greater facilitative effect on growth and survival of chestnut seedlings.

scholarly journals Transformation of American Chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh) Using RITA® Temporary Immersion Bioreactors and We Vitro Containers

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1196
Author(s):  
Linda McGuigan ◽  
Patrícia Fernandes ◽  
Allison Oakes ◽  
Kristen Stewart ◽  
William Powell
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Antifungal Protein ◽  
Semisolid Medium ◽  
Temporary Immersion

American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh) was almost completely wiped out by the fungal pathogen, Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) M.E. Barr. Another invasive pathogen, Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is devastating American chestnuts in the southern region of the United States. An alternative approach for controlling these pathogens is to use genetic engineering or gene editing. We successfully transformed American chestnut with a detoxifying enzyme, oxalate oxidase, to enhance blight tolerance and more recently with the Cast_Gnk2-like gene, which encodes for an antifungal protein, to be tested for P. cinnamomi putative tolerance. Eight somatic embryo lines were transformed using three methods of selection: semisolid medium in Petri plates, liquid medium in RITA® temporary immersion bioreactors, or liquid medium in We Vitro containers. No significant differences were found between the treatments. These methods will allow for further testing of transgenes and the development of enhanced pathogen resistance in chestnut. It can serve as a model for other tree species threatened by invasive pests and pathogens.

scholarly journals REMNANT AMERICAN CHESTNUT (CASTANEA DENTATA (MARSH.) BORKH.; FAGACEAE) IN UPLAND FORESTS OF NORTHWESTERN NEW YORK

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Laport
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cryphonectria Parasitica ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Historical Range

AbstractThe American chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.; Fagaceae) was an historically important hardwood species in eastern deciduous forests of the United States and Canada prior to being nearly eradicated by chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murr.) Barr). Several remnant populations have been identified persisting across fragmented parts of the historical range. The identification and characterization of remnant C. dentata populations is important for breeding and conservation efforts, as they may represent potential genetic sources of local adaptation or blight resistance, but much of the historical range remains unsurveyed. Here, I report the locations, blight infection status, and reproductive status of remnant American chestnut in upland forested areas of western New York, finding several reproductive/potentially reproductive trees.

Remnant American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) Near the Historical Western Range Limit in Southwestern Tennessee

Castanea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Robert G. Laport ◽  
David Smith ◽  
Julienne Ng
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Range Limit

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) somatic embryos

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda D. Polin ◽  
Haiying Liang ◽  
Ronald E. Rothrock ◽  
Mutsumi Nishii ◽  
Deborah L. Diehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation

In vitro germination and transient GFP expression of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) pollen

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo D. Fernando ◽  
Javonna L. Richards ◽  
Julie R. Kikkert
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Dentata ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Gfp Expression

scholarly journals Two new species of Undifilum, fungal endophytes of Astragalus (locoweeds) in the United States

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 866-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deana L. Baucom ◽  
Marie Romero ◽  
Robert Belfon ◽  
Rebecca Creamer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighbor Joining

New species of Undifilum , from locoweeds Astragalus lentiginosus Vitman and Astragalus mollissimus Torr., are described using morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses as Undifilum fulvum Baucom & Creamer sp. nov. and Undifilum cinereum Baucom & Creamer sp. nov. Fungi were isolated from dried plants of A. lentiginosus var. araneosus , diphysus , lentiginosus , and wahweapensis collected from Arizona, Oregon, and Utah, USA, and A. mollissimus var. biglovii , earleii , and mollissimus collected from New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas, USA. Endophytic fungi from Astragalus locoweeds were compared to Undifilum oxytropis isolates obtained from dried plant material of Oxytropis lamberteii from New Mexico and Oxytropis sericea from Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Extremely slow growth in vitro was observed for all, and conidia, if present, were ellipsoid with transverse septa. However, in vitro color, growth on four different media, and conidium size differed between fungi from Astragalus spp. and U. oxytropis. Neighbor-joining analyses of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene sequences revealed that U. fulvum and U. cinereum formed a clade distinct from U. oxytropis. This was supported by neighbor-joining analyses of results generated from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments using two different primers.

Evaluation of the phytotoxicity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol and Pseudomonas brassicacearum Q8r1-96 on different wheat cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingming Yang ◽  
Linda S Thomashow ◽  
David M Weller
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Root Necrosis ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Pseudomonas Brassicacearum

Pseudomonas brassicacearum Q8r1-96 and other 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG)-producing pseudomonads of the Pseudomonas fluorescens complex possess both biocontrol and growth-promoting properties and play an important role in suppression of take-all of wheat in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) of the United States. However, P. brassicacearum can also reduce seed germination and cause root necrosis on some wheat cultivars. We evaluated the effect of Q8r1-96 and DAPG on the germination of 69 wheat cultivars that have been or currently are grown in the PNW. Cultivars varied widely in their ability to tolerate P. brassicacearum or DAPG. The frequency of germination of the cultivars ranged from 0 to 0.87 and from 0.47 to 0.90 when treated with Q8r1-96 and DAPG, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between the frequency of germination of cultivars treated with Q8r1-96 in assays conducted in vitro and in the greenhouse. The correlation was greater for spring than for winter cultivars. In contrast, the effect of Q8r1-96 on seed germination was not correlated with that of DAPG alone, suggesting that DAPG is not the only factor responsible for the phytotoxicity of Q8r1-96. Three wheat cultivars with the greatest tolerance and three cultivars with the least tolerance to Q8r1-96 were tested for their ability to support root colonization by strain Q8r1-96. Cultivars with the greatest tolerance supported significantly greater populations of strain Q8r1-96 than those with the least tolerance to the bacteria. Our results show that wheat cultivars differ widely in their interaction with P. brassicacearum and the biocontrol antibiotic DAPG.

scholarly journals Development of PCR Assays for the Identification of Species and Pathotypes of Elsinoë Causing Scab on Citrus

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 865-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hyun ◽  
N. A. Peres ◽  
S.-Y. Yi ◽  
L. W. Timmer ◽  
K. S. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Its Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Primer ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
Orange Fruit ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Primer Sets

Two scab pathogens of citrus, Elsinoë fawcettii and E. australis, cause citrus scab and sweet orange scab, respectively, and pathotypes of each species have been described. The two species cannot be readily distinguished by morphological or cultural characteristics and can be distinguished only by host range and the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays clearly distinguished E. fawcettii and E. australis, and the sweet orange and natsudaidai pathotypes within E. australis also could be differentiated. We developed specific primer sets, Efaw-1 for E. fawcettii; Eaut-1, Eaut-2, Eaut-3, and Eaut-4 for E. australis; and EaNat-1 and EaNat-2 for the natsudaidai pathotype within E. australis using RAPD products unique to each species or pathotype. Other primer sets, Efaw-2 and Eaut-5, which were specific for E. fawcettii and E. australis, respectively, were designed from previously determined ITS sequences. The Efaw-1 and Efaw-2 primer sets successfully identified E. fawcettii isolates from Korea, Australia, and the United States (Florida) and the Eaut-1 to Eaut-5 primer sets identified both the sweet orange pathotype isolates of E. australis from Argentina and the natsudaidai pathotype isolates from Korea. The EaNat-1 and EaNat-2 primer sets were specific for isolates of the natsudaidai pathotype. The Efaw-1 and Efaw-2 primer sets successfully detected E. fawcettii from lesions on diseased leaves and fruit from Korea and primer pairs Eaut-1, Eaut-2, Eaut-3, Eaut-4, and Eaut-5 detected E. australis from lesions on sweet orange fruit from Brazil.

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