scholarly journals Soil Metaproteomics as a Tool for Environmental Monitoring of Minelands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Felipe Costa Trindade ◽  
Markus Gastauer ◽  
Silvio Junio Ramos ◽  
Cecílio Frois Caldeira ◽  
Josiney Farias de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Opencast Mining ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Bacterial Proteins ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
And Function ◽  
Native Soils

Opencast mining drastically alters the landscape due to complete vegetation suppression and removal of topsoil layers. Precise indicators able to address incremental changes in soil quality are necessary to monitor and evaluate mineland rehabilitation projects. For this purpose, metaproteomics may be a useful tool due to its capacity to shed light on both taxonomic and functional overviews of soil biodiversity, allowing the linkage between proteins found in soil and ecosystem functioning. We investigated bacterial proteins and peptide abundance of three different mineland rehabilitation stages and compared it with a non-rehabilitated site and a native area (evergreen dense forest) in the eastern Amazon. The total amount of identified soil proteins was significantly higher in the rehabilitating and native soils than in the non-rehabilitated site. Regarding soil bacterial composition, the intermediate and advanced sites were shown to be most similar to native soil. Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes phyla are abundant in the early stages of environmental rehabilitation, while Proteobacteria population dominates the later stages. Enzyme abundances and function in the three rehabilitation stages were more similar to those found in the native soil, and the higher accumulation of many hydrolases and oxidoreductases reflects the improvement of soil biological activity in the rehabilitating sites when compared to the non-rehabilitated areas. Moreover, critical ecological processes, such as carbon and nitrogen cycling, seem to return to the soil in short periods after the start of rehabilitation activities (i.e., 4 years). Metaproteomics revealed that the biochemical processes that occur belowground can be followed throughout rehabilitation stages, and the enzymes shown here can be used as targets for environmental monitoring of mineland rehabilitation projects.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of the Influence of Conductivity and Calcium Concentrations on the Density and Species Richness of Native and Invasive Gastropods in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Michele Larson ◽  
Gary Beauvais
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Community ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Freshwater Gastropods ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Primary Producer ◽  
Preliminary Study

Freshwater gastropods are a diverse taxa that inhabit a wide variety of freshwater habitats (Lydeard et al. 2004, Strong et al. 2008). Freshwater gastropods often form narrow endemic ranges (Strong et al. 2008) with many species restricted to a single drainage or an isolated spring (Brown et al. 2008). In North America, over 60% of freshwater snails are listed as imperiled or presumed extinct (Lysne et al. 2008). The main factors for the reduction in snail biodiversity are habitat loss, water pollution, and the introduction of invasive species (Strong et al. 2008). Invasive species can dramatically alter the native community by reducing biodiversity and changing ecological processes (Alonso and Castro-Diez 2008). The effects of invasive species on aquatic ecosystems are often permanent and lead to reductions in biodiversity due to predation and competition with native species (Alonso and Castro-Diez 2008, Lysne et al. 2008, Strayer 1999). Invasive gastropods impact native ecosystems by altering carbon and nitrogen levels (Hall et al. 2003, Arango et al. 2009), consuming large amounts of primary producer biomass (Hall et al. 2003, Riley et al. 2008, Strayer 2010), and changing native macroinvertebrate community composition (Kerans et al. 2005, Riley et al. 2008, Cross et al. 2010, Brenneis et al. 2011).

scholarly journals Microbial communities across a hillslope-riparian transect shaped by proximity to the stream, groundwater table, and weathered bedrock

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Lavy ◽  
David Geller McGrath ◽  
Paula B. Matheus Carnevali ◽  
Jiamin Wan ◽  
Wenming Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Riparian Zone ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
East River ◽  
Mountainous Watersheds ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Selenium Reduction ◽  
And Function

AbstractWatersheds are important suppliers of freshwater for human societies. Within mountainous watersheds, microbial communities impact water chemistry and element fluxes as water from precipitation events discharges through soils and underlying weathered rock, yet there is limited information regarding the structure and function of these communities. Within the East River, CO watershed, we conducted a depth-resolved, hillslope to riparian zone transect study to identify factors that control how microorganisms are distributed and their functions. Metagenomic and geochemical analyses indicate that distance from the East River and proximity to groundwater and underlying weathered shale strongly impact microbial community structure and metabolic potential. Riparian zone microbial communities are compositionally distinct from all hillslope communities. Bacteria from phyla lacking isolated representatives consistently increase in abundance with increasing depth, but only in the riparian zone saturated sediments did we find Candidate Phyla Radiation bacteria. Riparian zone microbial communities are functionally differentiated from hillslope communities based on their capacities for carbon and nitrogen fixation and sulfate reduction. Selenium reduction is prominent at depth in weathered shale and saturated riparian zone sediments. We anticipate that the drivers of community composition and metabolic potential identified throughout the studied transect will predict patterns across the larger watershed hillslope system.

Soils

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-90
Author(s):  
Nicola P. Randall ◽  
Barbara Smith
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Biology ◽  
Soil Processes ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Productive Land ◽  
And Function ◽  
Agriculture And Food

This chapter gives a basic introduction to soil formation and fundamental soil processes in agroecosystems. The types of soils found in agroecosystems and their importance for agriculture is explored, with a principal focus on soil biodiversity, i.e. soil-dwelling organisms, their variety and function, and the interaction between soil biology, agriculture, and food production. The chapter describes some of the issues associated with soils in agroecosystems. These include interactions between agricultural practices and soil erosion and soil quality issues such as salinization and desertification. The major challenges to maintaining ‘healthy’ soils on productive land are outlined, and approaches and techniques for managing soils described.

scholarly journals Long-term acidification of pH neutral grasslands affects soil biodiversity, fertility and function in a heathland restoration

CATENA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 401-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Tibbett ◽  
Marta Gil-Martínez ◽  
Tandra Fraser ◽  
Iain D. Green ◽  
Sarah Duddigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
And Function

The kinase module of the Mediator complex: an important signalling processor for the development and survival of plants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Agrawal ◽  
Fajkus Jiří ◽  
Jitendra K Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Function ◽  
Core Part

Abstract Mediator, a multisubunit protein complex, is a signal processor that conveys regulatory information from transcription factors to RNA polymerase II and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. This megadalton complex comprises four modules, namely, the head, middle, tail, and kinase modules. The first three modules form the core part of the complex, whereas association of the kinase module is facultative. The kinase module is able to alter the function of Mediator and has been established as a major transcriptional regulator of numerous developmental and biochemical processes. The kinase module consists of MED12, MED13, CycC, and kinase CDK8. Upon association with Mediator, the kinase module can alter its structure and function dramatically. In the past decade, research has established that the kinase module is very important for plant growth and development, and in the fight against biotic and abiotic challenges. However, there has been no comprehensive review discussing these findings in detail and depth. In this review, we survey the regulation of kinase module subunits and highlight their many functions in plants. Coordination between the subunits to process different signals for optimum plant growth and development is also discussed.

scholarly journals Biochemical Impedance on Intracellular Functions of Vitamin B12 in Chronic Toxigenic Mold Exposures

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1649-1657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebere C. Anyanwu ◽  
Ijeoma Kanu
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Methionine Synthase ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
Spinal Degeneration ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism ◽  
And Function

A majority of patients with neurological disorders with chronic exposures to toxigenic molds and mycotoxins has vitamin B12 deficiency that is unrelated to dietary insufficiency. Vitamin B12 is a source of coenzymes, and participates in intracellular recycling of methionine, and in methionine synthase reactions. The biochemical processes that lead to B12 depletion and deficiency are not fully understood. This paper examines and assesses various most likely biochemical reasons that could impede upon the normal intracellular functions of vitamin B12 that lead to neurological manifestations. By biochemical implications and derivations, it is most likely that mycotoxins interrupt the structure and function of vitamin B12 through reactive interference with the normal One-Carbon metabolism leading to the observed clinical neurological manifestations such as nerve damage and, demyelination, degeneration of PNS leading to paralysis, progressive peripheral neuropathy, and spinal degeneration.

scholarly journals Contributing to Healthy Landscapes by Sustainable Land Use Planning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma B. Pena ◽  
Maria Luísa Franco ◽  
Manuela R. Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
Multifunctional Landscape ◽  
Sustainable Landscape

The ecological-based methodologies are determinant to develop complete strategies in restoring the ecosystems at a landscape scale. Those methodologies start with comprehending ecological processes by mapping fundamental structures of the territory (water, soil, biodiversity), also called green infrastructures. The adequate land use planning and its forthcoming implementation will guarantee a multifunctional landscape, better ecosystem services provision, and a possibility of developing new economies. The intervention of Landscape Architecture at the landscape scale will also provide information about the place and the type of restoration actions to be implemented. The Centre Region was the most affected by rural fires from 2017, representing 15% of the total region area (416 thousand hectares). These events reflect the high importance of rethinking the territory with more suitable land uses, considering the concepts of sustainability, resilience, and ecological integrity. This work proposes a Landscape Transformation Plan for the Centre Region of Portugal, applying the FIRELAN model. The results show that about 35% of the Centre Region should have restoration action towards a more sustainable landscape.

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