scholarly journals Cable Tensile Forces Associated to Winch Design in Tethered Harvesting Operations: A Case Study from the Pacific North West

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Omar Mologni ◽  
Eric D. T. Nance ◽  
C. Kevin Lyons ◽  
Luca Marchi ◽  
Stefano Grigolato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Limit ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
North West ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
System Activation ◽  
The Impact

Cable tensile forces in winch-assist harvesting have been investigated in order to assess the safety concerns of the technology. However, the literature is lacking, particularly in regards to the impact of winch design. In this study, a Summit Winch Assist tethering a feller-director on ground slopes up to 77% was monitored for four days. The cable tensile forces were simultaneously recorded at the harvesting and anchor machine at a frequency of 100 Hz. Cameras and GNSS devices enabled a time study of the operations and the recording of machine positions. Winch functionality and design were disclosed by the manufacturer and used for the interpretation of the results. The cable tensile forces reached 296 kN at the harvesting machine and 260 kN at the anchor machine. The slow negotiation of obstacles while moving downhill recorded the highest peaks, mainly due to threshold settings of the winch in the brake system activation. Lower but significant peaks were also recorded during stationary work tasks. The peaks, however, were limited to a few events and never exceeded the endurance limit of the cable. Overall, the study confirmed recent findings in cable tensile force analysis of active winch-assist operations and provided evidence of the underlaying mechanisms that contribute to cable tensile forces.

scholarly journals Bearing Witness 2017: Year 2 of a Pacific climate change storytelling project

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Robie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Bearing Witness ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

In 2016, the Pacific Media Centre responded to the devastation and tragedy wrought in Fiji by Severe Tropical Cyclone Winston by initiating the Bearing Witness journalism project and dispatching two postgraduate students to Viti Levu to document and report on the impact of climate change (Robie & Chand, 2017). This was followed up in 2017 in a second phase of what was hoped would become a five-year mission and expanded in future years to include other parts of the Asia-Pacific region. This project is timely, given the new 10-year Strategic Plan 2017-2026 launched by the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) in March and the co-hosting by Fiji of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP23) climate change conference in Bonn, Germany, during November. The students dispatched in 2017 on the  ‘bearing witness’ journalism experiential assignment to work in collaboration with the Pacific Centre for the Environment and Sustainable Development (PaCE-SD) and the Regional Journalism Programme at the University of the South Pacific included a report about the relocation of a remote inland village of Tukuraki. They won the 2017 media and trauma prize of the Asia-Pacific Dart Centre, an agency affiliated with the Columbia School of Journalism. This article is a case study assessing the progress with this second year of the journalism project and exploring the strategic initiatives under way for more nuanced and constructive Asia-Pacific media storytelling in response to climate change.

Assessing the Impact of the South China Sea Arbitration on Small Island States: A Case Study of Kiribati

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-799
Author(s):  
Stuart Kaye
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Small Island ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Island States ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Small Island States ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe Annex VII Tribunal in the South China Sea Arbitration placed a high threshold on States seeking to claim an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) around small features. The implications of such an interpretation are potentially significant for the maritime jurisdiction of a number of States, particularly in the Pacific. This article considers the implications of the decision of the Tribunal, and applies it to Kiribati as a case study. It also considers possible ways States may minimize the risk associated with the Tribunal’s interpretation.

scholarly journals A New Methodology to Assess Indirect Losses in Bridges Subjected to Multiple Hazards

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Forcellini
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Multiple Hazards ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Indirect Losses ◽  
Performance Based Earthquake Engineering ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Original Configuration

Decision making approaches to manage bridge recovering after the impact of multiple hazards are increasing all over the world. In particular, bridges can be considered critical links in highway networks because of their vulnerability and their resilience can be assessed on the basis of evaluation of direct and indirect losses. This paper aims at proposing a new methodology to assess indirect losses for bridges subjected to multiple hazards. The method applied to calculate direct costs is the credited Performance Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) methodology by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) center. Therefore, the main objective of the study consists in the assessment of indirect losses that are generally neglected elsewhere. In particular, the paper proposes to calculate indirect losses from direct costs and to divide them into connectivity losses and prolongation of time. The presented formulation has been applied to a real case study aimed at strengthening a benchmark bridge with several isolated configurations. The results show that the application of the proposed methodology allows to evaluate possible solutions to strengthen the original configuration.

The impact of living with type 2 diabetes: a descriptive qualitative case study with four Pacific participants

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102
Author(s):  
Darlene Pupi ◽  
Trudy Sullivan ◽  
Kirsten J Coppell
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Support Unit ◽  
Personal Cost ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Diabetes is a common among Pacific peoples. The personal cost of diabetes is substantial with the indirect costs shown to outweigh the direct costs in some instances.  The aim of this case study was to identify and describe the personal cost to four Pacific people living with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand. Methods: Two Pacific men and two Pacific women with type 2 diabetes were recruited with the assistance of the Pacific Island Centre and the Pacific Research Student Support Unit, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. The participants were interviewed (three in Samoan and one in English) using an open question approach. Appropriate cultural protocols were observed, and interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Samoan interviews were translated into English. A thematic analysis was undertaken using an inductive approach. Findings: Participants’ ages ranged from the mid-30s to 75 years. The two retired participants had difficulty paying their prescription fees and three participants considered healthy food expensive. Other costs included time off work and family members moving towns to take care of participants and their diabetes. Pacific community members provided time, gifts and money at times when participants were less well. At the same time, participants considered they had a role in educating their community about diabetes prevention. A diagnosis of diabetes triggered healthful lifestyle changes for one participant. Conclusions: The personal cost associated with diabetes is broad and complex, with particular implications for roles and responsibilities among Pacific communities.

Teaching Pedagogies of Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention of Students of Higher Education in Nigeria: An Evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjana Gujrati ◽  
Lawan A. Lawan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Teaching Pedagogies

Entrepreneurship education was introduced in Nigerian higher education institutions as a compulsory course for students regardless of area of specialization in 2006/2007 academic session. This paper investigates the impact of selected teaching pedagogies (Normal lecture, Case study, Meeting entrepreneurs, Expert lecture, Incubation facility, Business plan development, Industry tour, Group discussion, Entrepreneurial stories, and Live project) used in delivering these courses on student’s entrepreneurial intention. Data were collected during scheduled lecture period with the aid of questionnaire on 405 students of universities, colleges of education and polytechnics in the three regions of Northern Nigeria (The North-East, North-Central, and North-West). Proportionate stratified random sampling technique was applied to select the participants. Descriptive along with inferential statistics were used for the analysis. Ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate the impact of each of these courses on students’ entrepreneurial intention. Findings indicate that four out of the ten teaching pedagogies namely; Normal lecture, Case study, Expert lecture, and Incubation facility lead a positive and significant impact on students’ entrepreneurial intentions. Therefore, higher education institutions in Nigeria need to set specific entrepreneurship education goals and come up with an effective blend of both conventional and innovative teaching pedagogies, through which students’ mental and practical capabilities can be improved towards successful entrepreneurship. The study also recommends that the teaching pedagogies applied in entrepreneurship education area must be in alignment with the career interests of the students and with the objectives for which the course is offered.

scholarly journals Crisis, and the Impacts of Crisis, on the Inhabitants of Rural Space: The Case of a Village in North West Portugal

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (79) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Carlos Silva ◽  
Antonio Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Rural People ◽  
North West ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Liberal Perspective ◽  
External Reasons

<p>In 2011, Portugal, suffering the impact of the 2008 crisis, both for internal and external reasons, requested financial assistance from the <em>Troika</em> (IMF/ECB/EU). The Portuguese experienced company bankruptcies, cuts to salaries and pensions, rising unemployment and job insecurity and difficulties in paying their mortgages. Despite severe austerity programs and formal exit of the <em>Troika</em>, Portugal failed to reduce public debt. In this article, after giving a brief overview of development models, we will focus our attention on the impacts of the crisis in rural areas and the diverse perceptions of crisis by different groups and families. As a case study, we will consider the strategies employed by residents of a parish in the municipality of Barcelos (Braga, Minho), to reduce the damage caused by the crisis. Against the mainstream liberal perspective and the traditional Marxist thesis we sustain that rural people adopt an attitude of resiliency in relation to the austerity program and on the basis of empirical qualitative research methods we can witness creative familial strategies to survive: migration, exploiting the potentialities of the land, taking advantage of artisanal and commercial opportunities in order to cope with the difficulties caused by the crisis.     </p>

On Measurement of Effective Silicon Backend Strength Using Bump Pull/Shear Techniques

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sane ◽  
Shalabh Tandon ◽  
Biju Chandran ◽  
Tsgereda Alazar ◽  
Leonard R. Sorenson
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Process Variables ◽  
First Case ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low K

Integrating a low-K ILD layer within silicon is key to reducing RC delays. However, low-K ILD materials typically have low mechanical strength, making their incorporation with lead free interconnects an industry-wide challenge. It is well known that conversion to lead free first level interconnects increases die backend stresses due to the higher melting temperature and increased solder stiffness. The paper will focus on the measurement of the effective silicon backend strength after subjecting the dice to different fabrication and assembly steps. The effective strength will also be evaluated post reliability stress exposure to eventually understand the life of these films. The paper will describe how a commercially available Dage 4000 tool was modified for this application. Bump pull was carried out using a 100μm tweezers, while bump shear used 1mil (25.4μm) wide stylus. Static and dynamic calibration was first carried out to ensure repeatability and reproducibility of the results. Peak force and failure modes were used as metrics to compare the effectiveness of different experimental legs. Traditional failure analysis approach of mechanical polishing, or when needed, use of FIB for sample preparation, with subsequent SEM/EDX analysis was utilized to understand the failure mechanism. Data suggests that shear and pull lead to different failure modes. Bump shear mainly led to failure at the bump/polyimide interface and did not necessarily correspond to the weakest layer or interface in the silicon backend. Whereas bump-pull, which applies tensile force to the stack up, lead to failures in the weakest layer, typically the low-K ILD, in the silicon backend. Hence, bump pull provided the advantage over shear as it allowed evaluation of the weakest interface in the stack up. Two case studies are discussed to demonstrate on how bump pull/shear metrologies were used to understand the impact of different assembly/FAB process variables and highly accelerated steam test (HAST) reliability stress on silicon backend strength. First case study shows influence of assembly flux on silicon backend strength, while second case study describes impact of HAST on different FAB backend processes.

scholarly journals Determination of the Impact of Weft Density on Fabric Dynamic Thickness under Tensile Forces

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6(138)) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Željko Penava ◽  
Diana Šimić Penava ◽  
Željko Knezić
Keyword(s):  
Axial Strain ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Measuring Apparatus ◽  
Thickness Change ◽  
Fabric Thickness ◽  
Axial Forces ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the impact of fabric density on fabric thickness change when samples are subjected to uniaxial tensile forces in the weft direction. During stretching, fabric thickness changes depending on the value of the tensile force. In an effort to be as precise as possible in measuring fabric dynamic thickness changes and the area on which the tensile force acts, a new measuring apparatus was designed and constructed. This measuring apparatus allows the simultaneous measurement of fabric dynamic thickness, related tensile axial forces and extension. Measurements of the fabric dynamic thickness, breaking force and breaking extension during the stretching process were carried out on five samples of cotton woven fabric with a constant warp density and different weft densities in the same structural plain weave. Based on the experimentally obtained values, the paper presents diagrams of the relationship between dynamic changes in fabric thickness in relation to the tensile force and extension. The research presented in this paper shows that an increase in the tensile force increases fabric thickness for all weft densities. Also, the out-of-plane woven fabric ratio was calculated as a relation between the relative thickness strain and relative axial strain. The characteristic curve shows this ratio.

Restriction of nyctinastic movements and application of tensile forces to leaves affects diurnal patterns of expansion growth

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Walter ◽  
Regina Feil ◽  
Ulrich Schurr
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Leaf Vein ◽  
Tensile Forces ◽  
Biomechanical Forces ◽  
The Impact

Leaves of Ricinus communis L. show strong nyctinastic movements as well as diurnal variations of growth activity, combined with prominent basipetal gradients of relative growth rate. A novel technique, using digital image sequence processing, is able to resolve such spatio–temporal patterns of leaf growth with high resolution. In this paper we analyse the impact of prevention of nyctinastic movements, and the potential of tensile forces to overcome the retarding effects. Tensile forces affected leaf expansion and tissue expansibility in a dose–response relation. In a comparison with freely-growing leaves, an appropriate, optimal tensile force was identified that rebuilt the natural diurnal course of leaf expansion. With this tensile force, undisturbed patterns of temporal and spatial growth distribution as well as undisturbed concentrations of major cations, amino acids or soluble sugars were observed. However, diurnal fluctuations in starch content of almost fully-grown leaves were affected by the treatment and could not be compensated by tensile forces. This effect might point to a connection between diurnal growth variations of the leaf vein, biomechanical forces that synchronize growth within the vein, and metabolism of carbohydrates as growth substrates of the vein. We therefore hypothesize that interveinal tensions, which are produced during nyctinastic leaf movements, are (i) required for undisturbed leaf growth and (ii) can be simulated by application of adequate tensile forces.

Towards an Ontology for Impact Projection of Complex Decisions

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision System ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Work Tasks ◽  
Complex Decision ◽  
The Impact

Complex decisions are an unusual process, composed of actions. An impact is a measure of the tangible and intangible consequences of one thing on another. Impacts are interdependent, and the environment in which they are measured generates constant change for decision making. This paper proposes the impact projection’s conceptualization, organized into a meta-ontology called OntoImpact. It comprises concepts that are crucial in supporting the understanding and representation of impact projections for complex decisions. The main contribution of OntoImpact is to support decision-makers in their work tasks, besides providing bases to support the development of a complex decision system. This paper was evaluated in a case study of an emergency domain. The results show that OntoImpact provides elements that can support complex decision analysis and project impacts in a collaborative way.

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