scholarly journals Availability and Applicability of Wood and Crop Residues for the Production of Wood Composites

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 641
Author(s):  
Petr Procházka ◽  
Vladimír Honig ◽  
Jiří Bouček ◽  
Kateřina Hájková ◽  
Lukáš Trakal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Biofuel Policy ◽  
The Stability

Due to high levels of volatility in both the agricultural and the forestry commodity markets, specifically, of timber and agricultural crops, it is important to identify the risks associated with the stability of supplies necessary for the production of composite materials in the Czech Republic. This study aims to accurately estimate the availability of selected raw materials that contain lignocellulose over the next 20 years. In addition, their suitability for the production of composite materials is assessed based on their physical properties. Furthermore, in the event of scarcity involving timber in the European Union, recycled wood and post-harvest residues could replace conventional raw materials in wood-based composites such as particleboards and chipboards. The viable potential of Czech forests is predicted to be between 740 and 750 million cubic meters of timber. For agricultural crops, it is estimated at 0.9 million hectares of wheat and 0.5 million hectares of canola under the current EU biofuel policy and at 0.4 million hectares if this policy is removed. According to moisture and fibre analyses carried out in our study, the most suitable candidate for wood-based composites production is soft wood.

Resources provision of woodworking industries in Ukraine: cross-national and inter-regional comparisons

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ishchuk ◽  
Lyubomyr Sozanskyy
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wood Processing

Sufficient supply of woodworking with raw materials while preserving the ecology and rational use of wood is a necessary condition for the functioning of the woodworking industry as one of the key segments of the national economy. The issue is of particular importance given the deepening of world integration processes and the introduction of a moratorium on timber exports from Ukraine. It actualizes the study of the state and dynamics of the formation of raw materials potential of domestic woodworks. The purpose of the article is a structural and dynamic assessment of the economic and environmental aspects of formation of the resource potential of Ukrainian woodworks in comparison with the countries of the European Union, as well as in the regional section by types of wood. In the structure of merchantable wood harvested in Ukraine, fuel wood share increased by 4.3 pp. during 2011-2016, whereas in 2017 it increased by 3.8 pp. compared to 2016 and amounted to 61.4%. Unlike in Ukraine, in the vast majority of EU countries business timber is the basis of the structure of harvested merchantable timber. Thus, in the neighboring countries with similar forest landscape – Poland and the Czech Republic – the share of fuel wood in 2017 was 11.6% and 12.3%, in Slovakia – only 6.3%, and in the EU as a whole – 23. 2%. Hence, the significant deterioration of the structure of the harvested merchantable timber in Ukraine can be interpreted as a threat to environmental, and therefore to national security. On the other hand, the results of the assessments revealed an increase in the volume of commercial timber harvesting in Ukraine (in 18 regions) in 2018, as well as in the level of forest reproduction in the leading regions from the harvesting of merchantable timber (Zhytomyr, Kyiv and Rivne regions) and a decrease in the death rate. The restoration of the logical patterns between the dynamics of the loss of stands and the harvesting of commercial and fuel wood are signs of the beginning of positive tendencies in ensuring the preservation and rationalization of raw potential of domestic woodworks and, at the same time, improving the conditions for deepening the level of wood processing. Further authors’ research in this area will be devoted to the search for effective forms of wood industry development in Ukraine, in particular in the Western region.

scholarly journals Conditions of sustainable development in the Czech Republic in compliance with the recommendation of the European Commission − Scientific Information

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hrabánková ◽  
I. Boháčková
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Social Economic Development

The Program Period of the European Union for the years 2007–2013 is focused on supports of the rural development standardization and creation of the space for its sustainable development. Agriculture in the structure of production and non-production functions is an important factor of social-economic development of countryside and contributes to the increase of its growth potential. Diversification of activities in the countryside has a significant influence on the stability of settlement, the development of employment in the countryside, and sustenance of the entrepreneurial structures in rural regions.

scholarly journals The Utilization of Crop Residues as Forest Protection: Predicting the Production of Wheat and Rapeseed Residues

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5828
Author(s):  
Petra Hýsková ◽  
Štěpán Hýsek ◽  
Vilém Jarský
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Harvest Residues ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Harvest Residue

Deforestation is a global threat in the form of the reduction of all of the ecosystem services provided to humans by forest ecosystems. For this reason, this article deals with the protection of forest ecosystem services by searching for a substitute for wood biomass. In recent years, the post-harvest residues of agricultural crops have been used mainly for energy and material uses. If this raw material is to be used industrially in the long term, we must have an idea of its future production. In most studies, predictions of future post-harvest residue productions are resolved in terms of the availability for energy sectors. This paper deals with the total amount of produced post-harvest residues that can be taken from the field; the post-harvest residue production for selected sectors is not subtracted from the overall prediction. Post-harvest residue production was estimated using the residue to product ratio (RPR), wherein the RPR coefficient was calculated for the monitored crops in each year, and the post-harvest residue production was subsequently calculated in each year according to the conversion rate characteristic for each year. The production of two widespread agricultural crops—wheat and rapeseed—was predicted. Linear regression models were used for the estimations. Based on these models, we predict the production of 58.3 million tonnes of post-harvest wheat residues and 22.4 million tonnes of post-harvest rapeseed residues in 2030 in the European Union. In the Czech Republic, we predict the production of 1.8 million tonnes of post-harvest wheat residues and 1.3 million tonnes of post-harvest rapeseed residues. The presented results can be used as the basis for further considerations of the material use of post-harvest residues and for the substitution of wood with these residues.

scholarly journals Conditions of sustainable development in the Czech Republic in compliance with the recommendation of the European Commission

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hrabánková ◽  
I. Boháčková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Social Economic Development

The Program Period of the European Union for the years 2007–2013 is focused on the support of standardization of rural development and the creation of a space for its sustainable development. Agriculture is in the structure of production and non-production functions an important factor of social-economic development of countryside and it contributes to the increase of its growth potential. Diversification of activities in the countryside has a significant influence on the stability of settlement, the development of employment in the countryside, and the sustenance of entrepreneurial structures in rural regions.

scholarly journals Comparative Rheological Properties of Soy Lecithins Produced in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1861-1870
Author(s):  
Elena Butina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Far East ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Russian Plant ◽  
Production Technologies

The work is devoted to a comparative study of the features of the structural and mechanical properties of soybean lecithins, produced in Russia, in their relationship with the composition and other characteristics. Considering that the cultivation of transgenic agricultural crops is prohibited in Russia, Russian plant raw materials and products of its processing, including lecithin, are of interest and are in demand in a number of European countries. Despite the fact that the main raspberry raw material in Russia is sunflower, the volume of processing of soybeans grown without the use of genetic modification methods, the main plantations of which are located in the Far East, ranks second after sunflower. Lecithin production technologies in Russia are mostly focused on the production of so-called "raw" liquid lecithins and do not provide for the operation of their subsequent conditioning in order to ensure special characteristics of the composition and consumer properties. Despite this, raw soy lecithins produced by Russian enterprises mostly meet the requirements of GOST 32052-2013 and the European Union E 322 requirements and can be positioned as standard liquid lecithins. At the same time, during the release of such lecithins, problems associated with an increase in their viscosity during storage are periodically observed. This article presents the results of comparative studies of the composition and properties of liquid soybean lecithins of various consistencies and presents conclusions on the factors that determine the features of their structural and mechanical properties.

Rational nature management - the basis for increasing the stability of agricultural crops for diseases and pests

2019 ◽  
Vol 325 (5) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
I.A. Trofimov ◽  
◽  
V.M. Kosolapov ◽  
L.S. Trofimova ◽  
E.P. Yakovleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Management ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Rational Nature ◽  
The Stability

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

FUNDAMENTAL CAPITAL FINANCING OF PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Farrux Zulfiyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Equity Financing ◽  
Capital Financing ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability

This article is based on the principles of shared financing of the production of raw materials. The article is aimed at financing the production of capital on the basis of equity in order to further strengthen the stability of economic reforms in the republic. At the same time, the essence of equity financing, the risks associated with it, and the efficiency of raw materials are covered

Political aspects of security of the European Union Member States

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kusztykiewicz-Fedurek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Political Security ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Eu

Political security is very often considered through the prism of individual states. In the scholar literature in-depth analyses of this kind of security are rarely encountered in the context of international entities that these countries integrate. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to key aspects of political security in the European Union (EU) Member States. The EU as a supranational organisation, gathering Member States first, ensures the stability of the EU as a whole, and secondly, it ensures that Member States respect common values and principles. Additionally, the EU institutions focus on ensuring the proper functioning of the Eurozone (also called officially “euro area” in EU regulations). Actions that may have a negative impact on the level of the EU’s political security include the boycott of establishing new institutions conducive to the peaceful coexistence and development of states. These threats seem to have a significant impact on the situation in the EU in the face of the proposed (and not accepted by Member States not belonging to the Eurogroup) Eurozone reforms concerning, inter alia, appointment of the Minister of Economy and Finance and the creation of a new institution - the European Monetary Fund.

Bamboo Waste-based Bio-composite Substance: An application for Low-cost Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Teodoro Astorga Amatosa ◽  
Michael E. Loretero
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
Natural Treatment

Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.

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