scholarly journals Ecological Diversity within Rear-Edge: A Case Study from Mediterranean Quercus pyrenaica Willd.

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Pérez-Luque ◽  
Blas M. Benito ◽  
Francisco J. Bonet-García ◽  
Regino Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Quercus Pyrenaica ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rear Edge ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Edge Populations

Understanding the ecology of populations located in the rear edge of their distribution is key to assessing the response of the species to changing environmental conditions. Here, we focus on rear-edge populations of Quercus pyrenaica in Sierra Nevada (southern Iberian Peninsula) to analyze their ecological and floristic diversity. We perform multivariate analyses using high-resolution environmental information and forest inventories to determine how environmental variables differ among oak populations, and to identify population groups based on environmental and floristic composition. We find that water availability is a key variable in explaining the distribution of Q. pyrenaica and the floristic diversity of their accompanying communities within its rear edge. Three cluster of oak populations were identified based on environmental variables. We found differences among these clusters regarding plant diversity, but not for forest attributes. A remarkable match between the populations clustering derived from analysis of environmental variables and the ordination of the populations according to species composition was found. The diversity of ecological behaviors for Q. pyrenaica populations in this rear edge are consistent with the high genetic diversity shown by populations of this oak in the Sierra Nevada. The identification of differences between oak populations within the rear-edge with respect to environmental variables can aid with planning the forest management and restoration actions, particularly considering the importance of some environmental factors in key ecological aspects.

scholarly journals Hyrcanian forests-Stable rear-edge populations harbouring high genetic diversity of Fraxinus excelsior, a common European tree species

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1521-1533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Ortvald Erichsen ◽  
Katharina Birgit Budde ◽  
Khosro Sagheb-Talebi ◽  
Francesca Bagnoli ◽  
Giovanni Giuseppe Vendramin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Fraxinus Excelsior ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Hyrcanian Forests ◽  
Rear Edge ◽  
Edge Populations

scholarly journals Genetic Distinctiveness but Low Diversity Characterizes Rear-Edge Thuja standishii (Gordon) Carr. (Cupressaceae) Populations in Southwest Japan

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
James R. P. Worth ◽  
Ichiro Tamaki ◽  
Ikutaro Tsuyama ◽  
Peter A. Harrison ◽  
Kyoko Sugai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Southwest Japan ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Rear Edge ◽  
The Core ◽  
Edge Populations

Rear-edge populations are of significant scientific interest because they can contain allelic variation not found in core-range populations. However, such populations can differ in their level of genetic diversity and divergence reflecting variation in life-history traits, demographic histories and human impacts. Using 13 EST-microsatellites, we investigated the genetic diversity and differentiation of rear-edge populations of the Japanese endemic conifer Thuja standishii (Gordon) Carr. in southwest Japan from the core-range in northeast Japan. Range-wide genetic differentiation was moderate (Fst = 0.087), with northeast populations weakly differentiated (Fst = 0.047), but harboring high genetic diversity (average population-level Ar = 4.76 and Ho = 0.59). In contrast, rear-edge populations were genetically diverged (Fst = 0.168), but contained few unique alleles with lower genetic diversity (Ar = 3.73, Ho = 0.49). The divergence between rear-edge populations exceeding levels observed in the core-range and results from ABC analysis and species distribution modelling suggest that these populations are most likely relicts of the Last Glacial Maximum. However, despite long term persistence, low effective population size, low migration between populations and genetic drift have worked to promote the genetic differentiation of southwest Japan populations of T. standishii without the accumulation of unique alleles.

scholarly journals Colonization Pattern of Abandoned Croplands by Quercus pyrenaica in a Mediterranean Mountain Region

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
Antonio J. Pérez-Luque ◽  
Francisco J. Bonet-García ◽  
Regino Zamora
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Landscape Configuration ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Quercus Pyrenaica ◽  
Colonization Pattern ◽  
Rear Edge ◽  
Juvenile Abundance ◽  
Study Sites

Land abandonment is a major global change driver in the Mediterranean region, where anthropic activity has played an important role in shaping landscape configuration. Understanding the woodland expansion towards abandoned croplands is critical to develop effective management strategies. In this study, we analyze the colonization pattern of abandoned croplands by Quercus pyrenaica in the Sierra Nevada mountain range (southern Spain). We aimed to assess differences among populations within the rear edge of the Q. pyrenaica distribution. For this purpose, we characterized (i) the colonization pattern of Q. pyrenaica, (ii) the structure of the seed source (surrounding forests), and (iii) the abundance of the main seed disperser (Eurasian jay, Garrulus glandarius). The study was conducted in five abandoned croplands located in two representative populations of Q. pyrenaica located on contrasting slopes. Vegetation plots within three habitat types (mature forest, edge-forest and abandoned cropland) were established to compute the abundance of oak juveniles. The abundance of European jay was determined using data of bird censuses (covering 7 years). Our results indicate that a natural recolonization of abandoned croplands by Q. pyrenaica is occurring in the rear edge of the distribution of this oak species. Oak juvenile abundance varied between study sites. Neither the surrounding-forest structure nor the abundance of jays varied significantly between study sites. The differences in the recolonization patterns seem to be related to differences in the previous- and post-abandonment management.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of Organic Fertilizing and Mulching on Productivity and Phytodiversity on Oligotrophic Grasslands

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Ágnes BALáZSI ◽  
Ioan ROTAR ◽  
Florin PÄ‚CURAR ◽  
Roxana VIDICAN ◽  
Anca BOGDAN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Agrostis Capillaris ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Apuseni Mountains ◽  
Grassland Type

Organic fertilizers have an influence on the floristic composition of grasslands. Fertilizing with manure favours the phytodiversity of grasslands. The objective of the study was to follow the influence of mulching and organic fertilizing in small quantities and at various time intervals upon dry matter yield and phytodiversity of Agrostis capillaris L. - Festuca rubra L. grassland type in the Apuseni Mountains. Seven treatments  ( control  ( mowed 1/year ) ; mulch 1/year; mulch 1/year + 5 t/ha manure /year; mulch 1/year + 5 t/ha manure/2 years; mulch 1/year + 10 t/ha manure/2 years; mulch 1/year + 10 t/ha manure/3 years; abandonment )  were evaluated experimentally. Organic fertilizing in low quantities could be a way to maintain the floristic diversity of oligotrophic grasslands in Apuseni Mountains.

scholarly journals EFEITO DA EXPLORAÇÃO NA RIQUEZA FLORÍSTICA E DIVERSIDADE EM UMA FLORESTA ECOTONAL DA REGIÃO NORTE MATO-GROSSENSE

FLORESTA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirle Colpini ◽  
Versides Sebastião de Moraes e Silva ◽  
Thelma Shirlen Soares ◽  
José Vespasiano Lisboa Assumpção ◽  
Roberto Chiaranda
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Floristic Richness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Logged Forest ◽  
Southern Amazonia

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as mudanças ocorridas na riqueza e diversidade de espécies em uma floresta ecotonal na região norte mato-grossense. Os dados foram coletados em três ocasiões (2001, antes da exploração, e em 2003 e 2007, após a exploração), em 74 parcelas de 0,25 ha, sendo 69 para estudar a floresta não explorada e 5 para a explorada, com a retirada dos fustes de árvores com diâmetros comercialmente aceitos no mercado. Todos os indivíduos com diâmetro a 1,3 m de altura do solo (Dap) ≥ 17 cm foram mensurados e identificados. A diversidade florística foi avaliada por meio do quociente de mistura de Jentsch e pelo índice de Shannon-Wiener e a equabilidade pelo índice de Pielou. A variação da riqueza e diversidade de espécies antes e após a exploração madeireira foi pequena, o que confirma o baixo impacto da exploração na composição e diversidade das espécies da floresta.Palavras-chave: Diversidade; equabilidade; Amazônia Meridional. AbstractLogging effects on floristic richness and species diversity in an ecotonal forest in northern region of Mato Grosso state, Brazil. The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in relation to floristic richness and species diversity in an ecotonal forest in northern region of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Data had been collected along three different moments (2001 [before logging], in 2003 and 2007 [after logging]) in 74 0.25-ha plots (69 in unlogged forest and 5 in logged forest). Trees with diameter ≥ 17 cm and 1.3 m height (dbh) had been measured and identified. Floristic diversity was evaluated by Jentsch Coefficient of Mixture and Shannon-Wiener index as well as its equability by Pielou’s Index. There were little variations before and after logging in relation to floristic richness and species diversity, it confirms low impact of exploration on floristic composition and species diversity of the forest.Keywords: Diversity; equability; Southern Amazonia. 

scholarly journals Unprecedented herbivory threatens rear‐edge populations of Betula in southwestern Eurasia

Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
César Morales‐Molino ◽  
Willy Tinner ◽  
Ramón Perea ◽  
José S. Carrión ◽  
Daniele Colombaroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rear Edge ◽  
Edge Populations

DIVERSITAS FLORISTIK DAN STRUKTUR VEGETASI DI HUTAN GUNUNG PAYUNG, TAMAN NASIONAL UJUNG KULON

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purwaningsih Purwaningsih ◽  
Tika D. Atikah
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Lagerstroemia Speciosa ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Quadrat Method ◽  
Artocarpus Elasticus

A floristic diversity and vegetation forest structure was carried out on the Mount Payung, Ujung Kulon National Park. The objective was to floristic composition and structure of the forest located at the peninsula of Ujung Kulon, Banten. The study was conducted using the quadrat method by establishing plots of 5000 m2 each at two locations Pasir Ipis and Gunung Keneng, thus the total area sampled was 1 ha. They were Plot Pasir Ipis and Plot Gunung Keneng. A total of 1898 trees comprising 105 species of 74 genera and 43 families were recorded. The number of species at Pasir Ipis higher (90 species) than plot Gn Keneng (61 species). Based on calculation the important value indexes (IVI), there were some dominan species with IVI >10 at Pasir Ipis Neesia altissima (IV=21,55), Barringtonia racemosa (17,89), Payena acuminata (13,35) and Neonauclea lanceolata (12,37). The dominated species at Plot Gn Kendeng were Pseuduvaria reticulata (IV= 34,30), Dillenia excelsa (27,62), Lagerstroemia speciosa (20,89), Popowia pisocarpa (17,57). The structure of forest could be inferred from the diameter and height of trees. The diameter measurements showed that 75,57 % of trees in plot Pasir Ipis and 80,51 % in plot Gunung Kendeng consist of small individuals with diameters between 10-20 cm. Trees with large diameters of >100 cm occurred in two plots among them Barringtonia racemosa, Polyalthia lateriflora, Popowia pisocarpa, Artocarpus elasticus. The presence of large numbers of small trees and lesser numbers of trees with large diameters in a forest stand indicated that the stand was regenerating after heavy disturbance. The presence of the majority of trees with height of < 20 m (99 %) further confirmed the forest’s dynamic status.

scholarly journals NATURAL REGENERATION STRATUM AS AN INDICATOR OF RESTORATION IN AREA OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPENSATION FOR MINING LIMESTONE, MUNICIPALITY OF BARROSO, MG, BRAZIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanuza Helena Campos ◽  
Sebastião Venâncio Martins
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Restoration Process ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Management Actions

ABSTRACT This study was conducted in a forest under restoration process, which belongs to the company Holcim Brasil S/A, in the municipality of Barroso, state of Minas Gerais (21º00'to 22º00'S and 43º00' to 44º00'W), where 40 plots (2 x 2 m) were set, spaced at 10 m, forming eight strata parallel to the watercourse present in the area. Floristic composition and natural regeneration stratum were characterized, and the formed strata allowed evaluating whether the riparian vegetation and watercourse influence on the local regeneration. It was found 162 individuals of 13 families, 18 genera and 22 species, and 10,125 individuals/ha were estimated. Successional classes from pioneer and early secondary and zoochory dispersion syndrome prevailed among species and individuals. The watercourse and riparian vegetation did not exercise significant influence (p> 0.05) on the number of species and regenerating individuals among the different strata of the forest. The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener (H') and equability of Pielou (J') were 2.691 and 0.870, respectively. The species Psidium guajava and Myrtaceae families presented the highest VI (value of importance). Natural regeneration analysis showed the low floristic diversity in the area, suggesting that corrective management actions should be adopted.

scholarly journals Interspecific gene flow and vicariance in Northern African rear-edge white oak populations revealed by joint analysis of microsatellites and flanking sequences.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lepais Olivier ◽  
Abdeldjalil Aissi ◽  
Errol Véla ◽  
Yassine Beghami
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Interspecific Gene Flow ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Rear Edge ◽  
Flanking Sequences ◽  
Edge Populations

Rear-edge populations represent reservoirs of potentially unique genetic diversity but are particularly vulnerable to global changes. While continental-scale phylogeographic studies usually do not cover these populations, more focused local scale study of rear-edge populations should help better understand both past evolutionary history and its consequences for the persistence and conservation of these potentially unique populations. We studied molecular variation at 36 sequenced nuclear microsatellites in 11 rear-edge Quercus faginea and Q. canariensis populations across Algeria to shed light on taxonomic relationship, population past evolutionary history and recent demographic trajectory. We used descriptive approach and simulation-based inference to assess the information content and complementarity of linked microsatellite and flanking sequence variations. Genetic differentiation among populations classified into eight well-defined genetic clusters do not allow to unambiguously delineate two species. Instead, continuous level of genetic differentiation indicates interspecific gene flow or drift in isolation. Whereas the analysis of microsatellite variation allowed inferring recent interspecific gene flow, additional nucleotide variation in flanking sequences, by reducing homoplasy, pointed towards ancient interspecific gene flow followed by drift in isolation. The assessment of the weight of each polymorphism in the inference demonstrates the value of linked variation with contrasted mutational mechanisms and rates to refine historical demographic inference. Past population size decline inferred in some of these oak populations as well as low contemporary effective population size for most populations is a concern for the persistence of these populations of high evolutionary significance and conservation value.

scholarly journals Phytosociogical Research on Wet Meadows Dominated by Scirpus sylvaticus L. in Călimani and Gurghiului Mountains (Mureș County)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Silvia Oroian ◽  
Mihaela Sămărghiţan
Keyword(s):  
Community Organization ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Wet Meadows ◽  
Vegetation Sampling ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Fringe Communities

Abstract Phytosociological structure of the communities dominated by Scirpus sylvaticus was studied in the mountain area of Mureş County with focus on vegetation community organization, floristic composition and habitat conservation. The vegetation sampling and data analysis were done following standard procedures. The study of wet meadows from the Călimani and Gurghiului Mountains carried out in field during 2015-2019, highlights the presence of hygrophilous coenoses belonging to the Scirpetum sylvatici Ralski 1931 plant association. These wet meadows grow on alluvial, gleyic and acidophilous soils. The identified communities belong to Natura 2000 habitat 6430 Hydrophilous tall-herb fringe communities of plains in the montane to alpine levels. The conservation status of the habitat is good and very good and the floristic composition emphasizes a rich floristic diversity.

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