scholarly journals Differences in Forest Use Strategies for Cash Income between Households Living outside and inside Selectively Logged Production Forests in Myanmar

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
Thein Saung ◽  
Nobuya Mizoue ◽  
Tetsuji Ota ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kajisa
Keyword(s):  
Community Forestry ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Forest Dependency ◽  
Forest Law ◽  
Production Forests ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Main Activity

In many tropical regions, rural households often depend on forests for cash income, but there is still little knowledge on how forest use strategies differ among people living in different locations. This study aimed to detect differences in forest use strategies and forest cash income dependency between households living outside and inside selectively logged production forests, known as Reserved Forests (RFs), in Bago Township, Myanmar. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 146 and 48 households living outside and inside the RFs, respectively. The inside-households (encroachers) had a much higher forest cash income dependency (83%), with charcoal production as the main forest use activity, than the outside-households (32%), with bamboo cutting as the main activity. Higher forest dependency was found for outside-households that had less farmland, better accessibility to forest and more recognition of prohibited access to RFs in forest law. This study revealed evidence of substantial forest use for commercial purposes in RFs by households living both inside and outside the RFs, despite local recognition of the illegality of the use. Implementing community forestry practices for local communities may be a better option to reduce illegal dependence on selectively logged production forests.

Are community forestry principles at work in Ontario’s County, Municipal, and Conservation Authority forests?

2012 ◽  
Vol 88 (06) ◽  
pp. 697-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Teitelbaum ◽  
Ryan Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Community Forestry ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Governance Process ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Multiple Use Management ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Local Government Management ◽  
Land Community

Ontario’s County, Municipal and Conservation Authority forests have received little attention within the academic literature on community forestry in Canada. These “Agreement Forests”, as they were once called, are a product of the early 20th century and have been under local government management since the 1990s. Most are situated in Southern Ontario. In this article we investigate the extent to which community forestry principles are at work in these forests. Three principles— participatory governance, local benefits and multiple forest use—are analyzed using a composite score approach derived from survey data collected from nearly all of these forest organizations (response rate = 80%). Results indicate that most of these organizations do display attributes associated with community forestry principles, including a local governance process, public participation activities, local employment and multiple-use management. Traditional forestry employment is less strong than in similar studies of Crown land community forests; however, there is an important emphasis on non-timber activities. The article concludes that the County, Municipal and Conservation Authority forests represents a unique approach, which reflects the specific geographic and socio-economic context in which it resides.

scholarly journals Legal Problems of Realization of Rights on Forest Areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Юлия Шуплецова ◽  
Yuliya Shupletsova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Problems ◽  
Forest Law ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Forest Legislation ◽  
Renewable Natural Resource ◽  
The Right

Presented article is the result of study of the issues of legal regulation of forest exploitation in the Russian Federation made by the author. The work substantiates the position according to which the use of forests is a form of realization of the subjective rights of forest management. Forests are the main natural resources of Russia and of the world. Despite the fact that the forests are renewable natural resource, their protection from damage and destruction during use is one of the most important tasks of the forest law. The author concludes that taking into account features of object of legal regulation, in the process of implementation of right for the forest management responsibilities of the right holder are essential. The article also examines the main types of forest use envisaged by the forest legislation of the Russian Federation, as well as legal problems arising in the implementation of forest management by different actors of economic and other activities. The author analyzes a number of subordinate normative legal acts and court decisions to identify legal uncertainties and gaps in the forestry law.

Estimating the impact of forest use on biodiversity in protected areas of developing tropical regions

Erdkunde ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Faude ◽  
Hannes Feilhauer ◽  
Sebastian Schmidtlein
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
The Impact

A Field-, GIS- and FTIR based approach to assess the distribution and development of soils affected by historical charcoal production in western Connecticut, USA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Bonhage ◽  
Florian Hirsch ◽  
Thomas Raab ◽  
Anna Schneider ◽  
Alexandra Raab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soils ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Technogenic Soils ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Soil Distribution ◽  
Pedogenic Processes ◽  
The Impact

<p>The effects of historical charcoal production on forest soil properties are increasingly well studied on sites in Europe and the northern USA. The most obvious effect of this past forest use practice is the addition of large quantities of charcoal into the soil at sites of former charcoal production. These so called relict charcoal hearth (RCH) sites are mapped in expansive numbers due to the rising availability of high-resolution LiDAR data. However, studies determining the impact of RCHs on more than a field plot scale are rare, so far. To transform results from specific RCH sites to a landscape scale, we sampled and measured 52 RCH sites on a 0.7 km² area in the Litchfield Hills in western Connecticut, USA.</p><p>In this study we combine field based measurements of RCH site stratigraphy and geometry, GIS-based spatial analysis of site locations, laboratory determination of soil organic and pyrogenic carbon and FTIR-based analysis of soil carbon. We aim at assessing the soil distribution and soil development in an RCH affected landscape, i.e. the distribution of three typical soils commonly found in these landscapes: natural forest soils, technogenic soils of RCH platforms and soils buried below technogenic soils. Furthermore, we determine the distribution of organic and pyrogenic carbon in these soils and specifically the variation of carbon contents within the technogenic RCH soil stratigraphy.</p><p>Preliminary results suggest that RCH site occurrence does not depend on relief position, i.e. RCH site abundance is not correlated with slopes, plateau or flatland positions. However, RCHs with multiple layers of technogenic substrates are more abundant on slope positions. RCH soils have a significantly increased content in total carbon compared  to unaffected forest soils. Multi-layered RCHs have a heterogeneous vertical distribution of pyrogenic carbon and a possibly modern enrichment of organic matter in the surface soil. Wet chemical digestion of RCH soil samples coupled with FTIR analysis shows an increased presence of aromatic compounds and therefore pyrogenic carbon. However, the majority  of carbon in RCH soils seems to be of non-pyrogenic origin. As of now it is unclear, whether  the content of pyrogenic carbon is underestimated by analytical uncertainties or if pedogenic processes are responsible for an enrichment of labile- and semi-labile organic carbon in the charcoal-rich RCH soil.</p>

scholarly journals ALLOCATION OF REPRESENTATIVE SITES OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS WITHIN FSC CERTIFICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-37
Author(s):  
Nikita Debkov
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Intensive Forest Management ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
Production Forests ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Different Characteristics

Voluntary forest certification is a widespread mechanism of a market economy aimed at balancing economic, environmental and social interests. The article provides a methodology for identifying representative areas of forest ecosystems when forming a network of protected areas that form the ecological framework of the leased area. As an example, we took a logging company that leases two forest plots in Chebulinsky forestry of the Kemerovo region with different characteristics of the forest fund and the history of forest use. Based on the basic requirements of the current FSC forest management standard, a methodology for identifying representative sites has been developed. As a result of its application, it was found that in the area with more intensive forest management, 41% of the forest types present in the entire forestry area are found, despite its smaller area (3837 hectares). It is 21% on a larger, but less transformed and fragmented plot (5224 ha). It was revealed that the share of the frequent forest types (with the occurrence above 1%), which is 18%, is common for both leased plots. The area of representative plots is also approximately the same - 4.16 and 3.79%, respectively. It is noteworthy that frequent types of forests are already present in sufficient quantities in the network of protective forests and especially protective areas in production forests. But rare forest types, as a rule, are slightly represented in them. It enables us to conclude that it is important to form a network of representative sites in forest certification. It has been established that both coniferous and deciduous stands fall into rare forest ecosystems. The average area under allotment in the older cultivated leased plot is 8.8 hectares (with a variation from 0.8 to 55.0 hectares), and in less cultivated - 13.3 hectares (with a variation from 1.8 to 28.7 hectares), which is quite logical. However, in the first leased area, only 9%, and in the second - 6% of representative areas have an area of over 20 ha, which is accepted as a threshold in several countries

scholarly journals Wasteland reclamation strategy for household timber security of tribes in Jharkhand, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2264-2271
Author(s):  
M. A. Islam ◽  
S. M. S. Quli ◽  
Tahir Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Forest Dependency ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Traditional Agroforestry ◽  
Wasteland Reclamation

The study sought to examine the timber dependency on forests and evolve wasteland reclamation strategy to eliminate the forest dependency in Bundu block of Ranchi District in Jharkhand, India. Multi-stage random sampling technique was applied to select 164 tribal households from 9 sample villages. Data were collected using structured interviews and non-participant observations which were analyzed using descriptive statistics viz., frequency, percentage, mean and range. Results revealed that forests contributed maximum timber (136.36 m3 annum-1) followed by traditional agroforestry (69.09 m3 annum-1), community forestry (41.33 m3 annum-1) and homestead forestry (35.71 m3 annum-1). Timber extracted is mostly consumed in housing (124.66 m3 annum-1) followed by agricultural implements (82.71 m3 annum-1), furniture (35.25 m3 annum-1), carts/ carriages (17.60 m3 annum-1), fencing (10.23 m3 annum-1), cattle shed/ store house (9.10 m3 annum-1) and others (2.94 m3 annum-1). Forests were exposed to timber pressure of 136.36 m3 annum-1 (48.27%) posing ample deforestation and degradation. The strategy consisted of timber and bamboo plantations is designed which would secure 1065.60 m3 annum-1 of timber, 0.455 lakh annum-1 of bamboo culms, 568.26 tons annum-1 of bamboo leaf and agricultural products. The strategy would yield income of Rs. 34210.78 household-1 annum-1 and employment of 67.15 person-days household-1 annum-1. Financial viability of proposed interventions has been worked out by meticulous economic calculations of Net Present Value, Benefit Cost Ratio and Internal Rate of Return. The execution of strategy would eliminate the current unsustainable timber extraction, safeguard the future timber predicament and ensure environmental security.

Forest products and household economy: a case study from Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern India

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. HEGDE ◽  
T. ENTERS
Keyword(s):  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Resources ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Household Economy ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Forest Use ◽  
Traditional Communities

Traditional communities living at forest margins use forest resources in various ways. Understanding the resource-use patterns of such communities provides a basis for seeking the participation of such communities in forest conservation. The present study undertaken in the Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary and the adjoining Sigur Plateau in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, addressed the importance of forests in the household economy of indigenous communities. Its main objective was to quantify the forest dependence of local people, and assess to what extent restrictive biodiversity conservation strategies would affect their livelihoods. These questions help in understanding the stake of the people in forest conservation strategies. Economic activities of the households were investigated in eight selected villages, four of which (proximal villages) had access to reserve forest areas where collection of forest products was allowed and were also located close to markets that provided opportunities to sell forest products. The remaining four villages (distal villages) were close to the Wildlife Sanctuary where the collection of forest products was not allowed and there was no access to organized markets. A total of 132 households were surveyed. The households both in proximal and distal villages were classified into three distinct income groups namely ‘low’, ‘medium’ and ‘high’, based on their gross annual income. Use of forest resources in Mudumalai was found to be influenced by multiple factors. In terms of livelihood of the traditional communities, livestock rearing and collection of non-wood forest products (NWFPs) were very important, the latter both for cash income and subsistence use. Peripheral communities used the forest resources in a varied fashion, with NWFPs contributing differently to different income groups. Where there was no restriction on forest use, higher income groups used the resources more heavily than lower income groups, and hence would suffer most from any restriction on forest use. People's reliance on forests evidently declined with increased level both of education and of opportunities in non-forestry vocations. Forests were still very important to the household economy of the local people both in terms of food security and cash income.

scholarly journals Assessing Governance Status: Learning from Community Forest User Groups, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sameen Raut ◽  
Suraj Upadhaya ◽  
Sagar Godar Chhetri ◽  
Murari Raj Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Community Forestry ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Community Forest User Groups ◽  
Forest User

Community forestry practices have proven to be successful in forest resource conservation and utilization in Nepal. Nevertheless, inclusive decision-making processes and equitable benefit-sharing among each household pose significant challenges to the Community Forestry Users Groups (CFUGs). The four key elements of good governance: Participation, Transparency, Accountability, and Predictability, each with their four own local indicators, were employed to measure the governance status in two CFUGs: Bosan and Hattiban Mahila in Kathmandu district. We collected data through a questionnaire survey (n=95), focus group discussions, and key informant surveys. The results showed that the general status of governance in Bosan CFUG was 'Good' (43 out of a total attainable score of 64), whereas that of Hattiban Mahila CFUG was 'Medium'(32 out of a total attainable score of 64). Scores for Transparency, Accountability, and Predictability in Bosan CFUG managed by men and women alike were found to be higher than those of Hattiban Mahila CFUG, which was managed mostly by women. Both the CFUGs received the same score for good governance element: Participation. This study helps policymakers to formulate effective programs for CFUGs members to improve the governance system in such forestry user groups.

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