scholarly journals What Drives Household Deforestation Decisions? Insights from the Ecuadorian Lowland Rainforests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1131
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ojeda Luna ◽  
Paúl Eguiguren ◽  
Sven Günter ◽  
Bolier Torres ◽  
Matthias Dieter
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Timber Volume ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Central Amazon ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Volume Potential

Tropical forests, and more concretely, the Amazon Basin and the Chocó-Darién, are highly affected by deforestation activities. Households are the main land-use decision-makers and are key agents for forest conservation and deforestation. Understanding the determinants of deforestation at the household level is critical for conservation policies and sustainable development. We explore the drivers of household deforestation decisions, focusing on the quality of the forest resources (timber volume potential) and the institutional environment (conservation strategies, titling, and governmental grants). Both aspects are hypothesized to influence deforestation, but there is little empirical evidence. We address the following questions: (i) Does timber availability attract more deforestation? (ii) Do conservation strategies (incentive-based programs in the Central Amazon and protected areas in the Chocó-Darién) influence deforestation decisions in household located outside the areas under conservation? (iii) Does the absence of titling increase the odds of a household to deforest? (iv) Can governmental grants for poverty alleviation help in the fight against deforestation? We estimated a logit model, where the dependent variable reflects whether or not a household cleared forest within the farm. As predictors, we included the above variables and controlled by household-specific characteristics. This study was conducted in the Central Amazon and the Chocó-Darién of Ecuador, two major deforestation fronts in the country. We found that timber volume potential is associated with a higher odds of deforesting in the Central Amazon, but with a lower odds in the Chocó-Darién. Although conservation strategies can influence household decisions, the effects are context-dependent. Households near the incentive-based program (Central Amazon) have a lower odds of deforesting, whereas households near a protected area (Chocó-Darién) showed the opposite effect. Titling is also important for deforestation reduction; more attention is needed in the Chocó-Darién where numerous households are living in untitled lands. Finally, governmental grants for poverty alleviation showed the potential to generate positive environmental outcomes.

LBA-ECO LC-07 MONTHLY MEAN FLOODED WETLANDS HABITAT, CENTRAL AMAZON BASIN: 1979-1996

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.R. FORSBERG, ◽  
M. GASTIL, ◽  
S.K. HAMILTON, ◽  
L.L. HESS, ◽  
I.B.T. LIMA, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Central Amazon

scholarly journals Effects of light and temperature on isoprene emission at different leaf developmental stages of eschweilera coriacea in central Amazon

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Gomes Alves ◽  
Peter Harley ◽  
José Francisco de C. Gonçalves ◽  
Carlos Eduardo da Silva Moura ◽  
Kolby Jardine
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Mature Leaf ◽  
Senescent Leaf ◽  
Central Amazon ◽  
Isoprene Emission ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
Volatile Organic Compound Emissions

Isoprene emission from plants accounts for about one third of annual global volatile organic compound emissions. The largest source of isoprene for the global atmosphere is the Amazon Basin. This study aimed to identify and quantify the isoprene emission and photosynthesis at different levels of light intensity and leaf temperature, in three phenological phases (young mature leaf, old mature leaf and senescent leaf) of Eschweilera coriacea (Matamatá verdadeira), the species with the widest distribution in the central Amazon. In situ photosynthesis and isoprene emission measurements showed that young mature leaf had the highest rates at all light intensities and leaf temperatures. Additionally, it was observed that isoprene emission capacity (Es) changed considerably over different leaf ages. This suggests that aging leads to a reduction of both leaf photosynthetic activity and isoprene production and emission. The algorithm of Guenther et al. (1999) provided good fits to the data when incident light was varied, however differences among E S of all leaf ages influenced on quantic yield predicted by model. When leaf temperature was varied, algorithm prediction was not satisfactory for temperature higher than ~40 °C; this could be because our data did not show isoprene temperature optimum up to 45 °C. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis of the isoprene functional role in protecting plants from high temperatures and highlight the need to include leaf phenology effects in isoprene emission models.

Two new endemic species of Caraipa (Calophyllaceae) from the Central Amazon Basin, Amazonas State, Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
FERNANDA NUNES CABRAL ◽  
VOLKER BITTRICH ◽  
MARIA DO CARMO ESTANISLAU DO AMARAL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Central Amazon ◽  
White Sand ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Amazonas State ◽  
Fruit Surface

Two new species of Caraipa (Calophyllaceae) are described and illustrated: Caraipa glabra and C. iracemensis. Both species are known only from the municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas state, Brazil. They both occur on patches of white-sand vegetation and they are locally abundant. Caraipa glabra is a small tree and can be distinguished from other Caraipa species by the complete absence of hairs on the leaf lamina, pedicel and fruits. Caraipa iracemensis is morphologically similar to C. grandifolia and C. caespitosa, and can be distinguished by its habit, leaves and petiole size, as well as fruit surface and size.

scholarly journals Challenges of assessment and mapping of ecosystem services in Bulgarian (Rhodope) and Russian (Altai) mountain protected areas in the context of post-socialist transformations and new conservation paradigms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-68
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Chernykh ◽  
Maria Glushkova ◽  
Dmitry K. Pershin ◽  
Miglena Zhiyanski ◽  
Alina E. Zinovieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Altai Mountain ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Different Types

The overarching goal of this survey was to identify the challenges of ecosystem services assessment and mapping in Russian and Bulgarian mountain protected areas in the context of post-socialist transformations, new conservation paradigms and climate change. The Altai Mountains in Russia and the Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria were selected as key mountain territories for comparison due to their similar characteristics: agriculture, forest exploitation, tourism activities, etc. Both in Bulgaria and in Russia, perceptions of the protected areas functioning have been changing, facilitated by global shifts. Thus, the concept of ecosystem services has now been actively introduced in nature and biodiversity conservation policies. Based on WDPA data the emergence of different types of protected areas in Russia and Bulgaria was determined. Key problems of assessment and mapping of ecosystem services in Russian and Bulgarian mountain protected areas were recognised, mainly related to the shortage and quality of baseline data. At the same time, there were also some specifics for the two countries due to their size and national legislation. Like many other mountainous regions in the world, the Rhodopes in Bulgaria and the Altai Mountains in Russia are flagships in the improvement of nature conservation strategies. These regions often participate in a variety of international conservation programmes and are constantly expanding the range of protected areas. It is generally accepted that the Altai Mountains and the Rhodopes are not only centres of biodiversity richness in their countries, but also hotspots of a variety of ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Record of Cenozoic weathering episodes in central Amazon basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Ansart ◽  
Cécile Gautheron ◽  
Djamila Demri ◽  
Thierry Allard ◽  
Damien Calmels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Central Amazon

scholarly journals Post-conflict household structures and underweight: a multilevel analysis of a community-based study in northern Uganda

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 2725-2734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stine Schramm ◽  
Jannie Nielsen ◽  
Felix O Kaducu ◽  
Ceaser L Okumu ◽  
Emilio Ovuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Centre ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Gender And Age

AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between household-level characteristics and underweight in a post-conflict population.DesignNutritional status of residents in the Gulu Health and Demographic Surveillance Site was obtained during a community-based cross-sectional study, ~6 years after the civil war. Household-level factors included headship, polygamy, household size, child-to-adult ratio, child crowding, living with a stunted or overweight person, deprived area, distance to health centre and socio-economic status. Multilevel logistic regression models examined associations of household and community factors with underweight, calculating OR, corresponding 95 % CI and intraclass correlation coefficients. Effect modification by gender and age was examined by interaction terms and stratified analyses.SettingRural post-conflict area in northern Uganda.SubjectsIn total, 2799 households and 11 312 individuals were included, representing all age groups.ResultsLiving in a female-headed v. male-headed household was associated (OR; 95 % CI) with higher odds for underweight among adult men (2·18; 1·11, 4·27) and girls <5 years (1·51; 0·97, 2·34), but lower odds among adolescent women aged 13–19 years (0·46; 0·22, 0·97). Higher odds was seen for residents living in deprived areas (1·37; 0·97, 1·94), with increasing distance to health services (P-trend <0·05) and among adult men living alone v. living in an average-sized household of seven members (3·23; 1·22, 8·59). Residents living in polygamous households had lower odds for underweight (0·79; 0·65, 0·97).ConclusionsThe gender- and age-specific associations between household-level factors and underweight are likely to reflect local social capital structures. Adapting to these is crucial before implementing health and nutrition interventions.

Dissolved organic matter and terrestrial-lotic linkages in the Central Amazon Basin of Brazil

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. McClain ◽  
Jeffrey E. Richey ◽  
Jay A. Brandes ◽  
Tania P. Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Central Amazon

Low-level nocturnal wind maximum over the central Amazon basin

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Greco ◽  
Stanley Ulanski ◽  
Michael Garstang ◽  
Samuel Houston
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Wind Maximum ◽  
Central Amazon ◽  
Low Level
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