scholarly journals Challenges of Sharing REDD+ Benefits in the Amazon Region

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1012
Author(s):  
Raissa Guerra ◽  
Paulo Moutinho
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Main Challenge

The success of jurisdictional reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) initiatives is entirely dependent on how the REDD+ benefits are distributed among the stakeholders seeking to preserve the native vegetation and is considered one of the main challenges of REDD+. Among the existing benefit-sharing options, the adoption of the stock-and-flow approach to share REDD+ benefits has afforded fair jurisdictional systems in the states of Acre and Mato Grosso in the Brazilian Amazon. This innovative perspective is also the dividing line between inequitable and socially balanced jurisdictional REDD+ initiatives. However, these jurisdictions present challenges to fully implementing a robust benefit-sharing mechanism including the stock-and-flow approach and guaranteeing that resources will be accessible to the relevant beneficiaries. To better understand these challenges, we applied the Options Assessment Framework (OAF), a methodology proposed by the World Bank to evaluate the capacity to implement an effective benefit-sharing mechanism for REDD+, in Acre and Mato Grosso. The results indicated that these jurisdictions need to strengthen their conditions to guarantee the multi-faceted functionality of this mechanism and determine what aspects need more attention and where resources should be invested. Additionally, the results indicated that an equitable benefit-sharing mechanism is, by far, the main challenge faced by jurisdictions. Despite being a more evolved state in its REDD+ policies, Acre still needs to improve its institutional capacities, particularly in its local civil society organizations, to help communities access these benefits. The state of Mato Grosso, on the other hand, is still engaging in its REDD+ initiative and needs its institutional capacities to further mature to better organize its monitoring mechanisms and governance.

An Assessment Framework for Benefit Sharing Mechanisms to Reduce Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation within a Forest Policy Mix

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Yee Wong ◽  
Lasse Loft ◽  
Maria Brockhaus ◽  
Anastasia Lucy Yang ◽  
Thu Thuy Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Policy ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Policy Mix ◽  
Reduce Emissions

scholarly journals The Cost of Managing Forest Carbon under REDD+ Initiatives: A Case of Kolo Hills Forests in Kondoa District, Dodoma, Tanzania

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabura John ◽  
Dos Santos A. Silayo ◽  
Arild Vatn
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Bank Rate ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
The Cost

Countries considering participating in a REDD+ mechanism need information on what it would cost them to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. This study was conducted to estimate the cost of managing forest carbon under REDD+ initiatives in Kolo Hills Forest, Kondoa, Tanzania. Socioeconomic and biophysical information was collected through structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and forest inventory, respectively. Results show that the community participated in managing the forest by undertaking a range of activities such as tree planting, patrolling, and fire protection. The estimated total cost was USD 418,349.38 while the average cost was USD 79.06/ha. The average carbon stored was 19.75 tC ha−1, which is equivalent to 72.48 tCO2 ha−1. Costs incurred by managing the forest in relation to tCO2stored were USD 1.0485 tCO2 e−1ha−1. The project was found to be economically feasible at 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% discount rates with NPVs of USD 107,102,331.83, USD 33,986,255.86, USD 10,312,945, and USD 1,245,905.11, respectively. The internal rate of return was 21.21% which is much higher than the World Bank rate of 15.8% and the Tanzania rate of 14.8%. We therefore conclude that the decision to undertake this REDD+ project was worthwhile and should be favoured against the “do nothing” alternative.

scholarly journals Boulevard to broken dreams, Part 1: the Polonoroeste road project in the Brazilian Amazon, and the World Bank's environmental and indigenous peoples' norms

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT H. WADE
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Us Congress ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Road Project ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACT Before the mid 1980s the World Bank conceived "nature" as something to be "conquered" and "environment" as a source of resources for "development". By the late 1980s the Bank incorporated norms of environmental sustainability and indigenous peoples' protection into its mandate, and other development-oriented IOs followed. This two-part paper describes how a fight over the Polonoroeste road project in the Brazilian Amazon - inside the Bank, between the Bank and NGOs supported by the US Congress, and between the Bank and the government of Brazil -helped to generate the far-reaching change of policy norms. The first part describes how the project was designed as an innovation in sustainable development in rainforests; and how it provoked a firestorm inside the Bank as it moved towards project approval.

scholarly journals Learning from Megadisasters in Japan: Sharing Lessons with the World

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 942-946
Author(s):  
Mikio Ishiwatari ◽  
Federica Ranghieri ◽  
Kazushige Taniguchi ◽  
Satoru Mimura ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Japan International Cooperation Agency ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

The experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) can provide indispensable lessons for countries vulnerable to disasters around the world on how to strengthen their capacities to reduce disaster risks. This note assesses how the lessons from the disaster have been shared with the world by examining programs implemented by the World Bank and the Japan International Cooperation Agency. These organizations have conducted knowledge management activities, which holistically cover related sectors. The World Bank recognized that lessons from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake had been lost from the international perspective and that ones from the GEJE needed to be collected and secured. A joint project between the World Bank and the Japanese government produced the report “Learning from megadisasters: Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake,” which is widely used as a reference document for the disaster. This project shared lessons with policymakers, decisionmakers, practitioners, academia, and civil society organizations through knowledge exchange programs. The Japan International Cooperation Agency invited government practitioners and experts from developing countries to visit disaster-affected areas in the Tohoku region and learn lessons from the disaster. On the 10th anniversary of the disaster, reports on recovery experiences are being produced, including this special issue. It is expected that Japan will expand its efforts to share recovery lessons with the world.

scholarly journals On the extent of fire-induced forest degradation in Mato Grosso, Brazilian Amazon, in 2000, 2005 and 2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Miettinen ◽  
Yosio E. Shimabukuro ◽  
René Beuchle ◽  
Rosana C. Grecchi ◽  
Marcela Velasco Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
The State ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Burned Area ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Burned Areas

In this paper we analyse the extent of fire-induced forest degradation in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. We utilise a sample based approach used in a previous pan-tropical deforestation survey to derive information on land cover and burned areas in the two major biomes of Mato Grosso: Amazon and Cerrado. Land cover and burned area are mapped for three years (2000–2005–2010) over 77 sample sites (10 000 ha each) distributed systematically throughout the state which covers 90.337 Mha. Our results indicate continuing forest degradation by fires in the state and potentially increasing fire susceptibility of the Amazon forests, regardless of the decrease in deforestation. 2010 witnessed the most extensive fire-induced forest degradation (~300 000 ha) in the forests of the Amazon biome among the study years, regardless of the fact that the fire season was less severe than in 2005. Deforestation in the Amazon biome in Mato Grosso dropped from 590 000 ha year–1 in the 2000–2005 period to 190 000 ha year–1 in the second half of the decade. The findings of this study advocate the inclusion of forest fire effects into carbon accounting initiatives.

Diversity of primates and other mammals in the middle Purus basin in the Brazilian Amazon

Mammalia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-579
Author(s):  
Ricardo Sampaio ◽  
Fábio Röhe ◽  
Anthony B. Rylands
Keyword(s):  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Subsistence Hunting ◽  
The North ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Arc Of Deforestation ◽  
Amazonas State

Abstract Information on the wildlife of the middle and upper reaches of the Purus in Brazil is scarce, and this region is one of the major remaining gaps in our understanding of the distributions and population status of mammals in the Brazilian Amazon. In this paper, we present information on the diversity of mammals of the middle Purus, in the south of Amazonas State, Brazil. Based on rapid inventories in four protected areas, and line-transect censuses in one of them, we provide locality records that indicate expansions of the known range of six primate species and a squirrel. Species more frequently seen during censuses were small and mid-sized primates and rodents, while records of larger mammals, which are more sensitive to subsistence hunting, were infrequent or lacking. Deforestation in the area is relatively low, but the area is close to the so-called “arc of deforestation” that is moving north and west from the north of the state of Mato Grosso into the states of Acre and Amazonas. The middle and upper Purus basin has been little explored, but is far from pristine, and populations of most of the species that are vulnerable to forest degradation and hunting are already reduced, especially close to the major rivers.

Democratization and Small Size

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Corbett ◽  
Wouter Veenendaal
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Small States ◽  
Small State ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Informal Politics ◽  
Political Patronage ◽  
International Donors

The previous chapters challenged mainstream democratization theory by highlighting small state divergence. Chapter 7 turns to the final explanation: that small states tend to be more democratic because they are small. Contra the strong statistical correlation between country size and democracy, we challenge the age-old demographic claim that ‘small is beautiful’. Small-sized states have highly personalized politics, and therefore accusations of nepotism and political patronage are ubiquitous. Accountability is strong among families but undermined in government by weak media and civil society organizations, and by the dominance of informal politics. Inherent conflicts of interest blur clear lines of accountability. International donors, including The World Bank, classify some small states as ‘failed’ or ‘failing’. Elsewhere, citizen disaffection with the way democracy is practiced has led to further decentralization. So, small can mean democratic, but often in a markedly illiberal way.

scholarly journals The Household Enterprise Sector in Ghana: Overview and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Danny Turkson ◽  
Emmanuel A. Codjoe
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Financial Constraint ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
The World ◽  
Enterprise Survey

Household Enterprises (HEs) have not received much consideration in the enterprise literature even though they are crucial for the development of an economy. These enterprises have been the main source of livelihood for most families in the informal sector and their contribution to reduction in unemployment is pivotal to growth of developing economies. This paper explores the nature of HE sector in Ghana and the challenges they face in their daily operations. The study employed an informal enterprise survey of 729 household enterprises conducted in 2013 by the World Bank in Ghana. With the use of systematic review and descriptive analysis, the study outlined financial constraint as the main challenge faced by HEs and discussed the linkage between HEs and the financial sector in Ghana. Based on these findings recommendations were made to the major stakeholders in the sector (entrepreneurs, financial institutions and government).

scholarly journals Boulevard to broken dreams, Part 2: Implementation of the Polonoroeste road project in the Brazilian Amazon, and the World Bank's response to the gathering storm

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 646-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT H. WADE
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Environmental Ngos ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Operational Policies ◽  
The World ◽  
Road Project ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT: This is the second part of the essay on the circumstances that led the World Bank to embrace norms and operational policies for environmental and indigenous people's protection in the late 1980s, as traced through the turbulent history of the Polonoroeste road project in the Brazilian Amazon. Polonoroeste became the spearhead with which environmental NGOs made their first attack on the Bank for participating in large-scale environmental and indigenous peoples' destruction.

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