scholarly journals The Relative Importance of Succession, Stand Age and Stand Factors on Carbon Allocation of Korean Pine Forests in the Northern Mt. Xiaoxing’anling, China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Zhiwen Guo ◽  
Xin Guo ◽  
Xiangping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Understory Tree

Exploring carbon allocation pattern and its influencing factors is of great significance for estimating the carbon sequestration rate and potential of forest ecosystems. Here, we investigate all carbon pool components (including above and belowground biomass of tree, shrub and herb layers, and dead biomass and soil carbon pools) in four successional stages of broad-leaved and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.) mixed forests in Northeast China. We explore the change of allocation among carbon pools with succession and examine the relative importance of succession, stand age, and stand factors on carbon allocation pattern. Our results illustrate that above- and belowground vegetation carbon increase as maximum tree height increases. Below- to aboveground vegetation carbon ratio (R/S ratio) decreases significantly with succession and increases significantly as mean diameter at breast height (DBH) increases, but does not significantly correlate with stand age. With succession and increasing stand age, understory (shrub, herb) to tree carbon ratio (understory/tree ratio) and soil to vegetation carbon ratio (soil/vegetation ratio) decrease significantly. The joint effect of succession, stand age, and stand factors have the largest contribution on above- and belowground vegetation carbon and understory/tree ratio (26.83%, 27.93%, and 49.48% of variations explained, respectively). As for the pure effects, stand factors explain the largest proportion of variations in vegetation aboveground carbon (11.25%) and soil carbon (20.18%). Meanwhile, succession is the variable with the largest contribution to vegetation belowground carbon (12.64%), R/S ratio (21.83%), understory/tree ratio (25.84%), and soil/vegetation ratio (6.68%). Overall, these results suggest that species composition change during forest succession, instead of stand factors and stand age, is the main driver of forest vegetation carbon allocation. In contrast, stand factors play a major role in soil carbon allocation. Our findings suggest more studies to better understand the role of species composition (in addition to stand factors and age) on biomass allocation, and the influence of stand factors and litterfalls on soil carbon sequestration, which are critical to improve forest management strategies (e.g., adjustment of species composition and forest structure) to increase the future ability of forest carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals Allocation pattern and accumulation potential of carbon stock in natural spruce forests in northwest China

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Wei Yue ◽  
Jin-Hong Guan ◽  
Lei Deng ◽  
Jian-Guo Zhang ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Accumulation Potential

Background The spruce forests are dominant communities in northwest China, and play a key role in national carbon budgets. However, the patterns of carbon stock distribution and accumulation potential across stand ages are poorly documented. Methods We investigated the carbon stocks in biomass and soil in the natural spruce forests in the region by surveys on 39 plots. Biomass of tree components were estimated using allometric equations previously established based on tree height and diameter at breast height, while biomass in understory (shrub and herb) and forest floor were determined by total harvesting method. Fine root biomass was estimated by soil coring technique. Carbon stocks in various biomass components and soil (0–100 cm) were estimated by analyzing the carbon content of each component. Results The results showed that carbon stock in these forest ecosystems can be as high as 510.1 t ha−1, with an average of 449.4 t ha−1. Carbon stock ranged from 28.1 to 93.9 t ha−1 and from 0.6 to 8.7 t ha−1 with stand ages in trees and deadwoods, respectively. The proportion of shrubs, herbs, fine roots, litter and deadwoods ranged from 0.1% to 1% of the total ecosystem carbon, and was age-independent. Fine roots and deadwood which contribute to about 2% of the biomass carbon should be attached considerable weight in the investigation of natural forests. Soil carbon stock did not show a changing trend with stand age, ranging from 254.2 to 420.0 t ha−1 with an average of 358.7 t ha−1. The average value of carbon sequestration potential for these forests was estimated as 29.4 t ha−1, with the lower aged ones being the dominant contributor. The maximum carbon sequestration rate was 2.47 t ha−1 year−1 appearing in the growth stage of 37–56 years. Conclusion The carbon stock in biomass was the major contributor to the increment of carbon stock in ecosystems. Stand age is not a good predictor of soil carbon stocks and accurate evaluation of the soil carbon dynamics thus requires long-term monitoring in situ. The results not only revealed carbon stock status and dynamics in these natural forests but were helpful to understand the role of Natural Forest Protection project in forest carbon sequestration as well.

Forest management and soil respiration: Implications for carbon sequestration

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (NA) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanying Peng ◽  
Sean C. Thomas ◽  
Dalung Tian
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Forest Management Practices

It is recognized that human activities, such as fossil fuel burning, land-use change, and forest harvesting at a large scale, have resulted in the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere since the onset of the industrial revolution. The increasing amounts of greenhouse gases, particularly CO2 in the atmosphere, is believed to have induced climate change and global warming. With the ability to remove CO2 from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, forests play a critical role in the carbon cycle and carbon sequestration at both global and local scales. It is necessary to understand the relationship between forest soil carbon dynamics and carbon sequestration capacity, and the impact of forest management practices on soil CO2 efflux for sustainable carbon management in forest ecosystems. This paper reviews a number of current issues related to (1) carbon allocation, (2) soil respiration, and (3) carbon sequestration in the forest ecosystems through forest management strategies. The contribution made by forests and forest management in sequestrating carbon to reduce the CO2 concentration level in the atmosphere is now well recognized. The overall carbon cycle, carbon allocation of the above- and belowground compartments of the forests, soil carbon storage and soil respiration in forest ecosystems and impacts of forest management practices on soil respiration are described. The potential influences of forest soils on the buildup of atmospheric carbon are reviewed.

scholarly journals Patterns of Biomass and Carbon Allocation across Chronosequence of Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii) Forest in Pakistan: Inventory-Based Estimate

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir ◽  
Xiaodong Liu ◽  
Adnan Ahmad ◽  
Sajjad Saeed ◽  
Abdul Mannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Chir Pine

The quantitative relationship between carbon sequestration potential and stand ages of Pine (Pinus roxburghii) forest is not documented in Pakistan. Using field inventory data, this study underlines the patterns of biomass and carbon allocation across a chronosequence of Chir Pine forest. Based on the uniform shelterwood silvicultural management system, the forest was classified into three stand age classes representing the young stand (<50 years), mature stand (50–75 years), and overmature stand (> 75 years). The results showed an increasing trend in living tree biomass carbon with stand age. However, soil carbon showed gradually decreasing trend from young to overmature stand. Similarly, deadwood, litter, and understory biomass carbon showed an increase pattern of changes. Altogether, the results highlighted that the mean carbon values of all components varied between 90.3 t·C·ha−1 in the young stand and 309.5 t·C·ha−1 in the overmature stand. Furthermore, our results confirm that the current management operations affect the forest floor and soil carbon. Therefore, we suggest that different protection measures should be considered during management operations to enhance soil and forest floor carbon.

Sustainable Management of Soil for Carbon Sequestration

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewat Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Carbon Stabilization ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Ecosystems ◽  
C Stocks

Mechanisms governing carbon stabilization in soils have received a great deal of attention in recent years due to their relevance in the global carbon cycle. Two thirds of the global terrestrial organic C stocks in ecosystems are stored in below ground components as terrestrial carbon pools in soils. Furthermore, mean residence time of soil organic carbon pools have slowest turnover rates in terrestrial ecosystems and thus there is vast potential to sequester atmospheric CO2 in soil ecosystems. Depending upon soil management practices it can be served as source or sink for atmospheric CO2. Sustainable management systems and practices such as conservation agriculture, agroforestry and application of biochar are emerging and promising tools for soil carbon sequestration. Increasing soil carbon storage in a system simultaneously improves the soil health by increase in infiltration rate, soil biota and fertility, nutrient cycling and decrease in soil erosion process, soil compaction and C emissions. Henceforth, it is vital to scientifically explore the mechanisms governing C flux in soils which is poorly understood in different ecosystems under anthropogenic interventions making soil as a potential sink for atmospheric CO2 to mitigate climate change. Henceforth, present paper aims to review basic mechanism governing carbon stabilization in soils and new practices and technological developments in agricultural and forest sciences for C sequestration in terrestrial soil ecosystems.

scholarly journals Increased Litter Greatly Enhancing Soil Respiration in Betula platyphylla Forests of Permafrost Region, Northeast China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Hong Wei ◽  
Xiuling Man
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Litter Input ◽  
Litter Manipulation ◽  
And Control

The change of litter input can affect soil respiration (Rs) by influencing the availability of soil organic carbon and nutrients, regulating soil microenvironments, thus resulting in a profound influence on soil carbon cycle of the forest ecosystem. We conducted an aboveground litterfall manipulation experiment in different-aged Betula platyphylla forests (25-, 40- and 61-year-old) of the permafrost region, located in the northeast of China, during May to October in 2018, with each stand treated with doubling litter (litter addition, DL), litter exclusion (no-litter, NL) and control litter (CK). Our results indicated that Rs decreased under NL treatment compared with CK treatment. The effect size lessened with the increase in the stand age; the greatest reduction was found for young Betula platyphylla forest (24.46% for 25-year-old stand) and tended to stabilize with the growth of forest with the reduction of 15.65% and 15.23% for 40-and 61- year-old stands, respectively. Meanwhile, under DL treatment, Rs increased by 27.38%, 23.83% and 23.58% on 25-, 40- and 61-year-old stands, respectively. Our results also showed that the increase caused by DL treatment was larger than the reduction caused by NL treatment, leading to a priming effect, especially on 40- and 61-year-old stands. The change in litter input was the principal factor affecting the change of Rs under litter manipulation. The soil temperature was also a main factor affecting the contribution rate of litter to Rs of different-aged stands, which had a significant positive exponential correlation with Rs. This suggests that there is a significant relationship between litter and Rs, which consequently influences the soil carbon cycle in Betula platyphylla forests of the permafrost region, Northeast China. Our finding indicated the increased litter enhanced the Rs in Betula platyphylla forest, which may consequently increase the carbon emission in a warming climate in the future. It is of great importance for future forest management in the permafrost region, Northeast China.

scholarly journals Disentangling the Ecological Determinants of Species and Functional Trait Diversity in Herb-Layer Plant Communities in European Temperate Forests

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 552
Author(s):  
Janez Kermavnar ◽  
Lado Kutnar ◽  
Aleksander Marinšek
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Functional Trait ◽  
Forest Stand ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Herb Layer ◽  
Bud Bank ◽  
Tree Species Composition ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Forest herb-layer vegetation responds sensitively to environmental conditions. This paper compares drivers of both taxonomic, i.e., species richness, cover and evenness, and functional herb-layer diversity, i.e., the diversity of clonal, bud bank and leaf-height-seed plant traits. We investigated the dependence of herb-layer diversity on ecological determinants related to soil properties, climatic parameters, forest stand characteristics, and topographic and abiotic and biotic factors associated with forest floor structure. The study was conducted in different forest types in Slovenia, using vegetation and environmental data from 50 monitoring plots (400 m2 each) belonging to the ICP Forests Level I and II network. The main objective was to first identify significant ecological predictors and then quantify their relative importance. Species richness was strongly determined by forest stand characteristics, such as richness of the shrub layer, tree layer shade-casting ability as a proxy for light availability and tree species composition. It showed a clear positive relation to soil pH. Variation in herb-layer cover was also best explained by forest stand characteristics and, to a lesser extent, by structural factors such as moss cover. Species evenness was associated with tree species composition, shrub layer cover and soil pH. Various ecological determinants were decisive for the diversity of below-ground traits, i.e., clonal and bud bank traits. For these two trait groups we observed a substantial climatic signal that was completely absent for taxonomy-based measures of diversity. In contrast, above-ground leaf-height-seed (LHS) traits were driven exclusively by soil reaction and nitrogen availability. In synthesis, local stand characteristics and soil properties acted as the main controlling factors for both species and trait diversity in herb-layer communities across Slovenia, confirming many previous studies. Our findings suggest that the taxonomic and functional facets of herb-layer vegetation are mainly influenced by a similar set of ecological determinants. However, their relative importance varies among individual taxonomy- and functional trait-based diversity measures. Integrating multi-faceted approaches can provide complementary information on patterns of herb-layer diversity in European forest plant communities.

Vegetation restoration stimulates soil carbon sequestration and stabilization in a subtropical area of southern China

CATENA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 104098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Gu ◽  
Xi Fang ◽  
Wenhua Xiang ◽  
Yelin Zeng ◽  
Shiji Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Subtropical Area

Eucalyptus and Pinus stand density effects on soil carbon sequestration

2016 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 28-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Hernández ◽  
Amabelia del Pino ◽  
Eric D. Vance ◽  
Álvaro Califra ◽  
Fabián Del Giorgio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Density Effects
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