scholarly journals Patterns of Biomass and Carbon Allocation across Chronosequence of Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii) Forest in Pakistan: Inventory-Based Estimate

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir ◽  
Xiaodong Liu ◽  
Adnan Ahmad ◽  
Sajjad Saeed ◽  
Abdul Mannan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Chir Pine

The quantitative relationship between carbon sequestration potential and stand ages of Pine (Pinus roxburghii) forest is not documented in Pakistan. Using field inventory data, this study underlines the patterns of biomass and carbon allocation across a chronosequence of Chir Pine forest. Based on the uniform shelterwood silvicultural management system, the forest was classified into three stand age classes representing the young stand (<50 years), mature stand (50–75 years), and overmature stand (> 75 years). The results showed an increasing trend in living tree biomass carbon with stand age. However, soil carbon showed gradually decreasing trend from young to overmature stand. Similarly, deadwood, litter, and understory biomass carbon showed an increase pattern of changes. Altogether, the results highlighted that the mean carbon values of all components varied between 90.3 t·C·ha−1 in the young stand and 309.5 t·C·ha−1 in the overmature stand. Furthermore, our results confirm that the current management operations affect the forest floor and soil carbon. Therefore, we suggest that different protection measures should be considered during management operations to enhance soil and forest floor carbon.

scholarly journals The Relative Importance of Succession, Stand Age and Stand Factors on Carbon Allocation of Korean Pine Forests in the Northern Mt. Xiaoxing’anling, China

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 512
Author(s):  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Zhiwen Guo ◽  
Xin Guo ◽  
Xiangping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Allocation ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Korean Pine ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Vegetation Carbon ◽  
Understory Tree

Exploring carbon allocation pattern and its influencing factors is of great significance for estimating the carbon sequestration rate and potential of forest ecosystems. Here, we investigate all carbon pool components (including above and belowground biomass of tree, shrub and herb layers, and dead biomass and soil carbon pools) in four successional stages of broad-leaved and Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc.) mixed forests in Northeast China. We explore the change of allocation among carbon pools with succession and examine the relative importance of succession, stand age, and stand factors on carbon allocation pattern. Our results illustrate that above- and belowground vegetation carbon increase as maximum tree height increases. Below- to aboveground vegetation carbon ratio (R/S ratio) decreases significantly with succession and increases significantly as mean diameter at breast height (DBH) increases, but does not significantly correlate with stand age. With succession and increasing stand age, understory (shrub, herb) to tree carbon ratio (understory/tree ratio) and soil to vegetation carbon ratio (soil/vegetation ratio) decrease significantly. The joint effect of succession, stand age, and stand factors have the largest contribution on above- and belowground vegetation carbon and understory/tree ratio (26.83%, 27.93%, and 49.48% of variations explained, respectively). As for the pure effects, stand factors explain the largest proportion of variations in vegetation aboveground carbon (11.25%) and soil carbon (20.18%). Meanwhile, succession is the variable with the largest contribution to vegetation belowground carbon (12.64%), R/S ratio (21.83%), understory/tree ratio (25.84%), and soil/vegetation ratio (6.68%). Overall, these results suggest that species composition change during forest succession, instead of stand factors and stand age, is the main driver of forest vegetation carbon allocation. In contrast, stand factors play a major role in soil carbon allocation. Our findings suggest more studies to better understand the role of species composition (in addition to stand factors and age) on biomass allocation, and the influence of stand factors and litterfalls on soil carbon sequestration, which are critical to improve forest management strategies (e.g., adjustment of species composition and forest structure) to increase the future ability of forest carbon sequestration.

scholarly journals Biomass Carbon, Carbon Sequestration Potential and Soil Properties as Influence by Different Modules for Management of Chambal Ravines

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471
Author(s):  
AKHILESH SINGH ◽  
S.K. VERMA ◽  
PRIYADARSHANI A. KHAMBALKAR ◽  
SHASHI S. YADAV ◽  
SUNIL RAJPUT
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Average Biomass ◽  
Available Nutrient Status

Erosion through ravines causes many problems on bank of Chambal river in Madhya Pradesh. It damages rangelands, croplands and infra-structures. Plantation of different fruit trees (Moringa oleifera, Amblica officinalis, Psidium guaijava, Ziziphuszezuba, Punica grantum, Annonasquamosa), forest / medicinal trees (Cenchr sciliaris,Azardirechtaindica, Pongamia pinnata, Albizialebbeck, Dalbergiasisso and Acacia nilotica)) and some grasses (lemon grass, pamarosa, para and napier grass) under four management modules viz. M1-diversified cropping system, M2- Agri-horticultural, M3- Horti-pastoral, M4- Silvi-medicinal and M5- Silvi-pastoral were raised during 2012 at 3x3 m spacing. Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by the process of photosynthesis and store the carbon (C) as biomass.The highest biomass carbon wasyielded in ModuleM3, followed by M2, M5, M4 and M1, respectively. The average biomass carbon was found highest in grasses followed by fruit and forest trees. The study shows that the carbon sequestration in soil (0-15 cm) was found highest in M4 (0.45%) followed by M5 (0.44%), M1 (0.36%), M2 (0.35%) and between depth 15-25 cm the soil sequestration was highest in M1. The percent increase in soil carbon from 2012 to 2017 was highest in M1 (0-15 cm), while in depth 15-25 cm M4 showedhighest increase in soil carbon. Available nutrient status showedtremendous changes over initial value whereas available phosphorous showed decreasing trend under all modules after six years of studies.

scholarly journals Carbon Stocks in Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii) Forests on Two Different Aspects in the Mahabharat Region of Makawanpur, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Southern Aspect ◽  
Chir Pine ◽  
Total Carbon Stock

Despite the significant contribution of forests in climate change mitigation, studies to establish the potential of sub-tropical forest ecosystems at different aspects in enhancing soil health indicators are only partly known. The study was carried out to quantify vegetation and soil carbon stocks of a natural Chir Pine (Pinus roxburghii) forest at two different aspects (northern and southern) of a typical sub-tropical environment in Nepal. Stratified random sampling was used for forest inventory and soil sample collection. Aboveground forest biomass was calculated using standard allometric models. Soil was sampled up to 60 cm depth and at 20 cm intervals. Walkey and Black method was used to determine soil organic carbon. Total aboveground plant biomass carbon in southern aspect (140.20 t ha-1) was higher compared to that on the northern aspect (115.34 t ha-1). Similarly, soil carbon stock on southern aspect (46.65 t ha-1) was higher than that of northern aspect (42.14 t ha-1). This resulted to total carbon stock on southern and northern aspect of P. roxburghii forest of 186.85 t ha-1 and 157.48 t ha-1 respectively. The total carbon stock of P. roxburghii forest is significantly higher on southern aspect than on northern aspect with p value 0.001 (p<0.05). Hence, we conclude that the southern aspect of the Mahabharat range favour the growth of P. roxburghii forest compared to the northern aspect. However, the contribution of the entire Chir pine forest ecosystem to carbon sequestration and global climate warming mitigation can’t be neglected.

Influence of stand age and spatial location on throughfall chemistry beneath black spruce

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1917-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Carleton ◽  
Trudy Kavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Nutrient Deposition ◽  
Young Stand ◽  
Throughfall Chemistry

Total summer precipitation and throughfall chemistry are investigated beneath black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) in central Canada under the null hypothesis that no variation occurs with postfire stand age nor from one location on the feather moss dominated forest floor to another. Data from collectors at inner, mid, and edge radial positions beneath individual tree crowns and between neighbouring trees (gaps), within each of a 61-, 90-, and 120-year-old stand, were summed to yield a growing season total volume and the deposition of NO3−-N, NH4+-N, PO43−-P, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. Relative to incident precipitation, NO3−-N and NH4+-N showed highly significant net uptake by the canopy foliage. In contrast, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ showed net losses from the canopy throughfall. No appreciable difference in net throughfall (i.e., throughfall minus precipitation) volume and K+ deposition appeared among the stands. However, NH4+-N, NO3−-N, PO43−-P, Ca2+, and Mg2+ showed significant differences. NH4+-N and NO3−-N were less readily retained by foliage of the old stand than by that of the young stand, whereas Ca2+ and Mg2+ leached more readily from trees in the 120-year-old stand than in the other two. PO43−-P showed no net throughfall in the 61- and 120-year-old stands, whereas there were net losses from the canopy of the 90-year-old stand. This may reflect soil differences between the 90-year-old site and the other two. Significant differences in spatial location emerged for all variables measured. Net throughfall deposition of PO43−-P, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ declined from the inner to gap positions, whereas volume, NO3−-N, and NH4+-N increased. These effects were proportional to the canopy profile depth above each collector. The heterogeneity observed in nutrient deposition on the forest floor has important implications for the distribution and growth of forest floor plants, such as mosses and lichens, which seem to depend on precipitation and throughfall for their nutrient supply.

Estimation of Biomass and Soil Carbon Stock in Pinus roxburghii and Quercus leucotrichophora Forests of District Shimla, Himachal Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-298
Author(s):  
R.K. Verma ◽  
◽  
Dushyant Kumar ◽  
Shilpa . ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Oak Forests ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Stock ◽  
Soil Carbon Stock ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Chir Pine ◽  
Quercus Leucotrichophora ◽  
Organic Carbon Stock

A study was conducted to estimate the biomass and soil carbon stock in various sites of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. (Chir pine) and Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus (Ban oak) forests of district Shimla, Himachal Pradesh during the year 2015-2016. In case of chir pine forests, the amount of carbon stock in Guma site for above ground, below ground, under storey and litter was 80.05, 16.01, 3.24 and 1.55 tC/ha, respectively. Whereas, values of carbon stock at Dhami site were 192.92, 38.58, 1.71 and 1.57 tC/ha, respectively. The biomass as well as the carbon stock was higher at Dhami site than Guma site. The soil organic carbon stock (tC/ha) at 10-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm was 22.45, 19.99 and 12.36, respectively at Guma site. Whereas, these values at different depths were 23.23, 20.17 and 15.59 tC/ha, respectively for Dhami site. The value of total soil carbon stock was more (58.98 tC/ha) at Dhami site than Guma site (54.80 tC/ha) upto 45cm depth. In case of Ban oak forests, the amount of carbon stock in Taradevi site for above ground, below ground, under storey and litter was 151.27, 37.82, 3.04 and 1.52 tC/ha, respectively. Whereas, values of carbon stock at Koti site were 74.25, 18.56, 1.24 and 1.26 tC/ha, respectively. Total biomass as well as the carbon stock was higher at Taradevi site than Koti site. The soil organic carbon stock (tC/ha) at 10-15 cm, 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm was 42.07, 29.70 and 14.78, respectively at Tardevi site. Whereas, these values for three depths were 36.60 , 27.72 and 18.72 tC/ha, respectively for Koti site. The value of total soil carbon stock was more at Tardevi site (86.55 tC/ha) than Koti site (83.04 tC/ha).

Forest status under fire regime: A case study from Upper Kosi watershed in Almora district, Uttarakhand, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Deepa Bisht ◽  
◽  
Prakash Singh ◽  
Rakesh C Sundriyal ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Biogenic Carbon ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Chir Pine

The ever-increasing incidents of forest fire in the Himalayan region cause a threat to flora, fauna, livelihoods, and the environment. The Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) forests are especially susceptible to forest fires due to their resin-rich leaf litter. This study investigates forest structure, regeneration, biomass-carbon dynamics, leaf-litter, and soil physio-chemical properties in two Chir pine stands in the Upper-Kosi watershed, Almora district, Uttarakhand. Both stands exhibited lower tree density, good regeneration potential, biomass-carbon, and litter mass due to intense biotic pressure. Although, stand 2 has been subjected to oak-plantation in recent years and showed an improving status. The study revealed that Chir pine stands are subjected to fodder collection, grazing, and resin extraction, while its litter is susceptible to fire which leads to the release of a significant flux of biogenic carbon back to the atmosphere. This highlights the need to manage Chir pine stands on a priority basis. Recommendations for improving Chir pine stands with the support of village panchayats (i.e. Van panchayats) have been given.

Green Sequestration Potential of Chir Pine Forests Located in Kumaun Himalaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Harshit Pant ◽  
Ashish Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Tree Biomass ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Southern Aspect ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Chir Pine

Abstract Himalayan forests act as reservoirs of carbon due to their high percentage of forest cover. The biomass values of these forests cluster around two different levels, which dwell between higher values (approximately 400 t/ha for Shorea robusta and Quercus leucotrichophora forests) and lower values (approximately 200 t/ha) for Pinus roxburghii forests. The present study is focused on assessment of variation in tree biomass and carbon sequestration at four sites dominated by chir pine (P. roxburghii Sarg.) forests located on two different slope aspects. We calculated the tree biomass following allometric equations based upon circumference at breast height by Chaturvedi and Singh (1982). The tree biomass values ranged between 97.87 ± 9.84 t/ha and 158.97 ± 9.39 t/ha; however, tree carbon values ranged between 46.48 ± 4.67 t/ha and 74.66 ± 7.17 t/ha across the study sites. Rates of carbon sequestration ranged between 0.2 ± 0.01 t/ha/yr and 3.96 ± 1.36 t/ha/yr. The rates were higher on slopes of northern aspect in comparison with southern aspect. The results emphasize that the biomass accumulation was higher in the trees located on northern aspects and can be better managed for developing a payment for ecosystem services strategy for following up of REDD+ in the country.

scholarly journals Increased Litter Greatly Enhancing Soil Respiration in Betula platyphylla Forests of Permafrost Region, Northeast China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Hong Wei ◽  
Xiuling Man
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Litter Input ◽  
Litter Manipulation ◽  
And Control

The change of litter input can affect soil respiration (Rs) by influencing the availability of soil organic carbon and nutrients, regulating soil microenvironments, thus resulting in a profound influence on soil carbon cycle of the forest ecosystem. We conducted an aboveground litterfall manipulation experiment in different-aged Betula platyphylla forests (25-, 40- and 61-year-old) of the permafrost region, located in the northeast of China, during May to October in 2018, with each stand treated with doubling litter (litter addition, DL), litter exclusion (no-litter, NL) and control litter (CK). Our results indicated that Rs decreased under NL treatment compared with CK treatment. The effect size lessened with the increase in the stand age; the greatest reduction was found for young Betula platyphylla forest (24.46% for 25-year-old stand) and tended to stabilize with the growth of forest with the reduction of 15.65% and 15.23% for 40-and 61- year-old stands, respectively. Meanwhile, under DL treatment, Rs increased by 27.38%, 23.83% and 23.58% on 25-, 40- and 61-year-old stands, respectively. Our results also showed that the increase caused by DL treatment was larger than the reduction caused by NL treatment, leading to a priming effect, especially on 40- and 61-year-old stands. The change in litter input was the principal factor affecting the change of Rs under litter manipulation. The soil temperature was also a main factor affecting the contribution rate of litter to Rs of different-aged stands, which had a significant positive exponential correlation with Rs. This suggests that there is a significant relationship between litter and Rs, which consequently influences the soil carbon cycle in Betula platyphylla forests of the permafrost region, Northeast China. Our finding indicated the increased litter enhanced the Rs in Betula platyphylla forest, which may consequently increase the carbon emission in a warming climate in the future. It is of great importance for future forest management in the permafrost region, Northeast China.

scholarly journals Potential of Alnus acuminata based agroforestry for carbon sequestration and other ecosystem services in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanase R. Cyamweshi ◽  
Shem Kuyah ◽  
Athanase Mukuralinda ◽  
Catherine W. Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Alnus Acuminata ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Old Trees

AbstractAlnus acuminata Kunth. (alnus) is widely used in agroforestry systems across the globe and is believed to provide multiple ecosystem services; however, evidence is lacking in agroforestry literature to support the perceived benefits, particularly in Rwanda. To understand carbon sequestration potential and other benefits of alnus, a household survey, tree inventory and destructive sampling were conducted in north-western Rwanda. Over 75% of the respondents had alnus trees in their farms. The trees provide stakes for climbing beans, firewood and timber. They also improve soil fertility and control soil erosion. Farmers had between 130 and 161 alnus trees per hectare with an average height of 7.7 ± 0.59 m and diameter at breast height of 16.3 ± 1.39 cm. The largest biomass proportion was found in stems (70.5%) while branches and leaves stock about 16.5 and 13% of the total biomass, respectively. At farm level, aboveground biomass of alnus trees was estimated to be 27.2 ± 0.7 Mg ha−1 representing 13.6 Mg of carbon (C) per hectare. Biomass carbon increased with tree size, from 7.1 ± 0.2 Mg C ha−1 in 3 years old trees to 34.4 ± 2.2 Mg C ha−1 in 10 years old trees. The converse was observed with elevation; biomass carbon decreased with increasing elevation from 21.4 ± 1.29 Mg C ha−1 at low (2011–2110 m) to 9.6 ± 0.75 Mg C ha−1 in the high elevation (> 2510 m). In conclusion, alnus agroforestry significantly contributes to carbon sequestration, although the magnitude of these benefits varies with tree age and elevation. Planting alnus trees on farms can meet local needs for stakes for climbing beans, wood and soil fertility improvement, as well as the global need for regulation of climate change.

scholarly journals Effects of Grazer Exclusion on Carbon Cycling in Created Freshwater Wetlands

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Delanie M. Spangler ◽  
Anna Christina Tyler ◽  
Carmody K. McCalley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Freshwater Wetlands ◽  
Wetland Creation ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Exclusion Experiment ◽  
Herbivore Exclusion ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Wetland ecosystems play a significant role in the global carbon cycle, and yet are increasingly threatened by human development and climate change. The continued loss of intact freshwater wetlands heightens the need for effective wetland creation and restoration. However, wetland structure and function are controlled by interacting abiotic and biotic factors, complicating efforts to replace ecosystem services associated with natural wetlands and making ecologically-driven management imperative. Increasing waterfowl populations pose a threat to the development and persistence of created wetlands, largely through intensive grazing that can shift vegetation community structure or limit desired plant establishment. This study capitalized on a long-term herbivore exclusion experiment to evaluate how herbivore management impacts carbon cycling and storage in a created wetland in Western New York, USA. Vegetation, above- and belowground biomass, soil carbon, carbon gas fluxes and decomposition rates were evaluated in control plots with free access by large grazers and in plots where grazers had been excluded for four years. Waterfowl were the dominant herbivore at the site. Grazing reduced peak growing season aboveground biomass by over 55%, and during the summer, gross primary productivity doubled in grazer exclusion plots. The shift in plant productivity led to a 34% increase in soil carbon after exclusion of grazers for five growing seasons, but no change in belowground biomass. Our results suggest that grazers may inhibit the development of soil carbon pools during the first decade following wetland creation, reducing the carbon sequestration potential and precluding functional equivalence with natural wetlands.

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