scholarly journals Influence of Leaf Physical Properties on Single-Leaf Vibrational Response to Sound

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Mengmeng Li ◽  
Jian Kang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Vibrational Amplitude ◽  
Sound Stimulation ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Wide Range

Plant leaves respond to environmental sounds by vibration. This study aimed to examine such responses by evaluating the influences of physical properties on vibrational amplitude, velocity and frequency before and during sound stimulation. Nine plant species with a wide range of leaf sizes, qualities and thicknesses and petiole lengths, widths and thicknesses were selected. In the absence of external sound, the leaf amplitude was ~1 μm, the vibrational velocity was ~0.05 mm s-1 and the vibrational frequency was ~0–15 Hz. After sound stimulation, however, the amplitude increased by 1–5.4×, the velocity was 1.75–14.1× higher and produced another spectral peak at ~80–95 Hz. Nevertheless, the amplitude and velocity varied by up to 1–10× among species mainly because of differences in leaf texture. However, these factors did not markedly change in succulent leaves because their thick epidermal cuticles and high water content buffered vibrations. In contrast, leathery leaves and papery and membranous leaves were highly responsive to sound stimuli. Leaf size, mass and thickness and petiole length, width and thickness also influenced leaf vibration. There is a positive correlation between noise reduction and leaf velocity. Noise reduction effect increases with the increase in leaf velocity until about 0.6 mm s−1 and then decreases. The relationship between leaf physical properties and leaf vibration may be used to study sound response and noise reduction in different plant species.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF PLANTS OF THE GENUS Fragaria UNDER CONDITIONS OF WATER DEFICIT – A STUDY REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Marta Rokosa ◽  
Małgorzata Mikiciuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
High Water ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Response To Water

The genus Fragaria belongs to the Rosaceae family. The most popular representatives of this species are the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.), whose taste and health benefits are appreciated by a huge number of consumers. The cultivation of Fragaria plants is widespread around the world, with particular emphasis on the temperate climate zone. Increasingly occurring weather anomalies, including drought phenomena, cause immense losses in crop cultivation. The Fragaria plant species are very sensitive to drought, due to the shallow root system, large leaf area and the high water content of the fruit. There have been many studies on the influence of water deficit on the morphological, biochemical and physiological features of strawberries and wild strawberries. There is a lack of research summarizing the current state of knowledge regarding of specific species response to water stress. The aim of this study was to combine and compare data from many research carried out and indicate the direction of future research aimed at improving the resistance of Fragaria plants species to stress related to drought. These plants show patterns of response to stress caused by drought, such as: osmotic adjustment, reduction of transpiration and photosynthesis, and increased efficiency of water use. Drought also causes significant changes in the composition and palatability of the fruit of the Fragaria plant species.

scholarly journals Interactions among temperature, moisture, and oxygen concentrations in controlling decomposition rates in a boreal forest soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 703-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Sierra ◽  
Saadatullah Malghani ◽  
Henry W. Loescher
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Abstract. Determining environmental controls on soil organic matter decomposition is of importance for developing models that predict the effects of environmental change on global soil carbon stocks. There is uncertainty about the environmental controls on decomposition rates at temperature and moisture extremes, particularly at high water content levels and high temperatures. It is uncertain whether observed declines in decomposition rates at high temperatures are due to declines in the heat capacity of extracellular enzymes as predicted by thermodynamic theory, or due to simultaneous declines in soil moisture. It is also uncertain whether oxygen limits decomposition rates at high water contents. Here we present the results of a full factorial experiment using organic soils from a boreal forest incubated at high temperatures (25 and 35 °C), a wide range of water-filled pore space (WFPS; 15, 30, 60, 90 %), and contrasting oxygen concentrations (1 and 20 %). We found support for the hypothesis that decomposition rates are high at high temperatures, provided that enough moisture and oxygen are available for decomposition. Furthermore, we found that decomposition rates are mostly limited by oxygen concentrations at high moisture levels; even at 90 % WFPS, decomposition proceeded at high rates in the presence of oxygen. Our results suggest an important degree of interaction among temperature, moisture, and oxygen in determining decomposition rates at the soil core scale.

Additional Article Notification: Rational design and applications of conducting polymer hydrogels as electrochemical biosensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (25) ◽  
pp. 5111-5121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan Li ◽  
Ye Shi ◽  
Lijia Pan ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Guihua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Polymer Hydrogels ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are conducting polymer-based materials that contain high water content and have physical properties, resembling the extracellular environment.

scholarly journals Formulation and Study of an Environmentally Friendly Microemulsion-Based Drilling Fluid (O/W) with Pine Oil

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7981
Author(s):  
Roxana P. F. de Sousa ◽  
Glauco S. Braga ◽  
Raphael R. da Silva ◽  
Giovanna L. R. Leal ◽  
Júlio C. O. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Biodegradable Surfactant

This work has developed and evaluated a microemulsion-based drilling fluid formulation with characteristics to be applied in oil wells. The microemulsion was formulated with a solution of water/glycerol, pine oil, and Tween 80, a nonionic and biodegradable surfactant. The physical and chemical properties of the drilling fluid obtained in this work were investigated through rheology and filtration analysis, solids content, aging, lubricity, toxicity, and thermal degradation. A non-toxic microemulsion-based drilling fluid oil-in-water (O/W) with high lubricity (0.07638) and thermal stability was obtained with suitable viscosity, gel strength and low fluid loss (4.0 mL), low solids content (6%), stability in a wide range of salinity conditions, and the possibility of high water content (above 85% in mass fraction). The fluid presented a pseudoplastic behavior, and statistically significant Herschel–Bulkley parameters were obtained.

Seasonal changes in the diet of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from three different Mediterranean habitats in south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary R. Martin ◽  
Laurie E. Twigg ◽  
Lina Zampichelli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
High Water ◽  
European Rabbit ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Remnant Vegetation

Abstract.�Seasonal changes in the diet of rabbits from three temperate (Mediterranean) areas in south-western Australia were identified using microscopic determination of the percentage occurrence of various food groups in sampled stomachs. The sites differed in soil type and in the availability of summer perennials, native vegetation bush remnants (size of, and number of plant species), improved pastures, and summer rainfall, and hence, enabled a comparison of the diet of rabbits from the different vegetation communities. Although the diet of these rabbits was quite flexible, with some switching in food items occurring between seasons, there were marked differences in the proportion of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species eaten in each habitat. There was a strong reliance on seeds (1-5 species) during late spring and summer in all three habitats. Guildford grass (Romulea rosea) leaf and corms were a major component of the diet in the two habitats where this species was common. Further, as a result of the summer die-off of pasture species, there was a shift in where rabbits sourced food items during winter and summer. Pasture species were eaten during winter, but rabbits fed mainly on those dicotyledons found only in the surrounding scrub during summer. This suggests that rabbits may impact negatively upon such remnant vegetation at this time. Rabbits in all three habitats consumed several plant species with high water content (>54%) during summer, presumably to help maintain their water balance. Rabbits also consumed the seeds and foliage of several weed/nuisance species in each habitat, but any role of rabbits in weed dispersal was not determined.

scholarly journals Designing robust chitosan-based hydrogels for stem cell nesting under oxidative stress

Bioimpacts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Olfat Noubari ◽  
Asal Golchin ◽  
Marziyeh Fathi ◽  
Ailar Nakhlband
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Porous Structure ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Dapi Staining ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Hydrogels are unique candidates for a wide range of biomedical applications including drug delivery and tissue engineering. The present investigation was designed to consider the impact of chitosan-based hydrogels as a scaffold on the proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) besides neutralization of oxidative stress in hBM-MSCs. Methods: Chitosan (CS) and CS-gelatin hydrogels were fabricated through ionic crosslinking using β-glycerophosphate. The hBM-MSCs were cultured on the prepared matrices and their proliferation was evaluated using DAPI staining and MTT assay. Furthermore, the effect of hydrogels on oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the expression of NQO1, Nrf2, and HO-1 genes using real-time PCR. Results: The developed hydrogels indicated a porous structure with high water content. The toxicity studies showed that the prepared hydrogels have a high biocompatibility/cytocompatibility. The expression of intracellular antioxidant genes was studied to ensure that stress is not imposed by the scaffold on the nested cells. The results showed that Nrf2 as a super transcription factor of antioxidant genes and its downstream antioxidant gene, NQO1 were downregulated. Unexpectedly, the upregulation of HO-1 was detected in the current study. Conclusion: The prepared CS-based hydrogels with desired properties including porous structure, high swelling ability, and cytocompatibility did not show oxidative stress for the nesting of stem cells. Therefore, they could be attractive scaffolds to support stem cells for successful tissue engineering purposes.

scholarly journals Interactions among temperature, moisture, and oxygen concentrations in controlling decomposition rates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Sierra ◽  
Saadatullah Malghani ◽  
Henry W. Loescher
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Soil Core ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Oxygen Concentrations

Abstract. Determining environmental controls on soil organic matter decomposition is of importance for developing models that predict the effects of environmental change on global soil carbon stocks. There is uncertainty about the environmental controls on decomposition rates at temperature and moisture extremes, particularly at high water content levels and high temperatures. It is uncertain whether observed declines of decomposition rates at high temperatures are due to declines in the heat capacity of extracellular enzymes as predicted by thermodynamic theory, or due to simultaneous declines in soil moisture. It is also uncertain whether oxygen limits decomposition rates at high water contents. Here we present results from a full factorial experiment using organic arctic soils incubated at high temperatures (25 and 35 degrees C), a wide range of water-filled pore space WFPS (15, 30, 60, 90 %), and contrasting oxygen concentrations (1 and 20 %). We found support for the hypothesis that decomposition rates increase at high temperatures provided enough moisture and oxygen is available for decomposition. Furthermore, we found that decomposition rate is mostly limited by oxygen concentrations at high moisture levels; even at 90 % WFPS, decomposition proceeded at high rates in the presence of oxygen. Our results suggest an important degree of interactions among temperature, moisture, and oxygen in determining decomposition rates at the soil-core scale.

scholarly journals Optimalization of multiresidue method for the determination of pesticide residues in fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-238
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Detector Response ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Comprehensive Determination ◽  
Selective Detectors ◽  
Active Substances

The main aim of this study was to optimize the QuEChERS methodology for the comprehensive determination of pesticide residues using a simple and inexpensive gas chromatography equipped with selective detectors working simultaneously (GC-ECD/NPD). The method was validated in accordance with the SANTE/11945/2015 guidelines. Representative fruit matrices were chosen from the commodities group with high water content (apples), and with high acidity and high water content (strawberry) for a 160 compounds in the range of 0.005−0.02 mg/kg. The accuracy of the method was as required (recovery: 70–120%, precision: below 20%) for 135 active substances in apples samples and 137 in strawberries samples. The main advantages of the methodology include: good detector response linearity (R2 above 0.995), low limits of detection (0.005 mg/kg for more than 20 compounds, 0.01 mg/kg for about 120 compounds), possibility of simultaneous determination of a wide range of compounds (including some “difficult” ones) without use of a single residue methods. The simultaneous use of two selective detectors allows to obtain more data during a single dose of the sample and confirmation of the result for most compounds, which allows to prevent false positives ones.

Rational design and applications of conducting polymer hydrogels as electrochemical biosensors

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (15) ◽  
pp. 2920-2930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanlan Li ◽  
Ye Shi ◽  
Lijia Pan ◽  
Yi Shi ◽  
Guihua Yu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Conducting Polymer ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensors ◽  
Polymer Hydrogels ◽  
Extracellular Environment

Conducting polymer hydrogels (CPHs) are conducting polymer-based materials that contain high water content and have physical properties, resembling the extracellular environment.

Fluorescence sensors for detection of water based on tetraphenylethene–anthracene possessing both solvatofluorochromic properties and aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 4164-4173
Author(s):  
Yuta Mise ◽  
Keiichi Imato ◽  
Takashi Ogi ◽  
Nao Tsunoji ◽  
Yousuke Ooyama
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
High Water ◽  
Fluorescence Sensor ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Fluorescence Sensors ◽  
Aggregation Induced Emission ◽  
Emission Enhancement ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Based

TPE-(An-CHO)4 has been developed as an SFC (solvatofluorochromism)/AIEE (aggregation-induced emission enhancement)-based fluorescence sensor for detection of water over a wide range from low to high water content regions in solvents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document