scholarly journals Non-Destructive Assessment of Wood Stiffness in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its Use in Forest Tree Improvement

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Fundova ◽  
Tomas Funda ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Using Data

Wood stiffness is an important wood mechanical property that predetermines the suitability of sawn timber for construction purposes. Negative genetic correlations between wood stiffness and growth traits have, however, been reported for many conifer species including Scots pine. It is, therefore, important that breeding programs consider wood stiffness and growth traits simultaneously. The study aims to (1) evaluate different approaches of calculating the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE, non-destructively assessed stiffness) using data from X-ray analysis (SilviScan) as a benchmark, (2) estimate genetic parameters, and (3) apply index selection. In total, we non-destructively measured 622 standing trees from 175 full-sib families for acoustic velocity (VEL) using Hitman and for wood density (DEN) using Resistograph and Pilodyn. We combined VEL with different wood densities, raw (DENRES) and adjusted (DENRES.TB) Resistograph density, Pilodyn density measured with (DENPIL) and without bark (DENPIL.B), constant of 1000 kg·m−3 (DENCONST), and SilviScan density (DENSILV), to calculate MOEs and compare them with the benchmark SilviScan MOE (MOESILV). We also derived Smith–Hazel indices for simultaneous improvement of stem diameter (DBH) and wood stiffness. The highest additive genetic and phenotypic correlations of the benchmark MOESILV with the alternative MOE measures (tested) were attained by MOEDENSILV (0.95 and 0.75, respectively) and were closely followed by MOEDENRES.TB (0.91 and 0.70, respectively) and MOEDENCONST and VEL (0.91 and 0.65, respectively for both). Correlations with MOEDENPIL, MOEDENPIL.B, and MOEDENRES were lower. Narrow-sense heritabilities were moderate, ranging from 0.39 (MOESILV) to 0.46 (MOEDENSILV). All indices revealed an opportunity for joint improvement of DBH and MOE. Conclusions: MOEDENRES.TB appears to be the most efficient approach for indirect selection for wood stiffness in Scots pine, although VEL alone and MOEDENCONST have provided very good results too. An index combining DBH and MOEDENRES.TB seems to offer the best compromise for simultaneous improvement of growth, fiber, and wood quality traits.

Effect of thinning on relationships between three measures of wood stiffness in Pinus radiata: standing trees vs. logs vs. short clear specimens

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 2870-2879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Raymond ◽  
Bill Joe ◽  
Dean W. Anderson ◽  
Duncan J. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Standing Tree ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of thinning on the relationship of wood quality traits measured on standing trees (dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE) and outerwood density) and traits measured on logs or short clear specimens was determined using data collected from radiata pine ( Pinus radiata D. Don) trees growing in 22 unthinned and 16 thinned plots of harvest age trees in New South Wales, Australia. Stiffness showed a linear decrease along the stem. Trees growing on thinned sites were, on average, 3% lower in stiffness at each height in the stem. MOE measured on short clear specimens was moderately related to standing tree MOE (R2 = 0.62) and outerwood density (R2 = 0.56) but less well related to MOE of the adjacent log (R2 = 0.30). Standing tree MOE was a better predictor of whole stem MOE for the thinned sites (R2 = 0.60) than for the unthinned sites (R2 = 0.31). Stiffness and density appear to follow different patterns of variation and results for density may not be extrapolated to stiffness. Outerwood density was a very poor predictor of mean whole stem stiffness (R2 = 0.14). Overall, the acoustic tool, TreeTap, was a better predictor of whole stem stiffness than outerwood density, particularly for the thinned sites.

Genetic correlations for reproductive and growth traits in rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rym Ezzeroug ◽  
Rafik Belabbas ◽  
Maria José Argente ◽  
Ali Berbar ◽  
Samir Diss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
High Coefficient ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Large Coefficient ◽  
Size At Birth

The objective of this study was to obtain heritability estimates for reproductive (litter size at birth, number born alive, litter size at weaning) and growth traits (individual weaning weight, individual weight at the end of the fattening period), then determine the genetic correlation between them in a synthetic rabbit line. A total of 805 females, 3242 parities, and 18 472 growth records were measured from 2006 to 2017. A pentavariate animal model was used with reproductive and growth traits. Heritability ranged from 0.025 to 0.126 for reproductive traits and from 0.033 to 0.059 for growth traits. These traits showed a large coefficient of variation (from 32% to 56% for reproductive traits and from 21% to 28% for growth traits). The repeatability of reproductive traits was low and the common litter effect for growth traits was the most important component of total variance. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between reproductive and growth traits were high and negative, especially with weight at weaning (−0.848, −0.922, and −0.854 for litter size at birth, number born alive, and litter size at weaning, respectively). In conclusion, because of the high negative correlation between reproductive and growth traits, both reproductive and growth traits should be selected in independent lines and the response to selection should be due mainly to the high coefficient of variation of the traits.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF FIXED FACTORS AND ESTIMATION OF GENETIC PARAMETERS OF GROWTH TRAITS FOR MOUNTAIN KIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermiz & Baper
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Method ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations

Body weights at birth (469), weaning (394) and at six month of age (358) for kids utilized in this study were raised at private project in Duhok governorate, Iraq during two kidding season (2016-2017) and (2017-2018). GLM within SAS programme was used to analyze the data which include the fixed effects (age of doe, year and season of kidding, sex of kid and type of birth, regression on doe weight at kidding, and the regression of later weights of kids on earlier weights) influencing the studied traits. Restricted Maximum Likelihood Method was used to estimate repeatability, heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations after adjusting the records for fixed effects. Variance components of random effects were tested for positive definite. Overall mean of weights at birth (BWT), weaning (WWT) and 6 month of age (WT6M) were 2.92, 15.32 and 24.45 kg, respectively. Differences among groups of age of doe in all studied traits were not significant, while year of kidding and sex of kid affect all traits significantly (p<0.01). Season of kidding affect BWT and WWT significantly (P<0.01). Single born kids were heavier (P<0.01) than twins in BWT only. Regression of BWT on doe weight at kidding (0.033 kg/kg) was significant (P<0.01), while the regressions of WWT and WT6M were not significant. The regression coefficients of WWT on BWT (1.906 kg/kg) and of WT6M on WWT (0.835 kg/kg) were highly significant (P<0.01). Repeatability estimates for BWT, WWT and WT6M were 0.47, 0.45 and 0.35, respectively; on the same order the estimates of heritability were 0.41, 0.61 and 0.79. Genetic correlations between BWT with each of WWT (0.45) and WT6M (0.55), and between WWT and WT6M (0.68) were highly significant. All phenotypic correlations between each pair of body weights were higher than genetic correlations and ranged between 0.48 and 0.73.

scholarly journals Application of growth traits and qualitative indices for selection of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris l.) elite trees. A case study from Volyn region, western ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
Vasyl Voitiuk ◽  
Valentyna Andreieva ◽  
Oleksandr Kychyliuk ◽  
Anatolii Hetmanchuk ◽  
Marcin Klisz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Progeny Test ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Elite Trees

AbstractSince the plus trees are selected based on phenotype, it is necessary to evaluate them in progeny test. The aim of this study is an indication of selecting elite mother trees based on the results from half-sib progeny test trials. As study sites, two Scots pine half-sib progeny tests were selected. During evaluation, the progenies had reached the age of 38 and 40 years, respectively. In both progeny trials, quantitative parameters and qualitative traits of Scots pine half-sib progenies were investigated. Based on these data, complex evaluation of half-sib families was carried out. We concluded that, Scots pine progenies at the age of 38 and 40 years in fresh and moist mixed forests are characterised by acceptable quality, with the survival being 25%–33% per progeny test trial. Based on a complex evaluation of 38- and 40-year-old half-sib progenies of plus trees, we proposed to select 31% of tested plus/mother trees as candidates for elite trees. Further, the list of candidates for elite trees was created with five plus trees from the Volyn region (26% of the total tested from the region) and four plus trees from the Lviv region (40% of the total tested from the region). With age, the share of the best and undesirable trees decreases, while the proportion of intermediate trees increases in both control trees and half-sib progenies. At the age of 38 and 40 years, the proportion of fast-growing offspring was from 0% to 36%, while the declining trend that was observed in previous years was being continued. Thus, due to the declining trend in the proportion of fast-growing offspring observed at the age of 38 and 40 years, we propose to select candidate trees for an elite group not early than after 40 years of test their progenies.

Genetic parameter estimates for wood stiffness, strength, internal checking, and resin bleeding for radiata pine

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2601-2610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Acoustic Measures ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Standing Trees

Data from two separate experiments were used to estimate genetic parameters for different wood properties of Pinus radiata D. Don in New Zealand. In experiment 1, 72 and 60 open-pollinated families were sampled at two sites, Kinleith and Paengaroa, respectively. Fifty-nine such families were common to both sites. In experiment 2, 62 and 29 pollen-parent families were sampled from a female-tester trial at two sites, Kaingaroa and Warrengong (the latter in Australia), respectively. Twenty-nine such families were common to both sites. Clearwood stiffness (MOE) and strength (MOR), wood density (DEN), acoustic stiffness on standing trees (IMLH), acoustic stiffness in 5-m logs (HITMAN), external resin bleeding (ERB), internal checking from discs taken at 1.3-m and 3.0-m height (CHEK_B and CHEK_U), and diameter at breast height (DBH) were assessed. Within-site narrow-sense heritability (h2) estimates of various wood properties were consistent, particularly within New Zealand. Across-sites estimates of h2 of HITMAN, CHEK_B, and DEN were, respectively, 0.24, 0.40, and 0.62 in experiment 1 and 0.21, 0.16, and 0.38 in experiment 2. Estimated type B genetic correlations were generally high for all traits except DBH. DEN showed strong positive genetic correlation with all direct and acoustic measures of stiffness (MOE, HITMAN, and IMLH). DEN and all measures of stiffness showed low to moderate negative genetic correlations with DBH.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation in the Microfibril Angle of Loblolly Pine From Two Test Sites

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Myszewski ◽  
Floyd E. Bridgwater ◽  
William J. Lowe ◽  
Thomas D. Byram ◽  
Robert A. Megraw
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Individual Tree

Abstract In recent years, several studies have examined the effect of microfibril angle (MFA) on wood quality. However, little research has been conducted upon the genetic mechanisms controlling MFA. In this study, we examined the heritability of MFA in loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L.,and its genetic relationships with height, diameter, volume, and specific gravity. Increment cores were collected at breast height from 20 to 25 progeny from each of 12 to 17 crosses (among 11 parents) in two modified partial-diallels in different locations in southern Arkansas. Specific gravitywas measured on segments containing rings 1 through 5 and on segments containing rings 6 through 20. MFA was measured on the earlywood and latewood sections of rings 4, 5, 19, and 20. Rings 4 and 5 were chosen as representative of core wood and rings 19 and 20 as representative of outer wood. Analyses of variance revealed statistically significant genetic and environmental influences on MFA. Significant general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and SCA × block effects indicated that there are both additive and nonadditive genetic influences on MFA. Individual-tree, narrow-sense heritability estimates were variable, ranging from 0.17 for earlywood (ring) 4 MFA to 0.51 for earlywood (ring) 20 MFA. Genetic correlations between MFA, specific gravity, and the growth traits were nonsignificant due to large estimated standard errors. South.J. Appl. For. 28(4):196–204.

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of early field growth of loblolly pine clones and seedlings from the same full-sib families

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S Baltunis ◽  
Dudley A Huber ◽  
Timothy L White ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Henry E Stelzer
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Clonal Population ◽  
Sib Families

Field trials established with clones and seedlings from the same families provide an opportunity for comparing full-sib family performance across propagule types. More than 1200 different clones together with over 14 000 zygotic seedlings from the same 61 full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were tested on multiple sites across Florida and Georgia. The genetic variance associated with several early growth traits partitioned differently depending on propagule type. Most of the genetic variance associated with growth in the clonal population was additive, while the estimate of dominance in the seedling population was greater than estimates of dominance in the clonal population, based on single-site analyses. Apparently, a lack of randomization of the seedlings prior to field establishment caused full-sib families to appear more different, inflating estimates of dominance genetic variance. Parental and full-sib family ranks were stable regardless of propagule type as indicated by type B genetic correlations. In the clonal population, little genotype × environment interaction was observed across sites at the parental, family, and clonal levels for all traits. The high genetic correlations between propagule types provide further assurance that selections made through traditional tree-improvement activities for recurrent selection for general combining ability in seedling trials can also be used successfully for breeding families to test in a clonal forestry program.

Estimates of genetic and phenotypic parameters for growth traits of D'Man lambs

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Boujenane ◽  
M. Kerfal
Keyword(s):  
High Weight ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Heritability Estimates

ABSTRACTThe heritability of growth traits from birth to 6 months of age and the genetic and phenotypic correlations among them were determined from paternal half-sib analyses of 1689 records of D'man lambs. Heritability estimates were 0·34 (s.e. 0·08), 0·23 (s.e. 0·06), 0·52 (s.e. 0·10) and 0·43 (s.e. 0·09) for weights at birth, 30 days, 90 days and 180 days, respectively. Heritabilities for average daily gains from birth to 30 days and from 30 to 90 days were estimated to be 0·12 (s.e. 0·05) and 0·56 (s.e. 0·11), respectively. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among growth traits were all positive and of high magnitude. The former estimates varied from 0·66 to 0·98, the latter estimates ranged from 0·23 to 0·92. Selection for high weight at 90 days would be expected to have large effect on other growth traits as a result of their large positive genetic correlations.

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