scholarly journals Genetic analysis of early field growth of loblolly pine clones and seedlings from the same full-sib families

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S Baltunis ◽  
Dudley A Huber ◽  
Timothy L White ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Henry E Stelzer
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Clonal Population ◽  
Sib Families

Field trials established with clones and seedlings from the same families provide an opportunity for comparing full-sib family performance across propagule types. More than 1200 different clones together with over 14 000 zygotic seedlings from the same 61 full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were tested on multiple sites across Florida and Georgia. The genetic variance associated with several early growth traits partitioned differently depending on propagule type. Most of the genetic variance associated with growth in the clonal population was additive, while the estimate of dominance in the seedling population was greater than estimates of dominance in the clonal population, based on single-site analyses. Apparently, a lack of randomization of the seedlings prior to field establishment caused full-sib families to appear more different, inflating estimates of dominance genetic variance. Parental and full-sib family ranks were stable regardless of propagule type as indicated by type B genetic correlations. In the clonal population, little genotype × environment interaction was observed across sites at the parental, family, and clonal levels for all traits. The high genetic correlations between propagule types provide further assurance that selections made through traditional tree-improvement activities for recurrent selection for general combining ability in seedling trials can also be used successfully for breeding families to test in a clonal forestry program.

Accelerated short-term genetic testing for loblolly pine families

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Short Term Test ◽  
Extreme Performance

The following experiment was done to test the hypothesis that acceleration of seedling growth increases the juvenile–mature correlation for growth. Growth traits of 18 open-pollinated loblolly pine (Pinustaeda) familes were compared across (i) field trials measured 8 years after planting (mature age), (ii) a short-term test environment with a supplemental incandescent light source (20-h photoperiod) and a higher fertilizer level, and (iii) a short-term test environment with no supplemental day length and a lower fertilizer level. The ranking of two seedlots of known, extreme performance and the juvenile–mature correlations were used as the criteria of early testing success. Juvenile–mature (family mean) correlations were low (r = 0.13) for the growth-accelerating environment relative to the natural day length environment (r = 0.59) and two check seedlots ranked correctly only in the natural day length environment. The genetic correlations between the short-term tests are high for total height [Formula: see text] but lower for height produced after first budset, the trait that has shown value as a juvenile indicator [Formula: see text] The growth-accelerating treatment increases growth per unit time but prompts abnormal shoot development. The nonaccelerating treatment with no supplemental light offered the most promise for genetic testing of 1st-year loblolly pine seedlings.

scholarly journals Predicted genetic gains and testing efficiency from two loblolly pine clonal trials

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1754-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikret Isik ◽  
Barry Goldfarb ◽  
Anthony LeBude ◽  
Bailian Li ◽  
Steve McKeand
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Clonal Forestry ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Genetic Gains ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Volume Yield ◽  
Sib Families

Clonal field trials were established at two sites using rooted cuttings from 450 clones of eight full-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Height, survival, fusiform rust infection (caused by Cronartium quercuum (Berk) Miyabe ex Shirai f.sp. fusiforme), bole straightness, and diameter were measured after four growing seasons. There were significant differences among full-sib families and among clones within families for all traits studied. Moderately high within-family repeatabilities of clone means (0.50 to 0.75) for growth traits and a very high within-family repeatability of clone means (0.94) for fusiform rust infection were estimated. When the best eight clones were selected regardless of family structure, the volume yield was 52% greater than that of the unimproved seedlings at two sites. Selection of the best two clones from each of four families produced only slightly lower estimated genetic gains than the above scenario. The probability of fusiform rust infection ranged from 0.08 to 0.93 among clones at the South Carolina site. Predicted genetic gain for rust resistance was relatively insensitive to selection intensity, as there were numerous clones with high apparent resistance. The number of ramets per clone necessary to reliably characterize performance on one site was estimated to be between four and six. These results contribute to estimates of the gains available from clonal forestry and will help guide clonal testing and selection programs. Implementation of clonal forestry and cost issues are discussed.

Genetic parameters and gains for growth and wood properties in Florida source loblolly pine in the southeastern United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A Atwood ◽  
Timothy L White ◽  
Dudley A Huber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction

One hundred and thirteen open-pollinated families from Florida source loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were tested in four states in the southeastern United States. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were estimated for volume, specific gravity, and latewood percentage at three different growth stages: juvenile (ages 0–10 years), mature (11–17 years), and total (0–17 years). Heritabilities of growth traits (0.09–0.11) were consistently lower than for wood property traits (0.16–0.33). Growth traits for Florida loblolly exhibited high genotype × environment interaction (rB = 0.44), whereas wood properties did not (rB = 0.90). The higher heritabilities and genetic stability across environments make wood properties amenable to genetic manipulation through breeding programs. In contrast, the high genotype × environment interaction of growth traits for Florida loblolly pine requires more research to understand the possible implication of these effects on breeding programs. Trait–trait and age–age genetic correlations were determined for growth and wood properties. Strong positive age–age correlations were present for latewood percentage, volume, and specific gravity. Weak negative trait–trait genetic correlations existed between specific gravity and volume across ages (–0.13 to –0.43). No genetic correlation existed between latewood percentage and volume, while a moderate favorable genetic correlation existed between latewood percentage and specific gravity (0.47 to 0.59). Genetic gains in volume and specific gravity were compared for various types of selection. In one type, forward selection of the top 20 individuals (of 3484) based on 17-year volume, resulted in a 20.5% genetic gain in volume; however, a concomitant loss of –6.4% also occurred in specific gravity. If a selection index was used to hold specific gravity constant, a gain in total volume of 14% was obtained.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Assessment of Wood Stiffness in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and its Use in Forest Tree Improvement

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Fundova ◽  
Tomas Funda ◽  
Harry X. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Wood Stiffness ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Using Data

Wood stiffness is an important wood mechanical property that predetermines the suitability of sawn timber for construction purposes. Negative genetic correlations between wood stiffness and growth traits have, however, been reported for many conifer species including Scots pine. It is, therefore, important that breeding programs consider wood stiffness and growth traits simultaneously. The study aims to (1) evaluate different approaches of calculating the dynamic modulus of elasticity (MOE, non-destructively assessed stiffness) using data from X-ray analysis (SilviScan) as a benchmark, (2) estimate genetic parameters, and (3) apply index selection. In total, we non-destructively measured 622 standing trees from 175 full-sib families for acoustic velocity (VEL) using Hitman and for wood density (DEN) using Resistograph and Pilodyn. We combined VEL with different wood densities, raw (DENRES) and adjusted (DENRES.TB) Resistograph density, Pilodyn density measured with (DENPIL) and without bark (DENPIL.B), constant of 1000 kg·m−3 (DENCONST), and SilviScan density (DENSILV), to calculate MOEs and compare them with the benchmark SilviScan MOE (MOESILV). We also derived Smith–Hazel indices for simultaneous improvement of stem diameter (DBH) and wood stiffness. The highest additive genetic and phenotypic correlations of the benchmark MOESILV with the alternative MOE measures (tested) were attained by MOEDENSILV (0.95 and 0.75, respectively) and were closely followed by MOEDENRES.TB (0.91 and 0.70, respectively) and MOEDENCONST and VEL (0.91 and 0.65, respectively for both). Correlations with MOEDENPIL, MOEDENPIL.B, and MOEDENRES were lower. Narrow-sense heritabilities were moderate, ranging from 0.39 (MOESILV) to 0.46 (MOEDENSILV). All indices revealed an opportunity for joint improvement of DBH and MOE. Conclusions: MOEDENRES.TB appears to be the most efficient approach for indirect selection for wood stiffness in Scots pine, although VEL alone and MOEDENCONST have provided very good results too. An index combining DBH and MOEDENRES.TB seems to offer the best compromise for simultaneous improvement of growth, fiber, and wood quality traits.

Growth and wood properties of genetically improved loblolly pine: propagation type comparison and genetic parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finto Antony ◽  
Laurence R. Schimleck ◽  
Lewis Jordan ◽  
Benjamin Hornsby ◽  
Joseph Dahlen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Genetically Improved ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Wood Traits ◽  
Clonal Lines

The use of clonal varieties in forestry offers great potential to improve growth traits (quantity) and wood properties (quality) of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Loblolly pine trees established via somatic embryogenesis (clones), full-sib zygotic crosses, and half-sib zygotic open-pollinated families were sampled to identify variation in growth and wood properties among and within clonal lines and zygotic controls. Increment cores 5 mm in diameter were collected at age 4 from a total of 2615 trees. Growth properties (diameter at 1.4 m and total tree height) and wood properties (whole-core density, latewood and earlywood density, and latewood percent) were measured for each tree sampled in the study. Overall, growth properties were better for full-sib seedling than for clonal lines, whereas wood density was higher for clonal lines than full-sib and open-pollinated seedlings. However, there were clonal lines with better growth and higher wood density. Clonal repeatability of both growth and wood properties across sampled sites and genetic correlations between growth and wood traits were determined, with higher repeatability observed for wood traits compared with growth traits. Significant genetic correlations were observed for tree height and wood properties, whereas weak correlations were observed for diameter and wood properties.

scholarly journals Genotype x Environment Interaction in Maritime Pine Families in Galicia, Northwest Spain

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zas ◽  
E. Merlo ◽  
J. Fernández-López
Keyword(s):  
Variance Component ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Maritime Pine ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Pinus Pinaster Ait ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
The Stability

SummaryThe magnitude and practical importance of family x site interactions for growth and form traits in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) breeding in the coastal area of Galicia (NW Spain) were analysed using several different techniques. Data were from 58 8-yr-old half-sib families planted across four sites. The analysis of variance and the ratio of interaction to family variance component showed the interactions to be quantitatively important for several traits, especially for volume and straightness. Genetic correlations between the same trait at different sites were moderate and highly variable, especially for certain pairs of sites. The results indicated that interactions are a consequence of few highly interactive families that may be particularly sensitive to environmental variation. The removal of these families from the breeding program appeared as an effective strategy to solve the interactions. Results are discussed in relation to the stability parameter considered to identify the most unstable progenies.

scholarly journals Early Field Growth of Loblolly Pine Rooted Cuttings and Seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Frampton ◽  
Bailian Li ◽  
Barry Goldfarb
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Field Performance ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Improvement Programs

Abstract Early growth and fusiform rust resistance of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) rooted cuttings and seedlings from the same nine full-sib families established on two sites (Nassau Co., FL and Monroe Co., AL) were compared. Although site effects on growth were large, height, diameter and volume growth of the rooted cuttings and seedlings did not differ through the first six growing seasons in the field (with the exception of first year height growth at the Florida site). Fusiform rust (caused by Cronartium quercuum [Berk.] Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme [Cumm.] Burds. et Snow) incidence at age 6 yr was significantly lower in the rooted cuttings than the seedlings at both the Florida site (15.6 versus 22.3 %, respectively) and the Alabama site (46. 0 versus 51.0%, respectively). In addition, correlations of full-sib family performance between (1) rooted cuttings and seedlings and (2) rooted cuttings and seedling progeny test data were positive, statistically significant and moderate to high for both growth traits and fusiform rust incidence. Thus, families or individual trees selected from seedling genetic tests in existing tree improvement programs should also perform well as rooted cuttings. These results and those from similar studies indicate that field performance of loblolly pine rooted cuttings derived from seedling hedges should not be a concern. Large-scale propagation using rooted cuttings will deliver predicted gains from the selection and deployment of elite full-sib families and clones. In addition, the use of rooted cutting planting stock may offer a further reduction in fusiform rust incidence. South. J. Appl. For. 24(2):98-105.

Genetic correlation between growth and reproductive performance of beef females depends on environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário L. Santana Jr ◽  
Joanir P. Eler ◽  
Annaiza B. Bignardi ◽  
Arione A. Boligon ◽  
José B. S. Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Environment Interaction

In tropical production systems, beef cattle are raised in highly heterogeneous environments. Heterogeneity is, therefore, expected to exist in the (co)variance components for traits of economic interest in different production environments. The main objective of the present study was to estimate genetic correlations between growth traits and reproductive performance of beef females, depending on the environment. The present study was conducted in the tropical region of Brazil, applying a multiple-trait random regression animal model to field records of heifer pregnancy (HP), hip height, bodyweight at ~18 months of age (BW18) and postweaning weight gain (PWG) from 20 893 Nelore females. As evidence of genotype by environment interaction (G × E), heterogeneity of genetic variance across environments was observed mainly for HP, PWG and BW18. Moreover, the estimates of genetic correlation within these traits reached values lower than unity on the environmental gradient. The genetic correlation among growth traits tended to be stronger in favourable environments, a fact that should favour correlated responses under these conditions. In contrast, the genetic correlations between growth traits and HP tended to become weaker and even exhibited little evidence of antagonism in more favourable environments. On the basis of these findings, selection for higher growth in extreme favourable environments should result in little or no damage to HP as a correlated response. All these results lead us to believe that the G × E is an important factor to be considered in genetic evaluations of beef cattle raised in tropical environments.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Fruit Set, Fruit Weight, and Yield in a Tomato Population Grown in Two High-temperature Environments

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 867-870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Wessel-Beaver ◽  
J.W. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Significant Component ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Selection For

Heritabilities (h2) and genetic correlations between percent fruit set, yield, and fruit weight were estimated from one summer planting each in Florida and Puerto Rico of 100 S, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) families from a synthetic population. Single-location h2 was high for all traits. Across-locations h2 was low for yield, intermediate for fruit set, and high for fruit weight. Genotype × environment interaction (G × E) was 1) the only significant component of variance for yield, 2) somewhat important for fruit set, and 3) not an important variance component for fruit weight. The greater importance of genetic variance compared to G × E variance explains why across-location heritabilities for fruit weight and fruit set were high. Genetic correlations between fruit set and weight were strongly negative, while those between yield and set were large and positive. Yields under high temperatures may increase with selection for fruit set, but a reduction in fruit weight would be expected in this population and those with similar genetic correlations.

scholarly journals Genotype by Environment Interaction in Pinus sylvestris L. in Southern Sweden

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hannrup ◽  
G. Jansson ◽  
Ö. Danell
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Site Index ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Genotype By Environment

Abstract To estimate the amount of genotype by environment interaction (G x E) data was obtained within the Swedish breeding program of Pinus sylvestris L. The calculations were based on estimates of G x E expressed by the genetic correlations across trials. In total, 66 progeny trials were included coming from 17 different test series. The number of parents tested per progeny trial was in average 52. Some parents were tested in several series and in total 812 parents were represented in the study. The results of our study showed that the amount of G x E for growth traits in Pinus sylvestris in southern Sweden was low. The median genetic correlation across trials for height, height increment and diameter were in the range 0.75-0.80 and the pattern of interaction was largely unpredictable from site differences in site index, latitude, longitude and altitude.

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