scholarly journals Where Did You Come From? Where Did You Go? Investigating the Origin of Invasive Leptocybe Species Using Distribution Modelling

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beryn Otieno ◽  
Helen Nahrung ◽  
Martin Steinbauer
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Invasive Population ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Distribution Modelling ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Leptocybe Invasa

Research Highlights: We present the first attempts to model the distributions of the two cryptic and globally invasive species of Leptocybe invasa sensu lato (Fisher & LaSalle) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in its purported country of origin, namely Australia. Background and Objectives: Leptocybe invasa is an invasive eucalypt-galling wasp that spread quickly all over the world in the early to mid-2000’s, achieving significant pest status through its severe impacts on the growth and productivity of extra-limital eucalypt plantations. Until its discovery in Europe and the Middle East, the genus was undescribed, and its native range remains unclear. Molecular studies indicate the globally invasive population comprises two cryptic species with variable modes of reproduction. Collection records from Australia, the purported origin, represent only one of the invasive lineages, restricted to subtropical and tropical Queensland and northern New South Wales. To date, the original invasive lineage has not been found in Australia, despite searches over the seventeen years that it has been spreading overseas. Materials and Methods: To understand the distributions of the invasive populations, and to infer Leptocybe spp. native ranges within Australia, we used correlative niche modelling in Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) and multivariate analysis, and created a CLIMEX model based on development rates of an invasive population. Results: We used the environmental conditions in the extra-limital range to infer possible origins, with our findings supporting the possibility that the invasive populations may have originated from different populations in Australia. Conclusions: We highlight the need for better understanding of the distribution, genetic diversity, and reproductive mode of the species within Australia. The variety of climatic niches occupied by invasive lineages of the wasp potentially present new threats to eucalypts in previously uninfested habitats.

scholarly journals Use of DNA Markers for Grape Phylloxera Population and Evolutionary Genetics: From RAPDs to SSRs and Beyond

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Tello ◽  
Astrid Forneck
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Daktulosphaira Vitifoliae ◽  
Grape Phylloxera ◽  
The World ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Adequate Management

Grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch) is a major pest of cultivated grapevines (Vitis spp.), occurring in virtually all viticultural regions around the world. Different grape phylloxera strains can be found at varying levels on leaves and roots on both own-rooted plants and in plants grafted onto partially resistant rootstocks. Considering its relevance for the adequate management of the pest in infested vineyards, the analysis of its genetic diversity has received considerable attention from the scientific community in the last decades. Here, we review 25 years of DNA-based molecular markers applied to the analysis of the genetic structure and the reproductive mode of grape phylloxera in its native range and in different introduced regions. The use given to RAPD, AFLP, mtDNA sequencing and microsatellite (SSR) genetic markers for the analysis of grape phylloxera diversity is discussed, and an overview of the main findings obtained after their application to different populations collected in diverse regions all around the world is shown. Lastly, we explore how recent advancements in molecular biology and in modern high throughput genotyping technologies may be applied to better understand grape phylloxera natural diversity at a molecular level.

Do feathertail gliders show a preference for nest box design?

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
Matthew J. Grimson ◽  
Geoffrey C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Nest Box ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
North East ◽  
Tree Hollows ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Arboreal Marsupials ◽  
Breeding Groups

Although nest boxes have considerable application in the research and management of hollow-using arboreal marsupials, few studies have assessed whether species show a preference for particular nest box designs. This study aimed to determine whether the feathertail glider (Acrobates pygmaeus) showed a preference when offered four different designs, each of which had been used in earlier studies. We established one of each design in 45 plots across five locations, spanning north-east New South Wales and south-east Queensland. Feathertail gliders used 34 nest boxes at four locations but avoided a medium-sized rear-entry box with a 45-mm-diameter entrance. No clear preference was shown for three designs with narrow (≤25 mm) entrances. Feathertail gliders used 15 small rear-entry boxes, 10 large slit-entrance boxes and 9 wedge-shaped bat boxes. A slight preference was shown by breeding groups to occur in the non-wedge boxes compared with the wedge boxes. Squirrel gliders (Petaurus norfolcensis) used 51% of medium rear-entry boxes at four locations. This may account for the avoidance of this box design by feathertail gliders at these locations. Breeding and prolonged use of nest boxes by resident feathertail gliders and squirrel gliders at two locations in eucalypt plantations suggest that nest boxes can support local populations of arboreal marsupials where tree hollows are absent or scarce.

Consequences of long- and short-term fragmentation on the genetic diversity and differentiation of a late successional rainforest conifer

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Mellick ◽  
Andrew Lowe ◽  
Maurizio Rossetto
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
New South ◽  
Demographic Stochasticity ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Diversity Estimates

The east Australian rainforests provide a unique system with which to study historic climate-driven habitat fragmentation. The long life span of rainforest conifers and consequent lag effects on genetic variation, offer insights into demographic stochasticity in small populations and persistence in increasingly fragmented systems. Microsatellite markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity and structure of Podocarpus elatus (Podocarpaceae), a long-lived rainforest conifer endemic to Australia. Twenty-seven populations throughout the east Australian rainforests were screened and two divergent regions separated by the dry Clarence River valley (New South Wales) were discovered. This biogeographic barrier may be referred to as the Clarence River Corridor. Niche modelling techniques were employed to verify the incidence of habitat divergence between the two regions. Significantly high inbreeding was detected throughout the species range with no evidence of recent bottlenecks. Most of the diversity in the species resides between individuals within populations, which suggest the species would be sensitive to the adverse effects of inbreeding, yet evidence suggests that these populations have been small for several generations. Slightly higher diversity estimates were found in the southern region, but it is likely that the species survived historic population contraction in dispersed refugia within each of these genetically differentiated regions.

Variation within Prostanthera spinosa (Lamiaceae): evidence from morphological and molecular studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark L. Williams ◽  
Andrew N. Drinnan ◽  
Neville G. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
New South ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Flinders Ranges ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
A New Species

Specimens of Prostanthera spinosa F. Muell. representing the geographic range of the taxon were examined for morphological and genetic variation within the species. Patterns of morphological variation were documented and the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) DNA fingerprinting technique was used to assess the genetic relationships among plants from different populations. Morphological and molecular results were in broad agreement and supported distinct groups in both analyses. The differences detected warrant taxonomic recognition and three species are described representing geographically disjunct regions. Plants from the Grampians in Victoria, Eyre Peninsula, Flinders Ranges and Kangaroo Island in South Australia, group together and retain the name P. spinosa; plants from Mt Arapiles in Victoria are distinct and are recognised as a new species P. arapilensis; plants from the Fortis Creek National Park and adjacent areas in northern New South Wales are distinct and are identified as a new species, P. sejuncta.

Three new species of Aponuphis (Annelida: Onuphidae) from eastern Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4344 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
HANNELORE PAXTON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
New South ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Eastern North Atlantic ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Sandy Sediments

The genus Aponuphis, previously known from the eastern North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, is newly reported from Australia. Three new species are described from off Sydney to Wollongong, New South Wales in sandy sediments, in depths of 25–70 m, bringing the number of recognized Aponuphis species to ten. Aponuphis annae n. sp. and A. bellani n. sp. are abranchiate, whilst A. danicae n. sp. has branchiae over a short region of its body. The tubes of A. annae and A. danicae have a fragile mucous consistency with attached sand grains and that of A. bellani is transparent, tight-fitting and smooth. Two specimens of A. annae were collected with developing juveniles in their tubes demonstrating their direct development but the reproductive mode of the other two species is not known. The distinguishing characteristics of all recognized species are tabled and a key to the three Australian species is presented. 

scholarly journals Ctenarytaina bipartita sp. n. (Hemiptera, Psylloidea), a new eucalypt psyllid from Southeast Australia

Zootaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3613 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL BURCKHARDT ◽  
KEVIN FARNIER ◽  
DALVA L. QUEIROZ ◽  
GARY S. TAYLOR ◽  
MARTIN J. STEINBAUER
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Posterior Lobe ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Australian Capital ◽  
Southeast Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations

Ctenarytaina bipartita sp.n., associated with Eucalyptus kitsoniana and E. viminalis, is described from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Tasmania and Victoria. It differs from other described Ctenarytaina species in the paramere which bears a small posterior lobe. Taxonomically relevant morphological details are illustrated and the species is diagnosed from other eucalypt inhabiting congeners. Information on the biology is also given. C. bipartita has the po-tential to become an exported pest species to countries with significant eucalypt plantations.

scholarly journals Allele Surfing and Holocene Expansion of an Australian Fig (Ficus—Moraceae)

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Brendan C. Wilde ◽  
Susan Rutherford ◽  
Jia-Yee S. Yap ◽  
Maurizio Rossetto
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Suitable Habitats

The creek sandpaper fig of southeastern Australia, Ficus coronata Spin, is culturally significant to Australian traditional owners who made use of the leaves to smooth timber and ate the fruit. The species is thought to have a long history on the continent, with some suggesting a Gondwanan origin. However, distributional patterns and overall ecology suggest a recent expansion across suitable habitats. We used landscape genomic techniques and environmental niche modelling to reconstruct its history and explore whether the species underwent a recent and rapid expansion along the east coast of New South Wales. Genomic analysis of 178 specimens collected from 32 populations throughout the species’ New South Wales distribution revealed a lack of genetic diversity and population structure. Some populations at the species’ southern and western range limits displayed unexpected diversity, which appears to be the result of allele surfing. Field work and genetic evidence suggest a Holocene expansion which may have increased since European colonisation. We also present a novel method for detecting allele surfing—MAHF (minor allele at highest frequency).

Intraspecific Variation in Reproductive Mode within the Scincid Lizard Saiphos equalis

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Smith ◽  
R. Shine
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Reproductive Mode ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Vertebrate Lineage ◽  
Squamate Reptiles ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Intermediate Mode

Although viviparity (live-bearing) has evolved from oviparity (egg-laying) more frequently in squamate reptiles than in any other vertebrate lineage, there are few well-documented cases of taxa that either (i) exhibit a ‘transitional’ reproductive state (i.e. with a reproductive mode intermediate between ‘normal’ oviparity and viviparity) or (ii) contain both oviparous and viviparous populations within the same species. Although rare, such taxa offer exceptional opportunities to test hypotheses concerning the evolution of viviparity in reptiles. Our data show that the scincid lizard Saiphos equalis displays both of the characteristics listed above. These small semi-fossorial skinks from south-eastern Australia exhibit geographic variation in reproductive mode, and some populations show an ‘intermediate’ mode. We examined the reproductive mode of Saiphos equalis over the geographic range of the species using preserved museum specimens, and we gathered detailed information on reproductive output of captive lizards collected from a high-elevation site (Riamukka, in the northern highlands of New South Wales) and from a coastal area (Sydney, southern New South Wales). Lizards from Riamukka were viviparous (i.e. they produced fully formed young enclosed in membranous sacs), whereas Sydney lizards produced incompletely developed embryos inside partially calcified eggshells. Incubation periods of the eggs from Sydney lizards were very brief (5.5 1.7 days v. >35 days in sympatric oviparous skinks), indicating that oviparous S. equalis represent a true evolutionary intermediate between ‘normal’ oviparity and viviparity.

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