scholarly journals Allele Surfing and Holocene Expansion of an Australian Fig (Ficus—Moraceae)

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Brendan C. Wilde ◽  
Susan Rutherford ◽  
Jia-Yee S. Yap ◽  
Maurizio Rossetto
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Suitable Habitats

The creek sandpaper fig of southeastern Australia, Ficus coronata Spin, is culturally significant to Australian traditional owners who made use of the leaves to smooth timber and ate the fruit. The species is thought to have a long history on the continent, with some suggesting a Gondwanan origin. However, distributional patterns and overall ecology suggest a recent expansion across suitable habitats. We used landscape genomic techniques and environmental niche modelling to reconstruct its history and explore whether the species underwent a recent and rapid expansion along the east coast of New South Wales. Genomic analysis of 178 specimens collected from 32 populations throughout the species’ New South Wales distribution revealed a lack of genetic diversity and population structure. Some populations at the species’ southern and western range limits displayed unexpected diversity, which appears to be the result of allele surfing. Field work and genetic evidence suggest a Holocene expansion which may have increased since European colonisation. We also present a novel method for detecting allele surfing—MAHF (minor allele at highest frequency).

scholarly journals Ornithopod diversity in the Griman Creek Formation (Cenomanian), New South Wales, Australia

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil R. Bell ◽  
Matthew C. Herne ◽  
Tom Brougham ◽  
Elizabeth T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
The North ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
South Wales

During the Early Cretaceous, dinosaur communities of the Australian-Antarctic rift system (Eumeralla and Wonthaggi formations) cropping out in Victoria were apparently dominated by a diverse small-bodied ‘basal ornithopod’ fauna. Further north, in Queensland (Winton and Mackunda formations), poorly-represented small-bodied ornithopods coexisted with large-bodied iguanodontians. Our understanding of the ornithopod diversity from the region between the Australian-Antarctic rift and Queensland, represented by Lightning Ridge in central-northern New South Wales (Griman Creek Formation), has been superficial. Here, we re-investigate the ornithopod diversity at Lightning Ridge based on new craniodental remains. Our findings indicate a diverse ornithopod fauna consisting of two-to-three small-bodied non-iguanodontian ornithopods (includingWeewarrasaurus pobenigen. et sp. nov.), at least one indeterminate iguanodontian, and a possible ankylopollexian. These results support those of previous studies that favour a general abundance of small-bodied basal ornithopods in Early to mid-Cretaceous high-latitude localities of southeastern Australia. Although these localities are not necessarily time-equivalent, increasing evidence indicates that Lightning Ridge formed a ‘meeting point’ between the basal ornithopod-dominated localities in Victoria and the sauropod-iguanodontian faunas in Queensland to the north.

Pedigree Dorset Horn sheep in Australia. 1. Breed expansion and other vital statistics

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (91) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
NM Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Flock Size ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean

The Dorset Horn in Australia is maintained almost exclusively for producing rams for crossbreeding in the prime lamb industry. Flock Book records have been used to assess the expansion and other statistics of the breed. Dorset Horn sheep were first imported in 1895 with the first flock registered in 1920. The number of pedigree flocks increased to 1298 in 1958 and total ewes to 11 3,762 in 1968. Flocks declined to 61 4 and ewes to 60,801 in 1973, during which there was a rapid expansion in Poll Dorset flocks and ewes. Early expansion of the Dorset Horn occurred in South Australia and Victoria but over 85 per cent of flocks and ewes were located in New South Wales and Victoria in 1973. In 1973,40 per cent of flocks contained less than 51 ewes with only 2.8 per cent having more than 400 ewes. The mean age of studs in 1973 was 15.3 years, with 22 per cent established for 0 to 5 years, compared with 7.1 years and 62 per cent respectively in 1958. Stud dispersals have increased dramatically in recent years to 19.7 per cent of extant studs in 1973. Examination of flocks present in 1969 but dispersed prior to 1974, showed the proportion of dispersed flocks decreased with increasing flock size and increasing stud age, up to 40 years. Migration of sires between all regions was low, but of the migrant sires, South Australia supplied 76 per cent in 1954 and the central western region of New South Wales 57 per cent in 1974. Approximately half of the rams sampled had sires bred in the same stud.

Conodonts of Caradocian (Late Ordovician) age from the Cliefden Caves Limestone, southeastern Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman M. Savage
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

New species of Aphelognathus, Belodina, Taoqupognathus, and Yaoxianognathus have been identified in the Late Ordovician Cliefden Caves Limestone Group in central-western New South Wales, Australia. Of the Aphelognathus species, Aphelognathus percivali n. sp. and A. webbyi n. sp. occur in the basal Gleesons Limestone Member and A. packhami n. sp. and A. stevensi n. sp. occur 30 m higher in the Wyoming Limestone Member. It seems likely from the similarity of several of the elements that A. packhami is closely related to A. percivali, and A. stevensi to A. webbyi. Yaoxianognathus wrighti n. sp. occurs in the Gleesons Limestone Member but not in the Wyoming Limestone Member. Belodina confluens, Belodina hillae n. sp., Belodina n. sp., Panderodus gracilis, Taoqupognathus philipi n. sp., and Phragmodus? tunguskaensis occur at both horizons. The conodonts suggest a middle to late Caradocian (mid-Shermanian to mid-Edenian) age for the lowest part of the Cliefden Caves Limestone. The occurrence in southeastern Australia of the forms Taoqupognathus, Yaoxianognathus, and Phragmodus? tunguskaensis suggest affinities to coeval faunas in China and eastern Siberia. The four new species of Aphelognathus are distinct from known species in the Late Ordovician of North America and Europe but they may help characterize a paleobiogeographic region that includes eastern Australia and southeast Asia.

Agrilus (Agrilus) sundholmi, a new Agrilus from Australia (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2137 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
GIANFRANCO CURLETTI
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South Wales

A revision of the continental Australian species in the genus Agrilus Curtis, 1825 (Curletti, 2001, and supplements in 2002 and 2003) clarified the taxonomy, described two new subgenera, and described new taxa increasing the known Australian taxa to 47. Subsequently, five additional species have been described (Curletti 2007, 2008). Considering the size of the Australian mainland, and the cosmopolitan diversity of Agrilus (some 2700+ described species), the genus is poorly represented in Australia. Recent field work by entomological enthusiasts in central New South Wales has brought to light another new species, and increases the total number of Australian species of Agrilus to 53.

Behaviour of a Very Fast Grassland Wildfire on the Riverine Plain of Southeastern Australia.

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Noble
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Fuel Loads ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Behaviour Models

A grassland wildfire burnt 120,000 ha in the western Riverina of New South Wales and caused exten sive losses of sheep and fencing. The rate of spread of the fire was accurately recorded at 6.4 m s-1 (23 km h-1) as it traversed one property and on the basis of conservative estimates of fuel loads measured later on unburnt patches, a fireline intensity was calculated at around 20,000 kW m-1. This rate of spread is one of the highest recorded for grassland wildfires in southern Australia and represents an important datum point for wildfire behaviour models. Quite reasonable predictions of rate of spread were pro vided by the McArthur Mark 4 fire danger model, how ever, the Mark 5 model seriously underestimated rate of spread for this and two other grassland wildfires.

scholarly journals BEACH EROSION-ACCRETION AT TWO TIME SCALES

1980 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.G. Thom ◽  
C.M. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Beach Erosion ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Shoreline Position ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Erosion And Accretion

Erosion and accretion on the beachface have been studied at two time scales on the central and south coast of New South Wales, Australia. This research aims at providing a temporal perspective to contemporary problems of beach erosion in areas where the historic map record of changes in shoreline position is poor. Field work has been concentrated at two localities Moruya (lat. 35° 53'S long. 150°09'E) and Newcastle Bight (lat. 32°48'S long. 151°55'E)(Fig. 1).

scholarly journals A One Health investigation of Salmonella enterica serovar Wangata in north-eastern New South Wales, Australia, 2016–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Collins ◽  
K. M. J. Simpson ◽  
G. Bell ◽  
D. N. Durrheim ◽  
G. A. Hill-Cawthorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
One Health ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Human Infections

AbstractSalmonella enterica serovar Wangata (S. Wangata) is an important cause of endemic salmonellosis in Australia, with human infections occurring from undefined sources. This investigation sought to examine possible environmental and zoonotic sources for human infections with S. Wangata in north-eastern New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The investigation adopted a One Health approach and was comprised of three complimentary components: a case–control study examining human risk factors; environmental and animal sampling; and genomic analysis of human, animal and environmental isolates. Forty-eight human S. Wangata cases were interviewed during a 6-month period from November 2016 to April 2017, together with 55 Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) controls and 130 neighbourhood controls. Indirect contact with bats/flying foxes (S. Typhimurium controls (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–6.48)) (neighbourhood controls (aOR 8.33, 95% CI 2.58–26.83)), wild frogs (aOR 3.65, 95% CI 1.32–10.07) and wild birds (aOR 6.93, 95% CI 2.29–21.00) were statistically associated with illness in multivariable analyses. S. Wangata was detected in dog faeces, wildlife scats and a compost specimen collected from the outdoor environments of cases’ residences. In addition, S. Wangata was detected in the faeces of wild birds and sea turtles in the investigation area. Genomic analysis revealed that S. Wangata isolates were relatively clonal. Our findings suggest that S. Wangata is present in the environment and may have a reservoir in wildlife populations in north-eastern NSW. Further investigation is required to better understand the occurrence of Salmonella in wildlife groups and to identify possible transmission pathways for human infections.

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