scholarly journals RAD-Seq Data Point to a Distinct Split in Liriodendron (Magnoliaceae) and Obvious East–West Genetic Divergence in L. chinense

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongda Zhong ◽  
Aihong Yang ◽  
Shujuan Liu ◽  
Lipan Liu ◽  
Yanqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Phylogeographic History ◽  
Base Group ◽  
East West ◽  
Tertiary Period

Liriodendron is a Tertiary period relic tree genus with a typical East Asian and North American disjunction distribution pattern. As an angiosperm base group of trees, Liriodendron provides a valuable resource for the study of evolution processes. Here, we reconstruct the phylogeny and population genetic structure of Liriodendron based on the restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) of a wide collection of individuals from 16 populations. Our results reveal a clear phylogenetic break between L. chinense and L. tulipifera and obvious genetic divergence between the eastern and western populations of L. chinense, which are consistent with the patterns of geographical distributions. The phylogeographic history and long-term geographical isolation of the genus may be responsible for this pattern. Furthermore, a closer relationship was found between L. tulipifera and the eastern populations of L. chinense, indicating the ancient phylogeny of L. chinense in this area. The results of this study will aid in the development of scientific strategies for the conservation and utilization of the Liriodendron germplasm.

scholarly journals Long-Term Experimental Evolution in Escherichia coli. VI. Environmental Constraints on Adaptation and Divergence

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Travisano
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Asymmetric Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Environment ◽  
Mean Fitness ◽  
Population Genetic Variation

The effect of environment on adaptation and divergence was examined in two sets of populations of Escherichia coli selected for 1000 generations in either maltose- or glucose-limited media. Twelve replicate populations selected in maltose-limited medium improved in fitness in the selected environment, by an average of 22.5%. Statistically significant among-population genetic variation for fitness was observed during the course of the propagation, but this variation was small relative to the fitness improvement. Mean fitness in a novel nutrient environment, glucose-limited medium, improved to the same extent as in the selected environment, with no statistically significant among-population genetic variation. In contrast, 12 replicate populations previously selected for 1000 generations in glucose-limited medium showed no improvement, as a group, in fitness in maltose-limited medium and substantial genetic variation. This asymmetric pattern of correlated responses suggests that small changes in the environment can have profound effects on adaptation and divergence.

Prescribing practice: an overview of the principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (17) ◽  
pp. 1016-1022
Author(s):  
Aby Mitchell ◽  
Reuben Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Nurse Prescribing ◽  
Prescribing Practice ◽  
Hospital Stays

Nurse prescribing has become a well-established aspect of advanced clinical practice working alongside key NHS principles and drivers to address the increasing complexities in patient care and the demands on the health service. Prescribing practice is governed by ethical and legal principles to ensure a holistic patient-centred approach. It has been recognised as a valuable resource that could effectively transform healthcare services to reduce hospital admissions and long hospital stays and improve the quality of life for patients with long-term conditions and multiple comorbidities. This article will provide an overview of prescribing practice.

Inter- and intra-population genetic divergence of East Asian cattle populations: focusing on Korean cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailu Dadi ◽  
Seung-Hwan Lee ◽  
Seung Soo Lee ◽  
Chankyu Park ◽  
Kwan-Suk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Korean Cattle

Evaluating the carbon inventory, carbon fluxes and carbon cycles for a long-term sustainable world

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 3994-4013 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tomkins ◽  
T. E. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fluxes ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Anthropogenic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Compartments ◽  
Carbon Inventory

Propositioning carbon to be seen a valuable resource, pathways towards establishing anthropogenic carbon cycles are outlined based on systematic analysis of the carbon inventory and fluxes throughout the different environmental compartments on earth.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of southern brown and golden bandicoots: implications for the taxonomy and distribution of endangered subspecies and species

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. B. Cooper ◽  
Kym Ottewell ◽  
Anna J. MacDonald ◽  
Mark Adams ◽  
Margaret Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Species ◽  
East West

Southern brown (Isoodon obesulus) and golden (Isoodon auratus) bandicoots are iconic Australian marsupials that have experienced dramatic declines since European settlement. Conservation management programs seek to protect the remaining populations; however, these programs are impeded by major taxonomic uncertainties. We investigated the history of population connectivity to inform subspecies and species boundaries through a broad-scale phylogeographic and population genetic analysis of Isoodon taxa. Our analyses reveal a major east–west phylogeographic split within I. obesulus/I. auratus, supported by both mtDNA and nuclear gene analyses, which is not coincident with the current species or subspecies taxonomy. In the eastern lineage, all Tasmanian samples formed a distinct monophyletic haplotype group to the exclusion of all mainland samples, indicative of long-term isolation of this population from mainland Australia and providing support for retention of the subspecific status of the Tasmanian population (I. o. affinis). Analyses further suggest that I. o. obesulus is limited to south-eastern mainland Australia, representing a significant reduction in known range. However, the analyses provide no clear consensus on the taxonomic status of bandicoot populations within the western lineage, with further analyses required, ideally incorporating data from historical museum specimens to fill distributional gaps.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Divergence and Environment Influence the Gut Microbiome in Oregon Threespine Stickleback

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steury ◽  
Currey ◽  
Cresko ◽  
Bohannan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Combine Population ◽  
Natural Ecology

Much of animal-associated microbiome research has been conducted in species for which little is known of their natural ecology and evolution. Microbiome studies that combine population genetic, environment, and geographic data for wild organisms can be very informative, especially in situations where host genetic variation and the environment both influence microbiome variation. The few studies that have related population genetic and microbiome variation in wild populations have been constrained by observation-based kinship data or incomplete genomic information. Here we integrate population genomic and microbiome analyses in wild threespine stickleback fish distributed throughout western Oregon, USA. We found that gut microbiome diversity and composition partitioned more among than within wild host populations and was better explained by host population genetic divergence than by environment and geography. We also identified gut microbial taxa that were most differentially abundant across environments and across genetically divergent populations. Our findings highlight the benefits of studies that investigate host-associated microbiomes in wild organisms.

Population genetic divergence of bonnethead sharks Sphyrna tiburo in the western North Atlantic: Implications for conservation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Píndaro Díaz‐Jaimes ◽  
Natalia J. Bayona‐Vásquez ◽  
Elena Escatel‐Luna ◽  
Manuel Uribe‐Alcocer ◽  
Carlo Pecoraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Sphyrna Tiburo

scholarly journals Silent rain: does the atmosphere-mediated connectivity between microbiomes influence bacterial evolutionary rates?

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti Jalasvuori
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Gene Product ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Epistatic Interaction ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Evolutionary Rates ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

ABSTRACT Air carries a vast number of bacteria and viruses over great distances all the time. This leads to continuous introduction of foreign genetic material to local, established microbial communities. In this perspective, I ask whether this silent rain may have a slowing effect on the overall evolutionary rates in the microbial biosphere. Arguably, the greater the genetic divergence between gene ‘donors’ and ‘recipients’, the greater the chance that the gene product has a deleterious epistatic interaction with other gene products in its genetic environment. This is due to the long-term absence of check for mutual compatibility. As such, if an organism is extensively different from other bacteria, genetic innovations are less probable to fit to the genome. Here, genetic innovation would be anything that elevates the fitness of the gene vehicle (e.g. bacterium) over its contemporaries. Adopted innovations increase the fitness of the compatible genome over incompatible ones, thus possibly tempering the pace at which mutations accumulate in existing genomes over generations. I further discuss the transfer of bacteriophages through atmosphere and potential effects that this may have on local dynamics and perhaps phage survival.

scholarly journals Post-Glacial Expansion and Population Genetic Divergence of Mangrove Species Avicennia germinans (L.) Stearn and Rhizophora mangle L. along the Mexican Coast

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e93358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sandoval-Castro ◽  
Richard S. Dodd ◽  
Rafael Riosmena-Rodríguez ◽  
Luis Manuel Enríquez-Paredes ◽  
Cristian Tovilla-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Avicennia Germinans ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Glacial Expansion
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