scholarly journals Population Genetic Divergence and Environment Influence the Gut Microbiome in Oregon Threespine Stickleback

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steury ◽  
Currey ◽  
Cresko ◽  
Bohannan
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Combine Population ◽  
Natural Ecology

Much of animal-associated microbiome research has been conducted in species for which little is known of their natural ecology and evolution. Microbiome studies that combine population genetic, environment, and geographic data for wild organisms can be very informative, especially in situations where host genetic variation and the environment both influence microbiome variation. The few studies that have related population genetic and microbiome variation in wild populations have been constrained by observation-based kinship data or incomplete genomic information. Here we integrate population genomic and microbiome analyses in wild threespine stickleback fish distributed throughout western Oregon, USA. We found that gut microbiome diversity and composition partitioned more among than within wild host populations and was better explained by host population genetic divergence than by environment and geography. We also identified gut microbial taxa that were most differentially abundant across environments and across genetically divergent populations. Our findings highlight the benefits of studies that investigate host-associated microbiomes in wild organisms.

scholarly journals Host, microbiome, and complex space: applying population and landscape genetic approaches to gut microbiome research in wild populations

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E Couch ◽  
Clinton W Epps
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Wild Host ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract In recent years, emerging sequencing technologies and computational tools have driven a tidal wave of research on host-associated microbiomes, particularly the gut microbiome. These studies demonstrate numerous connections between the gut microbiome and vital host functions, primarily in humans, model organisms, and domestic animals. As the adaptive importance of the gut microbiome becomes clearer, interest in studying the gut microbiomes of wild populations has increased, in part due to the potential for discovering conservation applications. The study of wildlife gut microbiomes holds many new challenges and opportunities due to the complex genetic, spatial, and environmental structure of wild host populations, and the potential for these factors to interact with the microbiome. The emerging picture of adaptive coevolution in host-microbiome relationships highlights the importance of understanding microbiome variation in the context of host population genetics and landscape heterogeneity across a wide range of host populations. We propose a conceptual framework for understanding wildlife gut microbiomes in relation to landscape variables and host population genetics, including the potential of approaches derived from landscape genetics. We use this framework to review current research, synthesize important trends, highlight implications for conservation, and recommend future directions for research. Specifically, we focus on how spatial structure and environmental variation interact with host population genetics and microbiome variation in natural populations, and what we can learn from how these patterns of covariation differ depending on host ecological and evolutionary traits.

scholarly journals Host genetic diversity limits parasite success beyond agricultural systems: a meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1911) ◽  
pp. 20191811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice K. E. Ekroth ◽  
Charlotte Rafaluk-Mohr ◽  
Kayla C. King
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Population Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
At Risk Populations ◽  
Host Genetic

There is evidence that human activities are reducing the population genetic diversity of species worldwide. Given the prediction that parasites better exploit genetically homogeneous host populations, many species could be vulnerable to disease outbreaks. While agricultural studies have shown the devastating effects of infectious disease in crop monocultures, the widespread nature of this diversity–disease relationship remains unclear in natural systems. Here, we provide broad support that high population genetic diversity can protect against infectious disease by conducting a meta-analysis of 23 studies, with a total of 67 effect sizes. We found that parasite functional group (micro- or macroparasite) affects the presence of the effect and study setting (field or laboratory-based environment) influences the magnitude. Our study also suggests that host genetic diversity is overall a robust defence against infection regardless of host reproduction, parasite host range, parasite diversity, virulence and the method by which parasite success was recorded. Combined, these results highlight the importance of monitoring declines of host population genetic diversity as shifts in parasite distributions could have devastating effects on at-risk populations in nature.

Gut Feeling

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S504-S505
Author(s):  
C. Cotta ◽  
G. Jesus ◽  
V. Vila Nova ◽  
C. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionThere is growing evidence of the importance of nutrition in mental disorders. Gut microbiota, influenced by environmental factors such as diet and stress, has been proposed as one of the players on a dynamic called gut-brain axis, which is thought to have an influence on behaviour and mental health.Objectives and aimsTo summarize recent evidence on the topic, and its potential role in psychiatric interventions.MethodsThe authors review updated literature collected from online scientific databases.ResultsThe development of the brain itself has been shown to be influenced by the gut microbiome. Research demonstrates that the composition of the microbiota has influence on behaviour through neuroendocrine and other neuroactive messengers production by the bacteria within the gut lumen. Studies in germ-free animals, animals exposed to bacterial infections, probiotic suplements or antibiotic drugs suggest a role for the gut microbiota in the regulation of anxiety, mood, cognition and pain. The gut microbiome has been implicated in brain disorders including anxiety and depression, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and autism.ConclusionsThe treatment of mental disorders is usually based on pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions, and little attention is given to dietary interventions. The emerging field of research focused on the human microbiome suggests an important role for the gut microbiota in influencing brain development, behaviour and mood in humans, and points new strategies for developing novel therapeutics for mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Inter- and intra-population genetic divergence of East Asian cattle populations: focusing on Korean cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailu Dadi ◽  
Seung-Hwan Lee ◽  
Seung Soo Lee ◽  
Chankyu Park ◽  
Kwan-Suk Kim
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Korean Cattle

Low diversity and high intra-island variation in prevalence of avian Haemoproteus parasites on Barbados, Lesser Antilles

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (10) ◽  
pp. 1121-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. MARIA ◽  
E. SVENSSON ◽  
ROBERT E. RICKLEFS
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasite ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Limited Sampling ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasites ◽  
Free Region ◽  
Host Genetic ◽  
Coereba Flaveola

SUMMARYCommon bird species were screened during May and June 2007 on Barbados for haemosporidian parasites (Haemosporida) of the genera Haemoproteus and Plasmodium to determine whether the low parasite diversity reported in previous studies might have reflected limited sampling. PCR screening and DNA sequencing revealed a single predominant lineage of Haemoproteus identified as H. coatneyi. Sixty-two out of 257 birds were infected with Haemoproteus spp. on Barbados in 2007. Fifty-nine of the infections were identified as H. coatneyi (lineage HC), the only lineage recovered in the previous study in 1993. Two of the infections recovered from the bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) were identified as Haemoproteus spp. (lineage HD), which is the prevalent haemosporidian parasite in C. flaveola on Grenada. We discuss the possibility of infrequent colonization events and absence of vectors as explanations for Barbados's low avian haemosporidian diversity. In our study, the parasites were absent from the southeast of the island, whereas they were abundant in several host species in the northwest. Accordingly, environmental and host population genetic differences were also investigated between the areas with and without parasites. No host genetic differences were found between the parasite-free and the parasite-afflicted regions. However, the parasite-free region is slightly warmer and drier, and it supports less vegetation than the parasite-afflicted region. The influence that this harsher environment may have on vector survival is discussed.

The Gut Microbiome, Obesity, and Weight Control in Women’s Reproductive Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1094-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Leigh Greathouse ◽  
Mary Ann Faucher ◽  
Marie Hastings-Tolsma
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Energy Extraction ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Offspring Health ◽  
The Brain

The microbes residing in the human gut, referred to as the microbiome, are intricately linked to energy homeostasis and subsequently obesity. Integral to the origins of obesity, the microbiome is believed to affect not only health of the human gut but also overall health. This microbiome–obesity association is mediated through the process of energy extraction, metabolism, and cross talk between the brain and the gut microbiome. Host exposures, including diet, that potentially modify genetic predisposition to obesity and affect weight management are reviewed. The higher prevalence of obesity among women and recent evidence linking obesity during pregnancy with offspring health make this topic particularly relevant. Current limitations in microbiome research to address obesity and future advances in this field are described. Applications of this science with respect to applied nursing and overall health care in general are included, with emphasis on the reproductive health of women and their offspring.

Dynamics of the Preterm Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain C Cuna ◽  
Michael J Morowitz ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
Shahid Umar ◽  
Venkatesh Sampath
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health And Disease

Advances in metagenomics have allowed a detailed study of the gut microbiome, and its role in human health and disease. Infants born prematurely possess a fragile gut microbial ecosystem that is vulnerable to perturbation. Alterations in the developing gut microbiome in preterm infants are linked to life-threatening diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and late onset sepsis; and may impact future risk of asthma, atopy, obesity, and psychosocial disease. In this mini review, we summarize recent literature on the origins and patterns of development of the preterm gut microbiome in the perinatal period. The host-microbiome-environmental factors that portend development of dysbiotic intestinal microbial patterns associated with NEC and sepsis are reviewed. Strategies to manipulate the microbiome and mitigate dysbiosis, including the use of probiotics and prebiotics will also be discussed. Finally, we explore the challenges and future directions of gut microbiome research in preterm infants.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Chemicals on the Gut Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Chiu ◽  
Genoa Warner ◽  
Romana A Nowak ◽  
Jodi A Flaws ◽  
Wenyan Mei
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Exogenous Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Since the surge of microbiome research in the last decade, many studies have provided insight into the causes and consequences of changes in the gut microbiota. Among the multiple factors involved in regulating the microbiome, exogenous factors such as diet and environmental chemicals have been shown to alter the gut microbiome significantly. Although diet substantially contributes to changes in the gut microbiome, environmental chemicals are major contaminants in our food and are often overlooked. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on major classes of environmental chemicals (bisphenols, phthalates, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, and pesticides) and their impact on the gut microbiome, which includes alterations in microbial composition, gene expression, function, and health effects in the host. We then discuss health-related implications of gut microbial changes, which include changes in metabolism, immunity, and neurological function.

scholarly journals Evidence supporting the microbiota–gut–brain axis in a songbird

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 20200430
Author(s):  
Morgan C. Slevin ◽  
Jennifer L. Houtz ◽  
David J. Bradshaw ◽  
Rindy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Cloacal Swab ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Host Development

Recent research in mammals supports a link between cognitive ability and the gut microbiome, but little is known about this relationship in other taxa. In a captive population of 38 zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ), we quantified performance on cognitive tasks measuring learning and memory. We sampled the gut microbiome via cloacal swab and quantified bacterial alpha and beta diversity. Performance on cognitive tasks related to beta diversity but not alpha diversity. We then identified differentially abundant genera influential in the beta diversity differences among cognitive performance categories. Though correlational, this study provides some of the first evidence of an avian microbiota–gut–brain axis, building foundations for future microbiome research in wild populations and during host development.

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