scholarly journals Creating a Virtual Test Bed Using a Dynamic Engine Model with Integrated Controls to Support in-the-Loop Hardware and Software Optimization and Calibration

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 652
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mirzaeian ◽  
Simon Langridge
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Correct Prediction ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Engine Model

In the current study, a 0D/1D engine model built in the commercial code GT-Suite was coupled with the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) model created in the Simulink environment, aiming to more accurately predict the interaction of the engine and aftertreatment system (ATS) operating parameters, both during steady-state and transient maneuvers. After a detailed validation based on extensive experimental data from a heavy-duty commercial diesel Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), the engine model was fine-tuned and the 0D predictive diesel combustion model, DIPulse, was calibrated to best predict the combustion process, including engine-out NOx emissions. For correct prediction of the engine’s behavior in transient operations, the complete control strategy of the air path, including boost, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), main and pilot Start of Injection (SOI), injection pressure, and exhaust flap, was implemented in the Simulink environment. To demonstrate the predictive capability of the model, a hot World Harmonized Transient Cycle (WHTC) was simulated, obtaining good agreement with the experimental data both in terms of emissions and performance parameters, confirming the reliability of the proposed approach. Finally, a case study on possible fuel consumption improvement through thermal insulation of the exhaust manifold, exhaust ports, and turbocharger was carried out.

Review of the Investigation of Fuel-Air Premixing and Combustion Process Using Rapid Compression Machine and Direct Visualization System

2013 ◽  
Vol 465-466 ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Jaat ◽  
Amir Khalid ◽  
Bukhari Manshoor ◽  
Siti Mariam Basharie ◽  
Him Ramsy
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Rapid Compression Machine ◽  
Mixture Formation ◽  
Visualization System ◽  
Optical Visualization ◽  
Rapid Compression

s :This paper reviews of some applications of optical visualization system to compute the fuel-air mixing process during early stage of mixture formation and late injection in Diesel Combustion Engine. This review has shown that the mixture formation is controlled by the characteristics of the injection systems, the nature of the air swirl and turbulence in thecylinder, and spray characteristics. Few experimental works have been investigated and found that the effects of injection pressure and swirl ratio have a great effect on the mixture formation then affects to the flame development and combustion characteristics.This paper presents the significance of spray and combustion study with optical techniques access rapid compression machine that have been reported by previous researchers. Experimental results are presentedin order to provide in depth knowledge as assistance to readers interested in this research area. Analysis of flame motion and flame intensity in the combustion chamber was performed using high speed direct photographs and image analysis technique. The application of these methods to the investigation of diesel sprays highlights mechanisms which provide a better understanding of spray and combustion characteristics.

A Control Oriented SI and HCCI Hybrid Combustion Model for Internal Combustion Engines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Yang ◽  
Guoming G. Zhu ◽  
Zongxuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Zone Model ◽  
Transient Control

The combustion mode transition between SI (spark ignited) and HCCI (Homogeneously Charged Compression Ignition) of an IC (Internal Combustion) engine is challenge due to the thermo inertia of residue gas; and model-based control becomes a necessity. This paper presents a control oriented two-zone model to describe the hybrid combustion that starts with SI combustion and ends with HCCI combustion. The gas respiration dynamics were modeled using mean-value approach and the combustion process was modeled using crank resolved method. The developed model was validated in an HIL (Hardware-In-the-Loop) simulation environment for both steady-state and transient operations in SI, HCCI, and SI-HCCI hybrid combustion modes through the exhaust valve timing control (recompression). Furthermore, cooled external EGR (exhaust gas re-circulation) was used to suppress engine knock and enhance the fuel efficiency. The simulation results also illustrates that the transient control parameters of hybrid combustion is quite different from these in steady state operation, indicating the need of a control oriented SI-HCCI hybrid combustion model for transient combustion control.

Impact of Flame Stretch and Heat Loss on Heat Release Distributions in Gas Turbine Combustors: Model Comparison and Validation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Klarmann ◽  
Thomas Sattelmayer ◽  
Weiqun Geng ◽  
Benjamin Timo Zoller ◽  
Fulvio Magni
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Model Comparison ◽  
Turbulent Flame ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Combustion Models ◽  
Flamelet Generated Manifold ◽  
Flame Stretch

The work presented in this paper comprises the application of an extension for the Flamelet Generated Manifold model which allows to consider elevated flame stretch rates and heat loss. This approach does not require further table dimensions. Hence, the numerical overhead is negligible, preserving the industrial applicability. A validation is performed in which stretch and heat loss dependent distributions are obtained from the combustion model to compare them to experimental data from an atmospheric single burner test rig operating at lean conditions. The reaction mechanism is extended by OH*-kinetics which allows the comparison of numerical OH*-concentrations with experimentally obtained OH*-chemiluminescence. Improvement compared to the Flamelet Generated Manifold model without extension regarding the shape and position of the turbulent flame brush can be shown and are substantiated by the validation of species distributions which better fit the experimental in situ measurements when the extension is used. These improvements are mandatory to enable subsequent modeling of emissions or thermoacoustics where high accuracy is required. In addition to the validation, a qualitative comparison of further combustion models is performed in which the experimental data serve as a benchmark to evaluate the accuracy. Most combustion models typically simplify the combustion process as flame stretch or non-adiabatic effects are not captured. It turns out that the tested combustion models show improvement when stretch or heat loss is considered by model corrections. However, satisfactory results could only be achieved by considering both effects employing the extension for the Flamelet Generated Manifold model.

Experimental Study of a Hydrogen-Fueled Engine

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sierens ◽  
S. Verhelst
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The Laboratory of Transport Technology (Ghent University) converted a GM/Crusader V-8 engine for hydrogen use. The engine is intended for the propulsion of a midsize hydrogen city bus for public demonstration. For a complete control of the combustion process and to increase the resistance to backfire (explosion of the air–fuel mixture in the intake manifold), a sequential timed multipoint injection of hydrogen and an electronic management system is chosen. The results as a function of the engine parameters (ignition timing, injection timing and duration, injection pressure) are given. Special focus is given to topics related to the use of hydrogen as a fuel: ignition characteristics (importance of electrode distance), quality of the lubricating oil (crankcase gases with high contents of hydrogen), oxygen sensors (very lean operating conditions), and noise reduction (configuration and length of intake pipes). The advantages and disadvantages of a power regulation only by the air-to-fuel ratio (as for diesel engines) against a throttle regulation (normal gasoline or gas regulation) are examined. Finally, the goals of the development of the engine are reached: power output of 90 kW, torque of 300 Nm, extremely low emission levels, and backfire-safe operation.

A Simulation Study Quantifying the Effects of Drive Cycle Characteristics on the Performance of a Pneumatic Hybrid Bus

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasa Trajkovic ◽  
Per Tunesta˚l ◽  
Bengt Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
New York ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Cycle Simulation ◽  
Hybrid Bus ◽  
Engine Testing

In the study presented in this paper, the effect of different vehicle driving cycles on the pneumatic hybrid has been investigated. The pneumatic hybrid powertrain has been modeled in GT-Power and validated against experimental data. The GT-Power engine model has been linked with a MATLAB/simulink vehicle model. The engine in question is a single-cylinder Scania D12 diesel engine, which has been converted to work as a pneumatic hybrid. The base engine model, provided by Scania, is made in GT-power and it is based on the same engine configuration as the one used in real engine testing. Earlier studies have shown a great reduction in fuel consumption with the pneumatic hybrid compared to conventional vehicles of today. However, most of these studies have been completely of theoretical nature. In this paper, the engine model is based on and verified against experimental data, and therefore more realistic results can be expected. The intent with the vehicle driving cycle simulation is to investigate the potential of a pneumatic hybrid bus regarding reduction in fuel consumption (FC) compared to a traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) powered bus. The results show that the improvement in fuel economy due to pneumatic hybridization varies heavily with choice of drive cycle. The New York bus drive cycle shows a reduction of up to 58% for the pneumatic hybrid while the FIGE drive cycle only shows a reduction of 8%. What all cycles have in common is that the main part of the fuel consumption reduction comes from the start/stop-functionality, while regenerative braking only account for a modest part of up to about 12% of the fuel consumption. The results also show that the optimal pressure tank volume varies with drive cycles, ranging from 60 to over 500 liters.

Fuel Consumption and Emissions in Transient Operation During Ship Maneuvering

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Dahms ◽  
Michael Reska ◽  
Marko Püschel ◽  
Jürgen Nocke ◽  
Egon Hassel
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Transient Operation ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Ship Maneuvering ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Chemical Reaction Kinetics

The following article details a method for the optimization and improved use of the internal combustion engine as main propulsion. The focus here is not on new propulsion systems or combustion processes, but on the characterization of the typical usage of existing systems in order to enable better utilization. As one major potential for improvement, the transient machinery operation is examined and discussed in this article. Higher fuel consumption and higher emissions occur compared with stationary engine operation in that operation mode. Experimental data from test bed (“Caterpillar MaK 6M20”) measurements are presented which explain the consequences of transient operation. Furthermore, appropriate analyzing methods to evaluate this operation mode are shown. Finally, a modelling approach is presented using the data for calibration and validation of an engine simulation model. The most significant part to predict real transient efficiency and emissions is the in-cylinder process and especially its combustion process. Therefore, the simulation model does not use engine maps but a mostly physically based engine model by using thermodynamic approaches and chemical reaction kinetics. The specific application of that simulation model for four-stroke medium-speed engines covers the behavior of transient operation during ship maneuverings since it is developed for integration into a ship engine simulator.

scholarly journals Evaluation of mixture swirl in the cylinder chamber in a conceptual system with combustion surrounded by inactive gases

2018 ◽  
Vol 175 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Wojciech CIEŚLIK ◽  
Ireneusz PIELECHA
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Combustible Mixture ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Advanced Analysis

Internal combustion engines have seen a reduction of the dynamics of their efficiency growth in recent years. All kinds of new modifications and changes introduced in this field can only manage changes of engine efficiency at the level of a fraction of a percent. Considering the concept of unification of SI and CI internal combustion engine structures, one can expect to see their efficiency increase by the reduction of losses, whose causes and occurrence is commonly known. The improvement of the combustion system is mainly related to the reduction of thermal losses generated in this process. Therefore, the current issue is the advanced analysis of any possibilities of improving the combustion conditions and more fully understanding the processes that accompany them. The authors of the article see such a possibility in the conceptual control of the combustion process, which aims to obtain a combustible mixture surrounded by nonflammable gases. This way the flame contact with the cylinder walls is limited, which should in turn contribute to reducing the heat exchange with the walls. This research is a continuation of previous research work; current work focuses on determining the actual distribution of gases in the combustion chamber using the advanced shadow photography method. The article specifies the effect of nonflammable gas injection pressure increase on the area of the boundary layer formed between the non-flammable gases and cylinder walls.

A Comprehensive Fuel Spray Model for High Pressure Fuel Injectors

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald J. Micklow ◽  
Krishna Ankem ◽  
Tarek Abdel-Salam
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Fuel Injectors

Understanding the physics and chemistry involved in spray combustion, with its transient effects and the inhomogeneity of the spray is quite challenging. For efficient operation of both internal combustion and gas turbine engines, great insight into the physics of the problem can be obtained when a computational analysis is used in conjunction with either an experimental program or through published experimental data. The main area to be investigated to obtain good combustion begins with the fuel injection process and an accurate description of the mean diameter of the fuel particle, injection pressure, drag coefficient, rate shaping etc must be defined correctly. This work presents a methodology to perform the task set out in the previous paragraph and uses experimental data obtained from available literature to construct a semi-empirical numerical model for high pressure fuel injectors. A modified version of a multidimensional computer code called KIVA3V was used for the computations, with improved sub-models for mean droplet diameter, injection pressure, injection velocity, and drop distortion and drag. The results achieved show good agreement with the published in-cylinder experimental data for a Volkswagen 1.9 L turbo-charged direct injection internal combustion engine under actual operating conditions. It is crucial to model the spray distribution accurately, as the combustion process and the resulting temperature distribution and pollutant emission formation is intimately tied to the in-cylinder fuel distribution. The present scheme has achieved excellent agreement with published experimental data and will make an important contribution to the numerical simulation of the combustion process and pollutant emission formation in compression ignition direct injection engines and gas turbine engines.

Characteristic Analysis in Combustion Process of Marine Dual Fuel Engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 465-468
Author(s):  
Ping Qu ◽  
Hong Liang Yu ◽  
Feng Bo Zhang ◽  
Wen Juan Zhao ◽  
Feng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Dual Fuel Engines

Currently, the research of marine dual fuel engine is rare, while the combustion process of marine dual fuel engine is no precise conclusion. This paper built a combustion model of dual fuel engine by AVL FIRE software, and compared experimental data to prove the accuracy of the model, analyzed the characteristics in combustion process of marine dual fuel engines, provided a theoretical basis for the further optimize and design of marine dual fuel engine.

scholarly journals Assessment of radiative heat transfer impact on a temperature distribution inside a real industrial swirled furnace

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (6 Part A) ◽  
pp. 3663-3672
Author(s):  
Filip Juric ◽  
Milan Vujanovic ◽  
Marija Zivic ◽  
Mario Holik ◽  
Xuebin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Radiative Heat Transfer ◽  
Radiative Heat ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Combustion Model ◽  
Discrete Ordinates ◽  
Participating Media ◽  
Combustion Systems

Combustion systems will continue to share a portion in energy sectors along the cur-rent energy transition, and therefore the attention is still given to the further improvements of their energy efficiency. Modern research and development processes of combustion systems are improbable without the usage of predictive numerical tools such as CFD. The radiative heat transfer in participating media is modelled in this work with discrete transfer radiative method (DTRM) and discrete ordinates method (DOM) by finite volume discretisation, in order to predict heat transfer inside combustion chamber accurately. The DTRM trace the rays in different directions from each face of the generated mesh. At the same time, DOM is described with the angle discretisation, where for each spatial angle the radiative transport equation needs to be solved. In combination with the steady combustion model in AVL FIRE? CFD code, both models are applied for computation of temperature distribution in a real oil-fired industrial furnace for which the experimental results are available. For calculation of the absorption coefficient in both models weighted sum of grey gasses model is used. The focus of this work is to estimate radiative heat transfer with DTRM and DOM models and to validate obtained results against experimental data and calculations without radiative heat transfer, where approximately 25% higher temperatures are achieved. The validation results showed good agreement with the experimental data with a better prediction of the DOM model in the temperature trend near the furnace outlet. Both radiation modelling approaches show capability for the computation of radiative heat transfer in participating media on a complex validation case of the combustion process in oil-fired furnace.

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