scholarly journals Technical Loss Calculation in Distribution Grids Using Equivalent Minimum Order Networks and an Iterative Power Factor Correction Procedure

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Moreira Rodrigues ◽  
Maria Emilia de Lima Tostes ◽  
Ubiratan Holanda Bezerra ◽  
Thiago Mota Soares ◽  
Edson Ortiz de Matos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Minimum Order ◽  
Electrical Distribution ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Energy Billing

Energy losses are a fundamental issue in the electricity distribution sector, being an inevitable consequence of transporting energy from supplying sources to consumers’ installations and are becoming one of the factors to be considered in planning and operation of electrical distribution networks. So, electrical distribution losses must be continuously monitored so that they are kept within acceptable levels to ensure the business profitability as well as the good power quality of supplied energy. In this context, this work introduces a modified methodology for technical losses calculation with the application of the concept of reduced equivalent networks, via definition of an Equivalent Operational Impedance, taking as a starting point the electrical network modeling in the Open Distribution System Simulator (OpenDSS). The losses calculation also considers customer’s energy billing measurement data, measurements of injected energy and power factor at the feeder’s coupling bus at the substation, also considering measurement campaigns to characterize the load consumption profiles for working days, Saturdays and Sundays. The proposed methodology disaggregates energy injections in billed energy, technical and non-technical losses parcels, and presents, as the results have demonstrated, a good precision in the proposed calculation procedures.

scholarly journals Study of statistical data on the composition of electric distribution networks on the example of a Kaluga region district

2020 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
V.E. Bolshev ◽  
A.V. Vinogradov ◽  
A.V. Vinogradova ◽  
A.V. Bukreev ◽  
S.R. Khasanov
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Electrical Distribution ◽  
Electrical Distribution Networks ◽  
Kaluga Region

Sustainable operation of the power grid complex is impossible without reliable and high-quality operation of 10/0.4 kV electrical distribution networks, which are the final link in the system for providing consumers with electric energy and are in direct interaction with a specific consumer. The study of statistical information on the composition of distribution networks makes it possible to draw conclusions about electrical network state, to implement recommendations for their development and to compare distribution electrical networks in different regions. This information is especially relevant for analyzing the reliability of power supply to consumers connected to the considered electrical distribution networks. Such indicators of network structure as the length of electric transmission lines of different voltages and power transmission schemes are studied. It also analyzes the number of damages in networks, the causes of these damages, data on the time of planned and emergency outages. This paper considers the structure of 10/0.4 kV electrical distribution networks located on the territory of one of the districts of the Kaluga region. The sample for distribution networks was: 1190 overhead transmission lines and 536 transformer substations. Consumers in the district are 21671 subscribers of individuals and 1986 subscribers of legal entities, that is, a total of 23657 metering points. On the lines of 0.4 kV and 10 kV, the percentage of their isolated design was revealed. The share of single-transformer and two-transformer versions of transformer substations is analyzed.

scholarly journals Optimal Routing an Ungrounded Electrical Distribution System Based on Heuristic Method with Micro Grids Integration

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Pavón ◽  
Esteban Inga ◽  
Silvio Simani
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Optimal Routing ◽  
Electrical Distribution ◽  
Electrical Distribution Network

This paper proposes a three-layer model to find the optimal routing of an underground electrical distribution system, employing the PRIM algorithm as a graph search heuristic. In the algorithm, the first layer handles transformer allocation and medium voltage network routing, the second layer deploys the low voltage network routing and transformer sizing, while the third presents a method to allocate distributed energy resources in an electric distribution system. The proposed algorithm routes an electrical distribution network in a georeferenced area, taking into account the characteristics of the terrain, such as streets or intersections, and scenarios without squared streets. Moreover, the algorithm copes with scalability characteristics, allowing the addition of loads with time. The model analysis discovers that the algorithm reaches a node connectivity of 100%, satisfies the planned distance constraints, and accomplishes the optimal solution of underground routing in a distribution electrical network applied in a georeferenced area. Simulating the electrical distribution network tests that the voltage drop is less than 2% in the farthest node.

scholarly journals A Simplified Analytical Approach for Optimal Planning of Distributed Generation in Electrical Distribution Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaser A. Sa’ed ◽  
Mohammad Amer ◽  
Ahmed Bodair ◽  
Ahmad Baransi ◽  
Salvatore Favuzza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Accurate Solution ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
High Loss ◽  
Electrical Distribution ◽  
Electrical Distribution Networks

DG-integrated distribution system planning is an imperative issue since the installing of distributed generations (DGs) has many effects on the network operation characteristics, which might cause significant impacts on the system performance. One of the most important characteristics that mostly varies because of the installation of DG units is the power losses. The parameters affecting the value of the power losses are number, location, capacity, and power factor of the DG units. In this paper, a new analytical approach is proposed for optimally installing DGs to minimize power loss in distribution networks. Different parameters of DG are considered and evaluated in order to achieve a high loss reduction in the electrical distribution networks. The algorithm of the proposed approach has been implemented using MATLAB software and has been tested and investigated on 12-bus, 33-bus, and 69-bus IEEE distribution test systems. The results show that the proposed approach can provide an accurate solution via simple algorithm without using exhaustive process of power flow computations.

scholarly journals Quasi-Dynamic Analysis of a Local Distribution System with Distributed Generation. Study Case: The IEEE 13 Node System

TecnoLógicas ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (46) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Gaitán ◽  
Juan David Gómez ◽  
Edwin Rivas-Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Local Distribution ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
The Impact

Distributed generation is one of the most accepted strategies to attend the increase in electrical demand around the world. Since 2014, Colombian government agencies have enacted laws and resolutions to promote and regulate the introduction of different generation technologies into the country’s electrical system. The incorporation of distributed generation systems into conventional distribution networks can cause problems if technical studies are not previously carried out to determine the consequences of the start of the operations of these new generation technologies. This scenario represents a new challenge for distribution networks operators because they must ensure that their systems can integrate these new generation sources without affecting the correct operation of the grid. In this article, the IEEE 13 nodes system is modified by incorporating the load curves of the three types of consumers in the Colombian electricity market into the model. Additionally, distributed generation systems from non-conventional sources of energy are integrated into two system nodes in order to perform a quasi-dynamic analysis of the different electrical variables, which can be used to determine the impact of these new technologies on a local distribution system. The voltage profiles and active and reactive power do not show considerable changes in the behavior of the electrical network; however, in the simulation scenarios where distributed generators are operating, the system exhibits a considerable increase in lines losses. There are two alternatives to manage these unusual levels in the operation of the nodes with distributed generation: (1) operating these new DG nodes in islanded mode or (2) strengthening the local distribution system through the implementation of new distribution lines in the network.

scholarly journals Allocation of PV unit in Distribution Network using Analytical Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1200-1207
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Selection Of

Inappropriate selection of location and corresponding size of Distributed Generator (DGs) in electrical network may have increased power losses in the system. Application of incorporating DG in system has eased the problem of high power losses, voltage stability, low reliability and poor power quality. This paper suggests a simple and efficient load flow technique known as direct load flow method to find the optimal allocation of Type-3 DG in the distribution system. The presented method was developed and tested in two distribution networks with varying size and complexities and the effect of size and location of DG with respect to real power losses while maintaining the voltage profile of system within limits is examined with verification and discussed in detail.

Toward an Integrated Approach of HV and MV Circuit-Breakers Optimization Maintenance Planning and Reliability Assessment: A Case Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 133-153
Author(s):  
Morad Mahmoudi ◽  
Abdellah El Barkany ◽  
Ahmed El Khalfi
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Optimal Schedule ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Condition Based Maintenance ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Maintenance Planning ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Electrical Distribution

This paper investigates technical and organizational tools to improve maintenance planning performances. Indeed, maintaining a high level of reliability and availability of a Medium Voltage electrical network protection system such as the Medium Voltage and High Voltage circuit-breaker and its numerical protection relay at a low operating expenses cost is one of the most critical and challenging tasks for MV electrical distribution network operators. This work has mainly two goals. Firstly, to propose an operating expenses budget function that evaluates the Planned Scheduled Preventive Maintenance Policy combined with a Condition-based maintenance fora real series-parallel multi-assets MV electrical distribution system with active redundancy under the reliability and the maintenance frequency visits of these components. Secondly, to implement an integrated genetic algorithm approach in order to look for the optimal perfect and planned preventive maintenance scheduling policy and condition-based maintenance that minimizes the maximum operating expenses cost of the entire system.The method determines the optimal schedule of preventive maintenance actions based on minimization both reliabilty and operating expenses costs. Conclusions and recommendations for practice are made on the basis of obtained results.

scholarly journals Application of PSO for optimal coordination of directional over-current relays in distribution system with distributed renewable energy sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Lazhar Bougouffa ◽  
Abdelaziz Chaghi
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Optimal Coordination

<p>The use of Distributed Renewable Energy Sources in the electrical network has expanded greatly. But, integration of these resources into distribution systems caused more problems in protection related issues such as mis-coordination, and changes the direction and value of fault currents. When connecting new D-RES to electrical power distribution networks, it is required to re-coordinate Directional Over-CurrentRelays (DOC-Relays) to ensure the continuity of the power transmission when the short circuits take place. This work presented a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine two independent variables called Pickup current (Ip) and Time Dial Setting (TDS) for optimal setting of relays. From analysis result, the impacts of RES location in the distribution system on DOCRs had been observed on the optimal relays settings</p>

scholarly journals Implementation of a decentralized real-time management system for electrical distribution networks using the internet of things in smart grids

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1142-1153
Author(s):  
Anass Lekbich ◽  
Abdelaziz Belfqih ◽  
Chaimae Zedak ◽  
Jamal Boukherouaa ◽  
F. Elmariami
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Management System ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Electrical Distribution ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Intelligent management of the electrical network is the implementation of an integrated system based on a reliable and secure communication architecture for transmitting end-to-end information between the equipment and the management system. The main objective of this work is to develop an intelligent telecontrol solution for the electrical distribution network combining communication techniques and an intelligent reconfiguration strategy. The solution is based on a graphic model and a secure communication architecture using the internet of things to ensure flexibility in terms of management of the intelligent network. This intelligent multi-criteria solution uses a secure communication architecture and the MQTT protocol to ensure system interoperability and security. The tests were carried out on the IEEE 33 bus network and consequently, an optimization of the losses and a clear improvement in the nodal voltage were recorded despite the variation of the electric charge. 

scholarly journals Capacity reliability of water distribution systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vaabel ◽  
T. Koppel ◽  
L. Ainola ◽  
L. Sarv
Keyword(s):  
Power Factor ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Power Capacity ◽  
Hydraulic Power ◽  
Reliability Indicator ◽  
S Factor ◽  
Surplus Power

Hydraulic power capacity of the water distribution network (WDN) is analyzed, and energetically maximum flows in pipes and networks are determined. The concept of hydraulic power for the analysis of WDN characteristics is presented. Hydraulic power capacity characterizes the WDN capacity to meet pressure and flow demands. A capacity reliability indicator called the surplus power factor is introduced for individual transmission pipes and for distribution networks. The surplus power factor s that characterizes the reliability of the hydraulic system can be used along with other measures developed to quantify the hydraulic reliability of water networks. The coefficient of the hydraulic efficiency ηn of the network is defined. A water distribution system in service is analyzed to demonstrate the s and ηn values in the water network in service under different demand conditions. In order to calculate the s factor for WDNs, a network resistance coefficient C was determined. The coefficient C characterizes overall head losses in water pipelines and is a basis for the s factor calculation. This paper presents a theoretical approach to determine the coefficient C through matrix equations.

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