scholarly journals Road Test-Based Electric Bus Selection: A Case Study of the Nanjing Bus Company

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
Jian Gong ◽  
Jie He ◽  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
Mark King ◽  
Xintong Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Road Test ◽  
The Road ◽  
Structure Selection ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Globally, the use of electric vehicles, and in particular the use of electric buses, has been increasing. The city of Nanjing leads China in the adoption of electric buses, supported by city policies and infrastructure. To lower costs and provide a better service, vehicle selection is crucial, however, existing selection methods are limited. Accordingly, Nanjing Bus Company developed a test method based on road tests to select a bus. This paper presents a detailed description of the test method and a case study of its application. The method included an organization structure, selection of eight test vehicles (four 10 m length, four 8 m length) from four brands (a total of 32 test vehicles), selection of indicators and selection of routes. Data was collected from repeated drives by 65 drivers over an 8-week period. Indicators included power consumption, charging duration, failure duration and driving distance. It is concluded that the road test method designed and conducted by the Nanjing Bus Company provides a good framework for the selection of pure electric buses. Furthermore, subsequent experience with selected buses supports the validity and value of the model.

scholarly journals Scenario Analyses of Exhaust Emissions Reduction through the Introduction of Electric Vehicles into the City

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Marianna Jacyna ◽  
Renata Żochowska ◽  
Aleksander Sobota ◽  
Mariusz Wasiak
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

In recent years, policymakers of urban agglomerations in various regions of the world have been striving to reduce environmental pollution from harmful exhaust and noise emissions. Restrictions on conventional vehicles entering the inner city are being introduced and the introduction of low-emission measures, including electric ones, is being promoted. This paper presents a method for scenario analysis applied to study the reduction of exhaust emissions by introducing electric vehicles in a selected city. The original scenario analyses relating to real problems faced by contemporary metropolitan areas are based on the VISUM tool (PTV Headquarters for Europe: PTV Planung Transport Verkehr AG, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany). For the case study, the transport model of the city of Bielsko-Biala (Poland) was used to conduct experiments with different forms of participation of electric vehicles on the one hand and traffic restrictions for high emission vehicles on the other hand. Scenario analyses were conducted for various constraint options including inbound, outbound, and through traffic. Travel time for specific transport relations and the volume of harmful emissions were used as criteria for evaluating scenarios of limited accessibility to city zones for selected types of vehicles. The comparative analyses carried out showed that the introduction of electric vehicles in the inner city resulted in a significant reduction in the emission of harmful exhaust compounds and, consequently, in an increase in the area of clean air in the city. The case study and its results provide some valuable insights and may guide decision-makers in their actions to introduce both driving ban restrictions for high-emission vehicles and incentives for the use of electric vehicles for city residents.

scholarly journals Carnavalesk taalgebruik en de constructie van lokale identiteiten

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie M.E.A. Cornips ◽  
Vincent de Rooij ◽  
Irene Stengs
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Norms And Values ◽  
Southern Netherlands ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

This article aims to encourage the interdisciplinary study of ‘languaculture,’ an approach to language and culture in which ideology, linguistic and cultural forms, as well as praxis are studied in relation to one another. An integrated analysis of the selection of linguistic and cultural elements provides insight into how these choices arise from internalized norms and values, and how people position themselves toward received categories and hegemonic ideologies. An interdisciplinary approach will stimulate a rethinking of established concepts and methods of research. It will also lead to a mutual strengthening of linguistic, sociolinguistic, and anthropological research. This contribution focuses on Limburg and the linguistic political context of this Southern-Netherlands region where people are strongly aware of their linguistic distinctiveness. The argument of the paper is based on a case study of languaculture, viz. the carnivalesque song ‘Naar Talia’ (To Italy) by the Getske Boys from the city of Heerlen.

An Integrated Methodology for Evaluation of Electric Vehicles Under Sustainable Automotive Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapas Kumar Biswas ◽  
Željko Stević ◽  
Prasenjit Chatterjee ◽  
Morteza Yazdani
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Compromise Solution ◽  
Holistic Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Criteria Importance ◽  
Assessment Problems ◽  
Selection Of

In this chapter, a holistic model based on a newly developed combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method for selection of battery-operated electric vehicles (BEVs) has been propounded. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to verify the robustness of the proposed model. Performance of the proposed model has also been compared with some of the popular MCDM methods. It is observed that the model has the competency of precisely ranking the BEV alternatives for the considered case study and can be applied to other sustainability assessment problems.

scholarly journals Analysis of Battery Reduction for an Improved Opportunistic Wireless-Charged Electric Bus

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2866
Author(s):  
Andong Yin ◽  
Shenchun Wu ◽  
Weihan Li ◽  
Jinfang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operation Cost

As an attractive alternative to the traditional plug-in charged electric vehicles (EVs), wireless-charged EVs have recently been in the spotlight. Opportunistically charged utilizing the wireless-charging infrastructure installed under the road at bus stops, an electric bus can have a smaller and lighter battery pack. In this paper, an improved opportunistic wireless-charging system (OWCS) for electric bus is introduced, which includes the opportunistic stationary wireless-charging system (OSWCS) and opportunistic hybrid wireless-charging system (OHWCS) consisting of stationary wireless-charging and dynamic wireless-charging. A general battery reduction model is established for the opportunistic wireless-charged electric bus (OWCEB). Two different battery-reduction models are built separately for OWCEB on account of the characteristics of OSWCS and OHWCS. Additionally, the cost saving models including the production cost saving, the operation cost saving and total cost saving are established. Then, the mathematical models are demonstrated with a numerical example intuitively. Furthermore, we analyze several parameters that influence the effectiveness of battery reduction due to the application of an opportunistic wireless-charging system on an electric bus. Finally, some points worth discussing in this work are performed.

scholarly journals Strategies for the Development of Smart Cities: The Case of Kalampaka-Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Christos Stamopoulos ◽  
Eleni Theodoropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Construction Strategies ◽  
The City ◽  
Simple Selection ◽  
Selection Of

The present paper investigates the characteristics and best construction strategies of smart cities around the world, as well as the determining factors of the satisfaction of the quality of life and the importance of the value of environmental sustainability. A case study of the city of Kalampaka and its residents was examined. The survey was conducted between July 2016 and August 2016. The selection of the sample was done by using the method of simple selection and includes a random sample of N=150 individuals. Statistical analysis showed that resident’s knowledge about smart cities was fairly good (48% of sample knew the phrase “smart cities”). Furthermore, they believe that the appearance of the city of Kalampaka needs improvement (75% of sample is disappointed with the current appearance of the city). Regression analysis showed that the value of environmental sustainability is greatly influenced by the energy saving, as well as, innovation has an impact on the level of quality of life. Older people seem to be satisfied with administration’s efforts.

scholarly journals Normalization and variant assessment methods in selection of road alignment variants – case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 510-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wladyslaw GARDZIEJCZYK ◽  
Piotr ZABICKI
Keyword(s):  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
The Road ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Normalization Methods ◽  
The Town ◽  
Variant Assessment ◽  
Selection Of

The choice of the most beneficial road alignment variant is a multicriteria issue, based on transport, economic, social and environmental criteria. The criteria chosen for a multicriteria analysis can be expressed through measurable or immeasurable parameters. In order to compare and assess the variants it is necessary to normalize the criteria, which means a rescaling of their value, so that the criteria values fall into a specific range. The main aim of normalization is to assign an identical weight to each criterion in relation to other criteria. This article presents a review of the influence of criteria normalization methods and the variant assessment methods on the choice of the most beneficial road alignment variant on the example of the bypass of the town of Księżyno, which is a stretch of Regional Road 678 near Bialystok. Four variants of road alignment were compared and their ranking was created using six assessment methods. It was proven that the choices of the criteria normalization method as well as the variant assessment method both have signifi­cant influence on the result of the multicriteria analysis in the decision-making process of selecting the road alignment.

scholarly journals KYBURZ Small Electric Vehicles: A Case Study in Successful Deployment

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Erik Wilhelm ◽  
Wilfried Hahn ◽  
Martin Kyburz
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Fleet Management ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
The Road ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
The World ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Primary Focus

AbstractThis paper is written from the perspective of a Swiss OEM which has been active in the small electric vehicle (SEV) market since 1991 and has put over 22,000 SEVs on the road around the world. KYBURZ Switzerland AG identified several important niche markets for SEVs and today sells vehicles to improve the mobility of senior citizens (e.g. KYBURZ Plus), to increase the efficiency of postal and logistics companies (e.g., KYBURZ DXP), and to imbue drivers with passion for electric vehicles (e.g., KYBURZ eRod). Most KYBURZ vehicles are currently homologated in the category L2e, L6e, or L7e. The company has also developed a Fleet Management product which gives its customers detailed insights into the performance of their electric as well as conventionally powered vehicles. Anonymized datasets from this Fleet Management system will be drawn upon in this paper to examine questions regarding their application, i.e., environmental and economic aspects. The unique feature which the authors from KYBURZ bring with this paper is that all their investigations are performed with real data gained from the field experience. The primary focus of this paper is on last-mile mobility services for postal organizations which help to increase efficiency and meet sustainability goals.

scholarly journals Pulling Power from the Road

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (04) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Continuous Operation ◽  
Inductive Coupling ◽  
Underground Cables ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
The Road ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
On Line

This article presents an overview of charging technology called Shaped Magnetic Field in Resonance (SMFIR). It has been developed by a team of engineers and technologists at the Korea Advanced Institute for Science and Technology. An all-electric bus developed in Korea recharges its battery when it travels over electric coils buried at intervals along its route. The concept is called on-line electric vehicles, and the heart of OLEV technology is the transfer of enough electricity across gaps of up to 10 inches to power a fully loaded bus. Specifically, underground cables transfer power from the electrical grid to drive motors and on-board batteries via pickups beneath the OLEV bus bodies. The OLEV system wirelessly charges a bus, stopped or in motion, for continuous operation. SMFIR transfers rely on electromagnetic field resonance rather than inductive coupling. In SMFIR technology, the sending unit and the vehicle receiver resonate at 20,000 hertz.

scholarly journals Guests’ assessment of hotel facilities and services: Zadar case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Parzych ◽  
Jadranka Brkić-Vejmelka
Keyword(s):  
City Centre ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Comfort Evaluation ◽  
Location Determinants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The availability of hotel facilities and services and their quality are one of the most important factor in selection of a tourist destination. The aim of the article was to analyse the impact of hotel location factors, prices of hotel services and detailed assessments of hotel services provided by the hotel on the overall rating of the hotel. As a case study, Zadar – a city located in the northern part of the Dalmatian coast of Croatia – was used to analyse the problem. The location determinants of hotels and their equipment were assessed in relation to the price of accommodation and tourists’ evaluation of the basic components of hotel services. The analysis used data obtained from the Booking.com website for accommodation prices, including selected days of the high and low season, data on the number of opinions about the object and the rating of the object by guests in terms of the overall opinion about the object, its location conditions, the standard of services rendered, cleanliness, comfort, evaluation of staff work, access to Wi-Fi network and assessment of services rendered in relation to the price of the service. The obtained results indicate hotel location, especially its distance from the city centre, railway station and airport and evaluation of chosen elements of customers’ hotel evaluation are most significant determinants of choosing accommodation for tourists.

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