scholarly journals Influence of C3N4 Precursors on Photoelectrochemical Behavior of TiO2/C3N4 Photoanode for Solar Water Oxidation

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swetha S. M. Bhat ◽  
Sang Eon Jun ◽  
Sol A Lee ◽  
Tae Hyung Lee ◽  
Ho Won Jang
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Activity ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Response ◽  
Solar Water Oxidation ◽  
Redox Ability ◽  
2D Nanosheets

Photoelectrochemical water splitting is considered as a long-term solution for the ever-increasing energy demands. Various strategies have been employed to improve the traditional TiO2 photoanode. In this study, TiO2 nanorods were decorated by graphitic carbon nitride (C3N4) derived from different precursors such as thiourea, melamine, and a mixture of thiourea and melamine. Photoelectrochemical activity of TiO2/C3N4 photoanode can be modified by tuning the number of precursors used to synthesize C3N4. C3N4 derived from the mixture of melamine and thiourea in TiO2/C3N4 photoanode showed photocurrent density as high as 2.74 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE. C3N4 synthesized by thiourea showed particle-like morphology, while melamine and melamine with thiourea derived C3N4 yielded two dimensional (2D) nanosheets. Nanosheet-like C3N4 showed higher photoelectrochemical performance than that of particle-like nanostructures as specific surface area, and the redox ability of nanosheets are believed to be superior to particle-like nanostructures. TiO2/C3N4 displayed excellent photostability up to 20 h under continuous illumination. Thiourea plays an important role in enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2/C3N4. This study emphasizes the fact that the improved photoelectrochemical performance can be achieved by varying the precursors of C3N4 in TiO2/C3N4 heterojunction. This is the first report to show the influence of C3N4 precursors on photoelectrochemical performance in TiO2/C3N4 systems. This would pave the way to explore different precursors influence on C3N4 with respect to the photoelectrochemical response of TiO2/C3N4 heterojunction photoanode.

scholarly journals Photoelectrochemical Response of WO3/Nanoporous Carbon Anodes for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Gomis-Berenguer ◽  
Jesús Iniesta ◽  
David Fermín ◽  
Conchi Ania
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Carrier Transport ◽  
Hexagonal Phase ◽  
Nanoporous Carbon ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Nanoporous Carbons ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Activity ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Response ◽  
Carbon Anodes ◽  
The Impact

This work demonstrates the ability of nanoporous carbons to boost the photoelectrochemical activity of hexagonal and monoclinic WO3 towards water oxidation under irradiation. The impact of the carbonaceous phase was strongly dependent on the crystalline structure and morphology of the semiconductor, substantially increasing the activity of WO3 rods with hexagonal phase. The incorporation of increasing amounts of a nanoporous carbon of low functionalization to the WO3 electrodes improved the quantum yield of the reaction and also affected the dynamics of the charge transport, creating a percolation path for the majority carriers. The nanoporous carbon promotes the delocalization of the charge carriers through the graphitic layers. We discuss the incorporation of nanoporous carbons as an interesting strategy for improving the photoelectrochemical performance of nanostructured semiconductor photoelectrodes featuring hindered carrier transport.

Loading the FeNiOOH cocatalyst on Pt-modified hematite nanostructures for efficient solar water oxidation

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 10453-10458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiujun Deng ◽  
Xiaoxin Lv ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Binhua Zhao ◽  
Xuhui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Oxidation

A significant cathodic shift of the onset potential and an enhancement of the photocurrent density can be found in the FeNiOOH-decorated hematite photoanode.

Improved Photoelectrochemical Activity of CaFe2O4/BiVO4Heterojunction Photoanode by Reduced Surface Recombination in Solar Water Oxidation

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. 17762-17769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Sun Kim ◽  
Hyun Joon Kang ◽  
Ganesan Magesh ◽  
Jae Young Kim ◽  
Ji-Wook Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Surface Recombination ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Activity ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Oxidation ◽  
Reduced Surface

Inkjet Printing of Functionalized TiO2 Catalytic Layer for Water Oxidation Reaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 1776 ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Treekamol ◽  
D. Lehmann ◽  
M. Schieda ◽  
I. Herrmann-Geppert ◽  
T. Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Continuous Illumination ◽  
Catalytic Layer ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Catalyst Layers ◽  
Air Atmosphere

ABSTRACTOur investigations with silane-modified TiO2 have revealed a beneficial effect of functionalization on the photoelectrochemical performance on spin-coated electrodes. However, in order to produce large area photoelectrodes, a more scalable manufacturing technology is required. Inkjet printing can fulfil this role and furthermore allow a finer control over coating morphologies. In this work, inkjet-printed photoelectrodes were prepared with silane-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles, and investigated as electrodes for photoactivated water splitting. The catalyst layers, having thickness around 700 nm, were printed on FTO-coated glass supports, from cellulose stabilized dispersions. For comparison, electrodes of similar thicknesses were also prepared by spin-coating. After removing the stabilizer at 300 °C under air atmosphere, the electrodes were characterized in photoelectrochemical cells containing 0.5 M H2SO4 as electrolyte and a platinum ring as counter electrode. Under simulated sunlight, the best photocurrent densities for the oxygen evolution reaction were obtained for the inkjet-printed electrodes prepared with functionalized particles (up to 0.26 mA cm-2 at 1.2 V against the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), compared to 0.18 mA cm-2 for spin coated). Microscopy of the printed electrodes shows structurally homogenous coatings with evenly distributed roughness. Under continuous illumination at 0.7 V (SHE), the electrodes showed no significant drop in photocurrent within five hours.

scholarly journals NiFeOx decorated Ge-hematite/perovskite for an efficient water splitting system

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Yong Yoon ◽  
Juhyung Park ◽  
Minsu Jung ◽  
Sang-Geun Ji ◽  
Hosik Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Splitting ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Solar Water Splitting ◽  
Oxidation Performance ◽  
Oxide Substrate ◽  
Splitting System ◽  
Co Doped

AbstractTo boost the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance of hematite photoanodes, high temperature annealing has been widely applied to enhance crystallinity, to improve the interface between the hematite-substrate interface, and to introduce tin-dopants from the substrate. However, when using additional dopants, the interaction between the unintentional tin and intentional dopant is poorly understood. Here, using germanium, we investigate how tin diffusion affects overall photoelectrochemical performance in germanium:tin co-doped systems. After revealing that germanium is a better dopant than tin, we develop a facile germanium-doping method which suppresses tin diffusion from the fluorine doped tin oxide substrate, significantly improving hematite performance. The NiFeOx@Ge-PH photoanode shows a photocurrent density of 4.6 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE with a low turn-on voltage. After combining with a perovskite solar cell, our tandem system achieves 4.8% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency (3.9 mA cm−2 in NiFeOx@Ge-PH/perovskite solar water splitting system). Our work provides important insights on a promising diagnostic tool for future co-doping system design.

Surface engineering for an enhanced photoelectrochemical response of TiO2 nanotube arrays by simple surface air plasma treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (95) ◽  
pp. 16940-16943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Zhang ◽  
Siwen Cui ◽  
Bo Yu ◽  
Zhilu Liu ◽  
Daoai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Air Plasma ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Response ◽  
Air Plasma Treatment ◽  
Simple Surface

A simple method to improve the photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2 NTs by simple air plasma post-treatment is reported. The photocurrent density and IPCE are 3–4 times higher than that of the pristine TiO2 NTs even after six months.

scholarly journals Chemically Bonded N-PDI-P/WO3 Organic-Inorganic Heterojunction with Improved Photoelectrochemical Performance

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Cheng Feng ◽  
Xihong Mi ◽  
Dingwen Zhong ◽  
Weiming Zhang ◽  
Yongping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Water Oxidation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Film Surface ◽  
Photogenerated Electron ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital

The chemical bonding of bandgap adjustable organic semiconductors with inorganic semiconducting materials is effective in constructing a high-performance heterogeneous photoanode. In this study, a new asymmetric perylene diimide derivative molecule (N-PDI-P) was synthesized by connecting tert-butoxycarbonyl on an N-site at one end of a PDI molecule through methylene and connecting naphthalene directly onto the other end. This molecule was bonded onto the WO3 film surface, thereby forming the photoanode of organic-inorganic heterojunction. Under light illumination, the photocurrent density of chemically bonded N-PDI-P/WO3 heterojunction was twofold higher than that of physically adhered heterojunction for photoelectrochemical water oxidation at 0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Energy band structure and charge transfer dynamic analyses revealed that photogenerated electron carriers on the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of an N-PDI-P molecule can be transferred to the conduction band of WO3. The charge transfer and separation rates were accelerated considerably after the chemical bond formed at the N-PDI-P/WO3 interface. The proposed method provides a new way for the design and construction of organic-inorganic composite heterojunction.

scholarly journals Structural Evolution of Chemically-Driven RuO2 Nanowires and 3-Dimensional Design for Photo-Catalytic Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonmo Park ◽  
Jae Won Lee ◽  
Byeong Uk Ye ◽  
Sung Hee Chun ◽  
Sang Hoon Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Oxidation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Nucleation Theory ◽  
Crystallographic Structure ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Solar Water Oxidation

Abstract Growth mechanism of chemically-driven RuO2 nanowires is explored and used to fabricate three-dimensional RuO2 branched Au-TiO2 nanowire electrodes for the photostable solar water oxidation. For the real time structural evolution during the nanowire growth, the amorphous RuO2 precursors (Ru(OH)3·H2O) are heated at 180 °C, producing the RuO2 nanoparticles with the tetragonal crystallographic structure and Ru enriched amorphous phases, observed through the in-situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction and the high-resolution transmission electron microscope images. Growth then proceeds by Ru diffusion to the nanoparticles, followed by the diffusion to the growing surface of the nanowire in oxygen ambient, supported by the nucleation theory. The RuO2 branched Au-TiO2 nanowire arrays shows a remarkable enhancement in the photocurrent density by approximately 60% and 200%, in the UV-visible and Visible region, respectively, compared with pristine TiO2 nanowires. Furthermore, there is no significant decrease in the device’s photoconductance with UV-visible illumination during 1 day, making it possible to produce oxygen gas without the loss of the photoactvity.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature Reaction for the CdSe–TiO2 Nanotube Thin Film Formation via Chemical Bath Deposition in Improving the Photoelectrochemical Activity

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2533
Author(s):  
Chin Wei Lai ◽  
Nurul Asma Samsudin ◽  
Foo Wah Low ◽  
Nur Azimah Abd Samad ◽  
Kung Shiuh Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Bath Deposition ◽  
Deposition Temperature ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Tio2 Nanotube ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Activity

In this present work, we report the deposition of cadmium selenide (CdSe) particles on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube thin films, using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) method at low deposition temperatures ranging from 20 to 60 °C. The deposition temperature had an influence on the overall CdSe–TiO2 nanotube thin film morphologies, chemical composition, phase transition, and optical properties, which, in turn, influenced the photoelectrochemical performance of the samples that were investigated. All samples showed the presence of CdSe particles in the TiO2 nanotube thin film lattice structures with the cubic phase CdSe compound. The amount of CdSe loading on the TiO2 nanotube thin films were increased and tended to form agglomerates as a function of deposition temperature. Interestingly, a significant enhancement in photocurrent density was observed for the CdSe–TiO2 nanotube thin films deposited at 20 °C with a photocurrent density of 1.70 mA cm−2, which was 17% higher than the bare TiO2 nanotube thin films. This sample showed a clear surface morphology without any clogged nanotubes, leading to better ion diffusion, and, thus, an enhanced photocurrent density. Despite having the least CdSe loading on the TiO2 nanotube thin films, the CdSe–TiO2 nanotube thin films deposited at 20 °C showed the highest photocurrent density, which confirmed that a small amount of CdSe is enough to enhance the photoelectrochemical performance of the sample.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Characterization of Structural and Photoelectrochemical Properties of a Bi–Mo–W–O Thin-Film Materials Library

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Nowak ◽  
Ramona Gutkowski ◽  
Joao Junqueira ◽  
Wolfgang Schuhmann ◽  
Alfred Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Lattice Distortion ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Diffraction Peak ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Properties ◽  
Aurivillius Phase ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Performance ◽  
Photoelectrochemical Activity

AbstractA Bi–W–Mo–O thin-film materials library was fabricated by combinatorial reactive magnetron sputtering. The composition spread was investigated using high-throughput methods to determine crystalline phases, composition, morphology, optical properties, and photoelectrochemical performance. The aurivillius phase (Bi2O2)2+ (BiM(W1−NMoN)M−1O3M+1)2− is the predominantly observed crystal structure, indicating that the thin films in the library are solid solutions. With increasing amounts of Mo ≙ 7–22% the diffraction peak at 2θ = 28° ≙ [131] shifts due to lattice distortion, the photoelectrochemical activity is increasing up to a wavelength of 460 nm with an incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) of 4.5%, and the bandgap decreases. A maximum photocurrent density of 31 μA/cm2 was measured for Bi31W62Mo7Oz at a bias potential of 1.23 V vs. RHE (0.1 M Na2SO4).

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