scholarly journals Real-Time Minimization Power Losses by Driven Primary Regulation in Islanded Microgrids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Quynh T.T Tran ◽  
Eleonora Riva Sanseverino ◽  
Gaetano Zizzo ◽  
Maria Luisa Di Silvestre ◽  
Tung Lam Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Time Minimization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Suitable Power

Islanded microgrids are small networks that work independently from the main grid. The frequency and voltage in islanded microgrids are affected directly by the output power of distributed generators and power demand variations. In this work, a real-time driven primary regulation, which relies on optimized P-f droop coefficients, is proposed. In all operating conditions, it minimizes the power losses for islanded microgrids. The proposed configuration will allow the optimization modules to interact with each other and adjust parameters producing a suitable power sharing among generators. The methodology is tested based on a hardware-in-the-loop experimental set-up where distributed generators are connected to a group of loads. A parametric analysis is implemented for verification of the effectiveness of the proposed configuration as well as the improvement of the system reliability.

scholarly journals Protection Schemes of Meshed Distribution Networks for Smart Grids and Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stavros Lazarou ◽  
Vasiliki Vita ◽  
Lambros Ekonomou
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
System Planning ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Review Analysis ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Protection Systems

This paper reviews protection schemes for meshed distribution networks. It gives emphasis to the increasing penetration of electric vehicles, their charging patterns, and to the increasing value of distributed generators, especially from renewables. It includes a preliminary analysis on system planning with electric vehicles that is studied probabilistically and a more detailed analysis of the expected changes introduced by these new loads. Finally, a real time hardware-in-the-loop review analysis for protection systems and the open source networks available for protection studies from several sources are also provided. This work could be useful as a collective review of the recent bibliography on protection for meshed networks, giving emphasis to electric vehicles and their real time simulation.

Accelerated Degradation for Hardware in the Loop Simulation of Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Abreu-Sepulveda ◽  
David Tucker ◽  
Nor Farida Harun ◽  
Gregory Hackett ◽  
Anke Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Electrochemical Degradation ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a promising technology for clean power generation, however their implementation has been limited by several degradation mechanisms, which significantly reduce its lifetime under constant output power and inhibits the technology for commercialization in the near future. With the purpose of harnessing the capabilities offered by SOFCs, the U.S. DOE-National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, WV has developed the Hybrid Performance (HyPer) project in which a SOFC 1D, real-time operating model is coupled to a gas turbine hardware system by utilizing hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HiLS). More recently, in order to assess the long-term stability of the SOFC part of the system, electrochemical degradation due to operating conditions such as current density and fuel utilization have been incorporated into the SOFC model and successfully recreated in real time for standalone and hybrid operation. The mathematical expression for degradation rate was obtained through the analysis of empirical voltage versus time plots for different current densities and fuel utilizations at 750, 800, and 850°C. Simulation results well reflected the behavior of SOFC degradation rates from which the long-term stability of the cell under various conditions was assessed. Distributed fuel cell parameters are presented for both standalone and hybrid configurations. The incorporation of the electrochemical degradation rate into the SOFC model provides a framework to study more realistically Fuel Cell-hybrid systems and set forth a mechanism to improve the long-term stability of SOFCs through the hybridization of such technology.

scholarly journals Adaptive Droop Gain-Based Event-Triggered Consensus Reactive Power Sharing in Microgrids

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1152
Author(s):  
Linyun Xiong ◽  
Penghan Li ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Sunhua Huang ◽  
Jie Wang
Keyword(s):  
System Reliability ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Communication Reduction ◽  
Event Triggered

This paper proposes an adaptive droop gain-based consensus approach for reactive power sharing in microgrids (MGs) with the event triggered communication protocol (ETCP). A multi-agent system-based network is constructed to establish the communication with distributed generators (DGs) in MGs. An ETCP is proposed to reduce the communication among agents to save resources and improve system reliability, as the communication is only needed when the event triggered condition is fulfilled. A stability analysis is conducted to guarantee the existence of the equilibrium point and the freeness of the Zeno solution. Moreover, an adaptive droop gain is designed to reduce the impact of imbalanced feeder impedances. Four case studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method. The simulation results show that the ETCP-based approach is capable of achieving power sharing consensus, communication reduction and shifting the information exchange mode based on the operation scenarios.

scholarly journals Hardware in the Loop Test-Rig for Identification and Control Application on High Speed Pantographs

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 445-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Collina ◽  
A. Facchinetti ◽  
F. Fossati ◽  
F. Resta
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Dynamical Interaction ◽  
Contact Wire ◽  
The Real ◽  
Current Collection ◽  
Set Up

Trains current collection for traction motors is obtained by means of a sliding contact between the overhead line (OHL) and the collector strips mounted on the pantograph head. The normal force by which the collector presses against the contact wire ensures the contact pressure for the electrical contact. As the train speed increases, the variation of contact force between pantograph and catenary increases, and the pantograph-OHL dynamic interaction becomes greater. This condition causes excessive mechanical wear and contact wire uplift (for high values of contact forces), and leads to high percentage of contact loss, arcing and electrically related wear.The topic of actively controlled pantograph is gaining more interest as a tool to increase the performance of the current collection at high speed. In the last few years, it appears possible to transfer the knowledge based on numerical experiments, to the real operating condition. An important step in this direction is the set up of a laboratory hardware in the loop test-rig in which the control strategies and the actuation can be tested, before tests performing in real life conditions, in order to demonstrate their actual feasibility. The present paper describes an hardware in the loop (HIL) test-rig developed by the authors, which allows to reproduce the dynamical interaction between overhead lines and pantograph in high speed railways. Using the described laboratory set-up, experimental investigation on the problems related with pantograph-OHL interaction can be performed, very similarly to the real life operating conditions, with the advantage of varying test parameters and conditions easily.

Hardware in the Loop Platform with Brake-by-Wire and Steer-by-Wire System

2013 ◽  
Vol 774-776 ◽  
pp. 443-447
Author(s):  
Wei Qiao Yin ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
You De Li ◽  
Qing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
System Testing ◽  
Steer By Wire ◽  
Xpc Target ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Wire System

This paper describes an overview of the general structure and working principle of brake-by-wire and steer-by-wire platform at first. We design a real-time hardware and software the system. And we use Matlab/xPC Target real-time platform to build the hardware in-the-loop platform for brake-by-wire and steer-by-wire system, we select typical operating conditions to conduct the hardware-in-the-loop test, the results show that the by-wire system testing capabilities of the platform.

Accelerated Degradation for Hardware in the Loop Simulation of Fuel Cell-Gas Turbine Hybrid System

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Abreu-Sepulveda ◽  
Nor Farida Harun ◽  
Gregory Hackett ◽  
Anke Hagen ◽  
David Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mathematical Expression ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Voltage Versus ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Hardware System

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) in Morgantown, WV has developed the hybrid performance (HyPer) project in which a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) one-dimensional (1D), real-time operating model is coupled to a gas turbine hardware system by utilizing hardware-in-the-loop simulation. To assess the long-term stability of the SOFC part of the system, electrochemical degradation due to operating conditions such as current density and fuel utilization have been incorporated into the SOFC model and successfully recreated in real time. The mathematical expression for degradation rate was obtained through the analysis of empirical voltage versus time plots for different current densities and fuel utilizations.

DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLEX REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR SIX PATHOGENS: RAPID TOOL FOR DIAGNOSIS OF BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

2019 ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Viet Quynh Tram Ngo ◽  
Thi Ti Na Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Bach Nguyen ◽  
Thi Tuyet Ngoc Tran ◽  
Thi Nam Lien Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Type B ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Suis Serotype

Introduction: Bacterial meningitis is an acute central nervous infection with high mortality or permanent neurological sequelae if remained undiagnosed. However, traditional diagnostic methods for bacterial meningitis pose challenge in prompt and precise identification of causative agents. Aims: The present study will therefore aim to set up in-house PCR assays for diagnosis of six pathogens causing the disease including H. influenzae type b, S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, S. suis serotype 2, E. coli and S. aureus. Methods: inhouse PCR assays for detecting six above-mentioned bacteria were optimized after specific pairs of primers and probes collected from the reliable literature resources and then were performed for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with suspected meningitis in Hue Hospitals. Results: The set of four PCR assays was developed including a multiplex real-time PCR for S. suis serotype 2, H. influenzae type b and N. meningitides; three monoplex real-time PCRs for E. coli, S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. Application of the in-house PCRs for 116 CSF samples, the results indicated that 48 (39.7%) cases were positive with S. suis serotype 2; one case was positive with H. influenzae type b; 4 cases were positive with E. coli; pneumococcal meningitis were 19 (16.4%) cases, meningitis with S. aureus and N. meningitidis were not observed in any CSF samples in this study. Conclusion: our in-house real-time PCR assays are rapid, sensitive and specific tools for routine diagnosis to detect six mentioned above meningitis etiological agents. Key words: Bacterial meningitis, etiological agents, multiplex real-time PCR

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