scholarly journals Lead-Acid Battery Sizing for a DC Auxiliary System in a Substation by the Optimization Method

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4400
Author(s):  
Ribič ◽  
Pihler ◽  
Maruša ◽  
Kokalj ◽  
Kitak
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Auxiliary System ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Lead Acid

Lead-acid batteries are the most frequently used energy storage facilities for the provision of a backup supply of DC auxiliary systems in substations and power plants due to their long service life and high reliability. It is possible to define the load in these systems, therefore the IEEE 485 Standard can be used for the selection of batteries according to the conventional method of selection. Special attention is paid in the paper to the technical selection of a lead-acid battery, which depends on its operational reliability that decreases with battery aging. It is defined by the extent of maintenance during its service life. A cost analysis was also carried out, which took into consideration maintenance and procurement costs, as well as the costs of the related air conditioning that keeps the prescribed temperature and ventilates the battery room. The impact is shown of selecting a lead-acid battery on the battery room’s operating safety when charging. The final selection of lead-acid battery is performed using an optimization algorithm of differential evolution. Using the optimization process, the new battery selection method includes the technical sizing criteria of the lead-acid battery, reliability of operation with maintenance, operational safety, and cost analysis. Two cases of selection of lead-acid batteries for the backup supply of a DC auxiliary system in a transmission substation are presented in the paper, where the input data were determined based on measurements in an existing substation. A comparison is made between the existing conventional and new lead-acid battery selection method based on optimization.

Change in the Properties of a Lead-acid Battery Depending on the Cycling Speed and the Ambient Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Jana Zimáková ◽  
Petr Baca ◽  
Martin Langer ◽  
Tomáš Binar
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Cycling Speed ◽  
Lead Acid

This work deals with lead-acid batteries, their properties and individual types that are available on the market. The temperature dependences of the battery parameters at different ambient temperatures and at different discharging and charging modes are measured. 6 batteries are tested at different charging currents, which provides information about their behavior both during discharge and at the time of charging. During the experiments, testing is not only performed at room temperature, but the batteries are also exposed to high temperatures up to 75 °C.

Design of Lead-Acid Battery Intelligent Charging System

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1068-1073
Author(s):  
Yu Lin Gong ◽  
Hong Zuo Li ◽  
Ming Qiu Li ◽  
Wei Da Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Software Design ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Negative Pulse ◽  
Battery Charging ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Pulse Charging ◽  
Charging Efficiency ◽  
Lead Acid

This paper expounds the principle of lead-acid battery intelligent charging system, design the main circuit of the intelligent charging system, the positive and negative pulse charging circuit, control circuit and software design of intelligent charging system. Experimental results show that the system USES intelligent charging method can effectively improve the charging efficiency of battery and prolong the service life of the battery, can be widely used in lead-acid battery charging system, which has a broad prospect of industrialization and social benefits.

Numerical and Experimental Study of Lead-Acid Battery

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente D. Munoz-Carpio ◽  
Jerry Mason ◽  
Ismail Celik ◽  
Francisco Elizalde-Blancas ◽  
Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Secondary Battery ◽  
Industrial Storage ◽  
Lead Acid

Lead-Acid battery was the earliest secondary battery to be developed. It is the battery that is most widely used in applications ranging from automotive to industrial storage. Nowadays it is often used to store energy from renewable energy sources. There is a growing interest to continue using Lead-Acid batteries in the energy systems due to the recyclability and the manufacturing infrastructure which is already in place. Due to this rising interest, there is also a need to improve the efficiency and extend the life cycle of Lead-Acid batteries. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of the physics taking place within individual batteries. A physics based computational model can be used to simulate the mechanisms of the battery accurately and describe all the processes that are happening inside; including the interactions between the battery elements, based upon the physical processes that the model takes into account. In the present paper, we present a discharge/charge experimental study that has been carried out with small Lead-Acid batteries (with a capacity of 7 Ah). The experiments were performed with a constant current rate of 0.1C [A]1 for two different battery arrangements. An in-house zero dimensional model was developed to perform simulations of Lead-Acid batteries under different operating conditions. A validation analysis of the model was executed to confirm the accuracy of the results obtained by the model compared to the aforementioned experiments. Additional simulations of the battery were carried out under different current rates and geometry modifications in order to study how the performance of the battery may change under these conditions.

scholarly journals Exploring the Additive Effects of Aluminium and Potassium Sulfates in Enhancing the Charge Cycle of Lead Acid Batteries

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Chijioke Elijah Onu ◽  
Nnabundo Nwabunwane Musei ◽  
Philomena Kanwulia Igbokwe
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Potassium Sulfate ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Acid Electrolyte ◽  
Mixed Electrolyte ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Aluminium Sulfate ◽  
Dilute Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte ◽  
Lead Acid

The adoption of aluminium sulfate and potassium sulfate as electrolyte additives were investigated to determine the possibility of enhancing the charge cycle of 2V/ 20AH lead acid battery with reference to the conventional dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte. The duration and efficiency of lead acid batteries have been a challenge for industries over time due to weak electrolyte and insufficient charge cycle leading to sulfation. This has affected the long-term production output in manufacturing companies that depend on lead acid batteries as alternative power source. Hence there is need to explore the use of specific sulfate additives that can possibly address this gap. The electrolyte solutions were in three separate charge and discharge cycles involving dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte, dilute sulfuric acid-aluminium sulfate mixed electrolyte and dilute sulfuric acid-potassium sulfate mixed electrolyte for one hour each. The total voltage after 30 minutes charge cycle was 2.3V, 2.35V and 5.10V for dilute sulfuric acid, aluminium sulfate additive and potassium sulfate additive respectively. The cell efficiency for dilute sulfuric acid, aluminium sulfate additive and potassium sulfate additive electrolytes are 77%, 77% and 33% respectively. The electrolyte sulfate additives were of no positive impact to the conventional dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte of a typical lead acid battery due to the low difference in potentials between the terminals.

scholarly journals Parameters observation of restoration capacity of industrial lead acid battery using high current pulses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1596
Author(s):  
N. S. M. Ibrahim ◽  
Asmarashid Ponniran ◽  
R. A. Rahman ◽  
M. P. Martin ◽  
A. Yassin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Capacity ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
High Current ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Selective Method ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Current Pulses ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
Capacity Performance ◽  
Lead Acid

Batteries play an essential role on most of the electrical equipment and electrical engineering tools. However, one of the drawbacks of lead acid batteries is PbSO<sub>4</sub> accumulates on the battery plates, which significantly cause deterioration. Therefore, this study discusses the discharge capacity performance evaluation of the industrial lead acid battery. The selective method to improve the discharge capacity is using high current pulses method. This method is performed to restore the capacity of lead acid batteries that use a maximum direct current (DC) of up to 500 A produces instantaneous heat from 27°C to 48°C to dissolve the PbSO<sub>4</sub> on the plates. This study uses an 840 Ah, 36 V flooded lead acid batteries for a forklift for the evaluation test. Besides, this paper explores the behavior of critical formation parameters, such as the discharge capacity of the cells. From the experimental results, it can be concluded that the discharge capacity of the flooded lead acid battery can be increase by using high current pulses method. The comparative findings for the overall percentage of discharge capacity of the batteries improved from 68% to 99% after the restoration capacity.

Evaluation of the impact of the different charging algorithms on the lead-acid batteries lifetime

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mori Yatsui ◽  
Hua Bai ◽  
Nicholas Cramer ◽  
Xi Zheng ◽  
Mohammadhossein Azhinehfar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lead Acid

Performance Evaluation of Modelling and Simulation of Lead Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Selmani ◽  
A. Ed-Dahhak ◽  
M. Outanoute ◽  
A. Lachhab ◽  
M. Guerbaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Internal Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Charging Mode ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Storage Units ◽  
Lead Acid

Lead-acid batteries have been the most widely used energy storage units in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) applications. To make a full use of those batteries and to improve their lifecycle, high performance charger is often required. The implementation of an advanced charger needs accurate information on the batteries internal parameters. In this work, we selected CIEMAT model because of its good performance to deal with the widest range of lead acid batteries. The performance evaluation of this model is based on the co-simulation LabVIEW/Multisim. With the intention of determining the impact of the charging process on batteries, the behaviour of different internal parameters of the batteries was simulated. During the charging mode, the value of the current must decrease when the batteries’ state of charge is close to be fully charged.

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