scholarly journals GaN Single Crystalline Substrates by Ammonothermal and HVPE Methods for Electronic Devices

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Karolina Grabianska ◽  
Piotr Jaroszynski ◽  
Aneta Sidor ◽  
Michal Bockowski ◽  
Malgorzata Iwinska
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Grown Crystal ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Bulk Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Recent results of GaN bulk growth performed in Poland are presented. Two technologies are described in detail: halide vapor phase epitaxy and basic ammonothermal. The processes and their results (crystals and substrates) are demonstrated. Some information about wafering procedures, thus, the way from as-grown crystal to an epi-ready wafer, are shown. Results of other groups in the world are briefly presented as the background for our work.

scholarly journals High-quality single crystalline NiO with twin phases grown on sapphire substrate by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy

AIP Advances ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 042154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Uchida ◽  
Ken-ichi Yoshida ◽  
Dongyuan Zhang ◽  
Atsushi Koizumi ◽  
Shinji Nozaki
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Sapphire Substrate ◽  
Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Single Crystalline

Metal organic vapor phase epitaxy growth of single crystalline GaN on planar Si(211) substrates

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (24) ◽  
pp. 242101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghaiyeh Ravash ◽  
Jürgen Bläsing ◽  
Thomas Hempel ◽  
Martin Noltemeyer ◽  
Armin Dadgar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Vapor Phase Epitaxy ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Organic Vapor ◽  
Metal Organic

scholarly journals Dis-origined Materials: The Role and Invisibilization of Extraction in Technoscience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma McKay
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Core Element ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
As If ◽  
The Way

In new materialist STS, researchers recognize and investigate the liveliness, agency, and ongoing historicity of matter in the lab. Through the work of extraction studies, we know that much of this matter is violently pulled from the ground—the metals in electronic devices, for instance, were cut out of the earth. Previous work in new materialist STS has critiqued the construction of the ‘object’ as obscuring how things work and are made, yet the role of extraction in things has gone largely unacknowledged. In this paper, I argue that extraction is a core element of contemporary technoscience. I define the term dis-origining to analytically describe the way that objects are made to seem as if they come from nowhere, within and far beyond the STS literature, comparing this term with related concepts including Haraway’s (1988) god-trick and Marx’s commodity fetish. Seeing extraction in the world around us and naming the ways that socio-ecologies have been invisibilized may help us address the immense violences wrought in making contemporary technosciences.

Becoming Politicized

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Barkas ◽  
Xenia Chryssochoou
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Greek Society ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Beliefs About The Future ◽  
Of Greece ◽  
The Way

Abstract. This research took place just after the end of the protests following the killing of a 16-year-old boy by a policeman in Greece in December 2008. Participants (N = 224) were 16-year-olds in different schools in Attiki. Informed by the Politicized Collective Identity Model ( Simon & Klandermans, 2001 ), a questionnaire measuring grievances, adversarial attributions, emotions, vulnerability, identifications with students and activists, and questions about justice and Greek society in the future, as well as about youngsters’ participation in different actions, was completed. Four profiles of the participants emerged from a cluster analysis using representations of the conflict, emotions, and identifications with activists and students. These profiles differed on beliefs about the future of Greece, participants’ economic vulnerability, and forms of participation. Importantly, the clusters corresponded to students from schools of different socioeconomic areas. The results indicate that the way young people interpret the events and the context, their levels of identification, and the way they represent society are important factors of their political socialization that impacts on their forms of participation. Political socialization seems to be related to youngsters’ position in society which probably constitutes an important anchoring point of their interpretation of the world.

Restrained Airs: The Diegetic Surface and Nondiegetic Depth of British Film Music

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-443
Author(s):  
Paul Mazey
Keyword(s):  
Film Music ◽  
The World ◽  
British Cinema ◽  
Film Making ◽  
The Way

This article considers how pre-existing music has been employed in British cinema, paying particular attention to the diegetic/nondiegetic boundary and notions of restraint. It explores the significance of the distinction between diegetic music, which exists in the world of the narrative, and nondiegetic music, which does not. It analyses the use of pre-existing operatic music in two British films of the same era and genre: Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949) and The Importance of Being Earnest (1952), and demonstrates how seemingly subtle variations in the way music is used in these films produce markedly different effects. Specifically, it investigates the meaning of the music in its original context and finds that only when this bears a narrative relevance to the film does it cross from the diegetic to the nondiegetic plane. This reveals that whereas music restricted to the diegetic plane may express the outward projection of the characters' emotions, music also heard on the nondiegetic track may reveal a deeper truth about their feelings. In this way, the meaning of the music varies depending upon how it is used. While these two films may differ in whether or not their pre-existing music occupies a nondiegetic or diegetic position in relation to the narrative, both are characteristic of this era of British film-making in using music in an understated manner which expresses a sense of emotional restraint and which marks the films with a particularly British inflection.

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