scholarly journals An Integrated Toolbox for the Engagement of Citizens in the Monitoring of Water Ecosystems

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Krommyda ◽  
Anastasios Rigos ◽  
Spyridon-Nektarios Bolierakis ◽  
Theodoros Theodoropoulos ◽  
Stefano Tamascelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Water Ecosystems

The monitoring of water ecosystems requires consistent and accurate sensor measurements, usually provided from traditional in-situ environmental monitoring systems. Such infrastructure, however, is expensive, hard to maintain and available only in limited areas that had been affected by extreme phenomena and require continuous monitoring. Due to climate change, the monitoring of larger areas and extended water ecosystems is imperative, raising the question of whether this monitoring can be disengaged from the in-situ monitoring systems. Due to climate change and extreme weather phenomena, more citizens are affected by environmental issues and become aware of the need to contribute to their monitoring. As a result, they are willing to offer their time to support the collection of scientific data. Collecting such data from volunteers, with no technical knowledge and while using low-cost equipment such as smart phones and portable sensors, raises the question of data quality and consistency. We present here a novel integrated toolbox that can support the organization of crowd-sourcing activities, ensure the engagement of the participants, the data collection in a consistent way, enforce extensive data quality controls and provide to local authorities and scientists access to the collected information in a uniform way, through widely accepted standards.

Heteroepitaxy of GaN on Silicon: In Situ Measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 483-485 ◽  
pp. 1051-1056
Author(s):  
A. Krost ◽  
Armin Dadgar ◽  
F. Schulze ◽  
R. Clos ◽  
K. Haberland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Group Iii Nitrides ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Long Time

Due to the lack of GaN wafers, so far, group-III nitrides are mostly grown on sapphire or SiC substrates. Silicon offers an attractive alternative because of its low cost, large wafer area, and physical benefits such as the possibility of chemical etching, lower hardness, good thermal conductivity, and electrical conducting or isolating for light emitting devices or transistor structures, respectively. However, for a long time, a technological breakthrough of GaN-on-silicon has been thought to be impossible because of the cracking problem originating in the huge difference of the thermal expansion coefficients between GaN and silicon which leads to tensile strain and cracking of the layers when cooling down. However, in recent years, several approaches to prevent cracking and wafer bowing have been successfully applied. Nowadays, device-relevant thicknesses of crackfree group-III-nitrides can be grown on silicon. To reach this goal the most important issues were the identification of the physical origin of strains and its engineering by means of in situ monitoring during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy.

From phycocyanin fluorescence to absolute cyanobacteria biomass: An application using in-situ fluorometer probes in the monitoring of potentially harmful cyanobacteria blooms

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Loisa ◽  
J. Kääriä ◽  
J. Laaksonlaita ◽  
J. Niemi ◽  
J. Sarvala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Fluorescence Probes ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Harmful Effects

Cyanobacteria blooms can complicate the economical or recreational use of waters. Many of the bloom forming species are also potential producers of harmful cyanotoxins. The standard method for quantifying phytoplankton biomass, based on inverted microscopy, has high accuracy and is the only one producing biomass results on taxonomic level, but it requires specialized expertise and is time-consuming. Phycocyanin (PC) pigment concentration has been proven as a useful proxy for the concentration of cyanobacteria. Since 2006, we have studied practical solutions of in-situ monitoring of cyanobacteria using PC fluorescence probes. We have studied two eutrophic lakes, Lake Littoistenjärvi and Lake Kuralanjärvi in southwestern Finland using stationary monitoring stations equipped with PC probes. The fluorescence results were compared to independent water samples analyzed using standard methods. The PC fluorescence was positively correlated to cyanobacteria biomass in both lakes. Using site-specific post-calibrations of biomass, PC fluorescence can be used to estimate the absolute biomass of cyanobacteria. The monitoring techniques used in these studies are an applicable and relatively low-cost method to monitor cyanobacteria abundance. With nearly real-time data transfer possibilities, they can be used in management and early warning applications to minimize the harmful effects of cyanobacteria blooms.

scholarly journals IoT system for remote monitoring of mangrove forest the Sundarbans

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
Asif Rahman Rumee
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Emergency Event ◽  
The Sundarbans

In-situ monitoring of mangrove forests is expensive, cumbersome, time consuming and error-prone, hence remote approaches are being used widely nowadays. Remote sensing using satellites, UAVs and other devices is incapable of collecting many important types of data required for processing, therefore a prototype of an  IoT device is designed and built for monitoring environmental parameters of the largest mangrove forest in the world, the Sundarbans in Bangladesh. The prototype is tested for a few hours in a simulated environment where the readings are updated every 2 seconds and alert notifications are received if an emergency event occurs. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed device and the feasibility of it for low cost remote monitoring of the mangrove forest.

In-Situ Monitoring for Open Low-Cost 3d Printing

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
P. Minetola ◽  
M. S. Khandpur ◽  
L. Iuliano ◽  
F. Calignano ◽  
M. Galati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
In Situ Monitoring

scholarly journals An investigation upon overhang zones by using finite element modelling and in-situ monitoring systems

Procedia CIRP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 1253-1258
Author(s):  
Gokhan Dursun ◽  
Baris Pehlivanogullari ◽  
Cagdas Sen ◽  
Akin Orhangul
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Finite Element Modelling ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Element Modelling

scholarly journals In Situ Monitoring Systems of The SLM Process: On the Need to Develop Machine Learning Models for Data Processing

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 524
Author(s):  
Pinku Yadav ◽  
Olivier Rigo ◽  
Corinne Arvieu ◽  
Emilie Le Guen ◽  
Eric Lacoste
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Defect Detection ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Fusion Process ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Laser Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
In Situ Sensing

In recent years, technological advancements have led to the industrialization of the laser powder bed fusion process. Despite all of the advancements, quality assurance, reliability, and lack of repeatability of the laser powder bed fusion process still hinder risk-averse industries from adopting it wholeheartedly. The process-induced defects or drifts can have a detrimental effect on the quality of the final part, which could lead to catastrophic failure of the finished part. It led to the development of in situ monitoring systems to effectively monitor the process signatures during printing. Nevertheless, post-processing of the in situ data and defect detection in an automated fashion are major challenges. Nowadays, many studies have been focused on incorporating machine learning approaches to solve this problem and develop a feedback control loop system to monitor the process in real-time. In our study, we review the types of process defects that can be monitored via process signatures captured by in situ sensing devices and recent advancements in the field of data analytics for easy and automated defect detection. We also discuss the working principles of the most common in situ sensing sensors to have a better understanding of the process. Commercially available in situ monitoring devices on laser powder bed fusion systems are also reviewed. This review is inspired by the work of Grasso and Colosimo, which presented an overall review of powder bed fusion technology.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Optoacoustic Sensor for Environmental Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Antonios Stylogiannis ◽  
Nikolaos Kousias ◽  
Anastasios Kontses ◽  
Leonidas Ntziachristos ◽  
Vasilis Ntziachristos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Good Agreement

Attention to Black Carbon (BC) has been rising due to its effects on human health as well its contribution to climate change. Measurements of BC are challenging, as currently used devices are either expensive or impractical for continuous monitoring. Here, we propose an optoacoustic sensor to address this problem. The sensor utilizes a novel ellipsoidal design for refocusing the optoacoustic signal with minimal acoustic energy losses. To reduce the cost of the system, without sacrificing accuracy, an overdriven laser diode and a Quartz Tuning Fork are used as the light source and the sound detector, respectively. The prototype was able to detect BC particles and to accurately monitor changes in concentration in real time and with very good agreement with a reference instrument. The response of the sensor was linearly dependent on the BC particles concentration with a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) for soot equal to 7.39 × 10−9 W cm−1 Hz−1/2. Finally, the prototype was able to perform NO2 measurements, demonstrating its ability to accurately monitor both particulate and gaseous pollutants. The proposed sensor has the potential to offer a significant economic impact for BC environmental measurements and source appointment technologies.

scholarly journals Data Treatment of In Situ Monitoring Systems in Selective Laser Melting Machines

2021 ◽  
pp. 2001327
Author(s):  
Pinku Yadav ◽  
Olivier Rigo ◽  
Corinne Arvieu ◽  
Emilie Le Guen ◽  
Eric Lacoste
Keyword(s):  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Data Treatment

An ultra low-cost smartphone device for in-situ monitoring of acute organophosphorus poisoning for agricultural workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chung Chang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Ge ◽  
Li-Ju Wang ◽  
Stephen Sauchi Lee ◽  
Michael H. Paulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning
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